scholarly journals High-normal blood pressure (prehypertension) is associated with PM2.5 exposure in young adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaze Ye ◽  
Jie Tang ◽  
Leiqin Luo ◽  
Tianjian Yang ◽  
Kedi Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Young Population ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Term Fluctuation

Abstract We aimed to examine PM2.5 exposure, blood pressure (SBP and DBP) measurement, hypertension risk factors and to assess the association between PM2.5 exposure and hypertension among young adults. The mean SBP was 117.78 mmHg, with 11.22% high-normal blood pressure (prehypertension) and 2.51% hypertension (≥ 140 mmHg). DBP was 75.48 mmHg with 26.37% prehypertension and 4.53% hypertension (≥ 90 mmHg). The median PM2.5 in the past year was 31.79 µg/m3, with highest in winter (49.33 µg/m3), followed by spring (37.34 µg/m3), autumn (29.64 µg/m3) and summer (24.33 µg/m3). Blood pressure was positively correlated with age, height, weight, BMI, daily smoking, alcohol consumption, mental stress and stay-up in the past 1 year. After adjustment for the covariates, each 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with SBP (Day 1 = 1.07 mmHg, Day 3 = 1.25 mmHg, Day 5 = 1.01 mmHg) and DBP (Day 1 = 1.06 mmHg, Day 3 = 1.28 mmHg, Day 5 = 1.29 mmHg, Day 15 = 0.87 mmHg, Day 30 = 0.56 mmHg). Exposure in winter was associated with 1.17 mmHg increase in SBP. Logistic models showed for every 1 µg/m3 increase of PM2.5, SBP in Day 1 and Day 5 was increased by 6% and 4%, and DPB by 3% and 16%, respectively. SBP was increased by 13% in spring and 7% in winter, and DBP was increased by 12% in winter. Our data suggest a certain prevalence of pre- or hypertension among young population, which is associated with short-term fluctuation and season-specific exposure of PM2.5.

scholarly journals A longitudinal analysis of the progression from normal blood pressure to stage 2 hypertension: A 12-year Korean cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Sun Yu ◽  
Kwan Hong ◽  
Byung Chul Chun
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
American Heart Association ◽  
American Heart ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stage 1

Abstract Background The study aimed to estimate the incidence of and period of progression to stage 2 hypertension from normal blood pressure. Methods We selected a total of 21,172 normotensive individuals between 2003 and 2004 from the National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening and followed them up until 2015. The criteria for blood pressure were based on the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association 2017 guideline (normal BP: SBP < 120 and DBP < 80 mmHg, elevated BP: SBP 120–129 and DBP < 80 mmHg, stage 1 hypertension: SBP 130–139 or DBP 80–89 mmHg, stage 2 hypertension: SBP ≥140 or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg). We classified the participants into four courses (Course A: normal BP → elevated BP → stage 1 hypertension→ stage 2 hypertension, Course B: normal BP → elevated BP → stage 2 hypertension, Course C: normal BP → stage 1 hypertension → stage 2 hypertension, Course D: normal BP → stage 2 hypertension) according to their progression from normal blood pressure to stage 2 hypertension. Results During the median 12.23 years of follow-up period, 52.8% (n= 11,168) and 23.6% (n=5004) of the participants had stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension, respectively. In particular, over 60 years old had a 2.8-fold higher incidence of stage 2 hypertension than 40–49 years old. After the follow-up period, 77.5% (n=3879) of participants with stage 2 hypertension were found to be course C (n= 2378) and D (n=1501). After the follow-up period, 77.5% (n=3879) of participants with stage 2 hypertension were found to be course C (n= 2378) and D (n=1501). The mean years of progression from normal blood pressure to stage 2 hypertension were 8.7±2.6 years (course A), 6.1±2.9 years (course B), 7.5±2.8 years (course C) and 3.2±2.0 years, respectively. Conclusions This study found that the incidence of hypertension is associated with the progression at each stage. We suggest that the strategies necessary to prevent progression to stage 2 hypertension need to be set differently for each target course.

scholarly journals THE ASSAY OF HYPERTENSIN FROM THE ARTERIAL BLOOD OF NORMOTENSIVE AND HYPERTENSIVE HUMAN BEINGS

1952 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Kahn ◽  
Leonard T. Skeggs ◽  
Norman P. Shumway ◽  
Paul E. Wisenbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Benign Group

Hypertensin has been assayed in the blood of patients with normal blood pressure and in those with essential hypertension in both the benign and malignant phases. 250 ml. samples of arterial blood were obtained, chemically purified, and concentrated to a volume of 1 ml. These extracts were then assayed in anesthetized rats. The concentrations of hypertensin in the blood of patients with the malignant phase of essential hypertension were found to be greatly increased. The concentrations of hypertensin found in patients with benign hypertension had a moderate degree of overlapping with those found in the normotensive group, but the mean concentration of hypertensin in the former group was twice that of the controls. Although these results are statistically significant, the amounts of hypertensin recovered in the benign group are so small that no conclusions can be drawn as to its effectiveness in producing vasoconstriction in these patients.

