scholarly journals Role of GNPS on the Enhancement of Proton Therapy of Breast Tumor Using MCNPX Simulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
seyede nasrin hosseinimotlagh ◽  
nasrin niknam ◽  
zohreh parang
Keyword(s):  
Proton Therapy ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Bragg Peak ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Breast Tumors ◽  
Stopping Power ◽  
Optimal Range ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Breast Phantom

Abstract Background: The beam therapy plays an important role in the treatment of cancer, which is the most common and successful form of treatment used after surgery. In proton therapy, proton beam (PB) particles irradiate the tumor. To enhance the treatment of breast tumor it is possible to inject gold nanoparticles (GNPS) into the tumor at the same time as irradiating the PB. The aim of this paper is the simulation of the treatment of breast tumors by using PBs and injecting GNPS with different concentrations, simultaneously. Therefore, we introduce the breast phantom (BP), then we irradiate it with a proton pencil beam, which is also injected with GNPS at the same time. In order to show the enhancement of the absorbed dose in the tumor, we use MCNPX.2.6 code. Results: The findings of our simulations show that the location of the Bragg's peak within the tumor shifts to higher depths with increasing energy. Also, by injecting GNPS in different amounts of 10, 25, 50 and 75 mg / ml with simultaneously irradiation of the PB, the rate of absorbed dose increases up to 1.75% compared to the non-injected state. Our results also show that the optimal range of proton energy that creates Bragg peaks within the tumor is between 52 to 65 MeV, which causes the creation of spread out of Bragg peak. It should be noted that the amount of absorbed dose is affected by quantities such as total stopping power, average Coulomb scattering angle, CSDA range and straggling range. Conclusion: This work offers new insights based on the use of GNPS in the treatment of breast cancer through proton therapy and indicates that the addition of GNPS is a promising strategy to increase the killing of cancer cells while irradiating fast PBs. In fact, the results of this study confirm the ability of GNPS to enhance treatment by increasing the absorbed dose in breast tumors using proton therapy.

ROLE OF MAMMOGRAPHY AND CORE BIOPSY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF BREAST TUMOR

2017 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Trong Hung Phan ◽  
Cong Thuan Dang ◽  
Thanh Thao Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Core Biopsy ◽  
Breast Tumors ◽  
Breast Disease ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Introduction: Breast tumor is a popular disease. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Mammography is the chosen screening test and ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy provides (US-CNB) the pathologic result for treatment. Objective: To study the role of mammography and core biopsy in diagnosis of breast tumors. Materials and methodology: Prospective and retrospective study of 33 breast tumors examined mammograms at Hue University Hospital and Hue Central Hospital from 7/2014 to 4/2017. Results: Mean age of breast cancer: 52 years old, of benign breast disease: 53 years old. 86% of all cases admitted to hospital due to self-detecting breast tumor. Locations: 0-3h 33.3%, 9-12h 27.2%. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of mammography were 76.9%, 28.6% and 66.7% respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy value of US-CNB were 95.2%, 85.6%, 95.2%, 85.6% and 92.9%, respectively. The value of combined with mammograms and US-CNB has improved the specificity and positive predictive value to 100%, accuracy value to 95.2%. Moreover, this combination discovered 7.1% breast cancer more. Conclusion: US-CNB is a safe and less traumatic diagnostic tool with high pathologic efficiency. Combining mammography and US-CNB increases the diagnostic value. Key words: Breast tumor, breast cancer, mammograms

scholarly journals The role of Ghrelin Receptor Expression in the Diagnosis of breast cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1438-1446
Author(s):  
Abbas M. Ajeed ◽  
Alaa G. Hussein ◽  
Nazar Alwakeel ◽  
Omar F. Abdul-Rasheed
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Breast Tumors ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Ghrelin Receptor ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Benign Breast Tumor ◽  
Tumor Tissues