Association Between Cost-Related Medication Nonadherence and Hypertension Management Among US Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 879-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Fang ◽  
Tiffany Chang ◽  
Guijing Wang ◽  
Fleetwood Loustalot
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Antihypertensive Medication ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Hypertension Management ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Medication Nonadherence ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Abstract BACKGROUND Medication nonadherence is an important element of uncontrolled hypertension. Financial factors frequently contribute to nonadherence. The objective of this study was to examine the association between cost-related medication nonadherence (CRMN) and self-reported antihypertensive medication use and self-reported normal blood pressure among US adults with self-reported hypertension. METHODS Participants with self-reported hypertension from the 2017 National Health Interview Survey were included (n = 7,498). CRMN was defined using standard questions. Hypertension management included: (i) self-reported current antihypertensive medication use and (ii) self-reported normal blood pressure within the past 12 months. Adjusted prevalence and prevalence ratios of hypertension management indicators among those with and without CRMN were estimated. RESULTS Overall, 10.7% reported CRMN, 83.6% reported current antihypertensive medication use, and 67.4% reported normal blood pressure within past 12 months. Adjusted percentages of current antihypertensive medication use (88.6% vs. 82.9%, P &lt; 0.001) and self-reported normal blood pressure (69.8% vs. 59.5%, P = 0.002) were higher among those without CRMN compared with those with CRMN. Adjusted prevalence ratios showed that, compared with those with CRMN, those without CRMN were more likely to report current antihypertensive medication use (odds ratio = 1.08, 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.12) and self-reported normal blood pressure (1.15 (1.07–1.23)). CONCLUSIONS Among US adults with self-reported hypertension, those without CRMN were more likely to report current antihypertensive medication use and normal blood pressure within the past 12 months. Financial barriers to medication adherence persist and impact hypertension management.

scholarly journals Association between high blood pressure and long term cardiovascular events in young adults: systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. m3222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongling Luo ◽  
Yunjiu Cheng ◽  
Haifeng Zhang ◽  
Mingchuan Ba ◽  
Pengyuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Difference ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate and quantify the future risk of cardiovascular events in young adults with high blood pressure.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMedline, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception to 6 March 2020. Relative risks were pooled using a random effects model and expressed with 95% confidence intervals. Absolute risk difference was calculated. Dose-response relations between blood pressure and individual outcomes were assessed by a restricted cubic spline model.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies were selected that investigated the adverse outcomes of adults aged 18-45 with raised blood pressure. The primary study outcome was a composite of total cardiovascular events. Coronary heart disease, stroke, and all cause mortality were examined as secondary outcomes.ResultsSeventeen observational cohorts consisting of approximately 4.5 million young adults were included in the analysis. The average follow-up was 14.7 years. Young adults with normal blood pressure had increased risk of cardiovascular events compared with those with optimal blood pressure (relative risk 1.19, 95% confidence interval 1.08 to 1.31; risk difference 0.37, 95% confidence interval 0.16 to 0.61 per 1000 person years). A graded, progressive association was found between blood pressure categories and increased risk of cardiovascular events (high normal blood pressure: relative risk 1.35, 95% confidence interval 1.22 to 1.49; risk difference 0.69, 95% confidence interval 0.43 to 0.97 per 1000 person years; grade 1 hypertension: 1.92, 1.68 to 2.19; 1.81, 1.34 to 2.34; grade 2 hypertension: 3.15, 2.31 to 4.29; 4.24, 2.58 to 6.48). Similar results were observed for coronary heart disease and stroke. Generally, the population attributable fraction for cardiovascular events associated with raised blood pressure was 23.8% (95% confidence interval 17.9% to 28.8%). The number needed to treat for one year to prevent one cardiovascular event was estimated at 2672 (95% confidence interval 1639 to 6250) for participants with normal blood pressure, 1450 (1031 to 2326) for those with high normal blood pressure, 552 (427 to 746) for those with grade 1 hypertension, and 236 (154 to 388) for those with grade 2 hypertension.ConclusionsYoung adults with raised blood pressure might have a slightly increased risk of cardiovascular events in later life. Because the evidence for blood pressure lowering is limited, active interventions should be cautious and warrant further investigation.

THE FLUSH METHOD FOR DETERMINING BLOOD PRESSURES IN INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 950-957
Author(s):  
Arthur J. Moss ◽  
Wilbert Liebling ◽  
Forrest H. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Mean

Observations were made on 551 Caucasian infants from 1 day to 1 year of age. All subjects had normal cardiovascular status and were free from acute or chronic infections. A total of 1,712 measurements of blood pressure were obtained by the flush technique. It is known that measurements made using the flush technique approximate the mean rather than the systolic blood pressure. The values obtained were analyzed in relation to sex, age and body weight. No correlation is found between sex and blood pressure or between body weight within a given monthly age category and blood pressure. Measurements of blood pressure show a pronounced and highly significance rise following the first week of life. During the first 9 months of life the readings are somewhat higher at the wrist than at the ankle. Thereafter, the converse is true. The significance of these findings is discussed. Arithmetic means and the range of normal blood pressure are presented. Exclusive of the first week of life, the range of normal blood pressure during the first year is from 51 to 93 mm Hg for the upper extremity and from 44 to 92 mm Hg for the lower extremity.

scholarly journals Relationship between Coping Mechanisms to Psychosocial Stress with Blood Pressure in Young Adults: A Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-445
Author(s):  
Sithu Aung ◽  
Ramli Musa ◽  
Jamalludin Rahman A ◽  
Azarisman Shah M ◽  
Aszrin Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Prehypertension is a precursor of hypertension, with high prevalence in young adults. Psychosocial stress can be one of the modifiable risk factors for hypertension. The objective of the study is to assess the relationship between coping mechanism to psychosocial stress and the blood pressure of young adults.Methods: A comparative crosssectional pilot study was conducted in 36 young adults aged less than 45 years. The pulse rate, blood pressure and body mass index of the respondents were recorded. Psychosocial stress was measured by plasma cortisol following an acute mental stress test; and the level of stress and the coping strategies to stress were assessed using validated Malay Version questionnaires: DASS- 21 and Brief R-COPE questionnaires.Results: Forty four percent of subjects had normotension and fifty six percent had above-normal blood pressure (prehypertension and mild hypertension). Subjects with above-normal blood pressure were associated with high plasma cortisol levels (p = 0.032), and high body mass indexes (BMI) (p = 0.004). Maladaptive coping strategy was found to be associated with high stress scores (p = 0.019). The relationship between stress and cortisol was not significant, though a higher cortisol level was noted in the high blood pressure group.Conclusion: In conclusion, higher cortisol levels and greater BMIs were associated with above-normal blood pressure in young adults. These findings are useful for future research in this area, and the continuation of this study will hopefully yield a more significant relationship.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(3) 2018 p.439-445

scholarly journals Association of hypertension and abdominal obesity with some features of gynecologic history

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-300
Author(s):  
A R Sadykova ◽  
A R Shamkina ◽  
R I Gizyatoullova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
History Data ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Aim. To study the association of some gynecologic history data in hypertensive women with abdominal obesity. Methods. A cohort of 315 women aged 21-59 years, including 53 healthy volunteers with normal blood pressure, 63 female patients with prehypertension and 197 hypertensive women, was examined. The mean age of hypertensive women was 47.0±7.0 years. Patients with symptomatic hypertension were excluded from the study. The patients were questioned about gynecologic history data (the number of pregnancies, abortions, miscarriages, history of gestational hypertension) and anthropometry. Patients were divided to 2 groups according to presence (137 female patients, mean age 47.8±6.3 years) or absence (178 female patients, mean age 44.4±7.3 years) of abdominal obesity. Results. There was a significantly higher number of women who had had pregnancies (97.3 versus 83.0%), deliveries (94.7 versus 76.5%), including two and more deliveries (69.9 versus 38.2%), and two and more abortions (64.6 versus 34.0%) among hypertensive women with abdominal obesity compared to non-obese women with normal blood pressure; higher mean rates of pregnancies, deliveries and abortions, more frequent history of gestational hypertension (51.3 versus 14.9%) were revealed as well. Conclusion. The combination of abdominal obesity and hypertension in women aged 21-59 years is associated with higher number of previous pregnancies, abortions, miscarriages and pregnancies, abortions, miscarriages, and history of gestational hypertension.

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