To determine the possible role of the assessment of Ghrelin receptor expression in breast tissues as a tool for the diagnosis of breast cancer and differentiate it from a benign breast tumor. A case-control study was done on 60 female patients with breast cancer and 60 female patients with benign breast tumors (Fibroadenoma) who were recruited from Al Imamain Al-Kadhemain Medical City and Oncology teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq between May 2018 and December 2018. Immunohistochemical staining was done on the breast tissue samples obtained from patients and compared with the control group, which comprised 75 fibrocystic tissue samples obtained from age, BMI and sex-matched females. The degree of Ghrelin Receptor expression was determined immunohistochemically. The expression of Ghrelin receptors in breast malignant tumor tissues was higher than that in benign breast tumor tissues and controls, in addition to that, results obtained from all groups revealed that Ghrelin receptor intensity and its expression proportion were strongly and significantly associated with the type of tissues. The expression of the Ghrelin receptor can be considered as a highly significant immunohistochemical marker for the detection of breast tumors and for the differentiation between both types of tumors; benign and malignant.

scholarly journals Low Intensity Beam Extraction Mode on the Protom Synchrotron for Proton Radiography Implementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2058 (1) ◽  
pp. 012041
Author(s):  
A A Pryanichnikov ◽  
P B Zhogolev ◽  
A E Shemyakov ◽  
M A Belikhin ◽  
A P Chernyaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Therapy ◽  
Bragg Peak ◽  
Stopping Power ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Beam Extraction ◽  
Proton Radiography ◽  
Faraday Cup ◽  
Special Mode ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
The Status

Abstract Proton radiography is one of the most important and actual areas of research that can significantly improve the quality and accuracy of proton therapy. Currently, the calculation of the proton range in patients receiving proton therapy is based on the conversion of Hounsfield CT units of the patient's tissues into the relative stopping power of protons. Proton radiography is able to reduce these uncertainties by directly measuring proton stopping power. The study demonstrates the possibility of Protom synchrotron-based proton therapy facilities to operate in a special mode which makes it possible to implement proton radiography. This work presents the status of the new low beam intensity extraction mode. The paper describes algorithms of low flux beam control, calibration procedures and experimental measurements. Measurements and calibration procedures were performed with certified Protom Faraday Cup, PTW Bragg Peak Chamber and specially designed experimental external.

Role of General Adversarial Networks in Mammogram Analysis: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 863-877
Author(s):  
Annapoorani Gopal ◽  
Lathaselvi Gandhimaruthian ◽  
Javid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Generative Adversarial Network ◽  
Adversarial Network ◽  
Adversarial Networks ◽  
Tumor Extraction

The Deep Neural Networks have gained prominence in the biomedical domain, becoming the most commonly used networks after machine learning technology. Mammograms can be used to detect breast cancers with high precision with the help of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) which is deep learning technology. An exhaustive labeled data is required to train the CNN from scratch. This can be overcome by deploying Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) which comparatively needs lesser training data during a mammogram screening. In the proposed study, the application of GANs in estimating breast density, high-resolution mammogram synthesis for clustered microcalcification analysis, effective segmentation of breast tumor, analysis of the shape of breast tumor, extraction of features and augmentation of the image during mammogram classification have been extensively reviewed.

scholarly journals The Dynamic Interaction between Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Breast Tumor Progression

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1046
Author(s):  
Jorge Martinez ◽  
Patricio C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Breast Tumors ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Type I ◽  
Matrix Remodeling ◽  
Desmoplastic Reaction ◽  
The Impact

Desmoplastic tumors correspond to a unique tissue structure characterized by the abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix. Breast tumors are a typical example of this type of lesion, a property that allows its palpation and early detection. Fibrillar type I collagen is a major component of tumor desmoplasia and its accumulation is causally linked to tumor cell survival and metastasis. For many years, the desmoplastic phenomenon was considered to be a reaction and response of the host tissue against tumor cells and, accordingly, designated as “desmoplastic reaction”. This notion has been challenged in the last decades when desmoplastic tissue was detected in breast tissue in the absence of tumor. This finding suggests that desmoplasia is a preexisting condition that stimulates the development of a malignant phenotype. With this perspective, in the present review, we analyze the role of extracellular matrix remodeling in the development of the desmoplastic response. Importantly, during the discussion, we also analyze the impact of obesity and cell metabolism as critical drivers of tissue remodeling during the development of desmoplasia. New knowledge derived from the dynamic remodeling of the extracellular matrix may lead to novel targets of interest for early diagnosis or therapy in the context of breast tumors.

The role of proton therapy in the treatment of large irradiation volumes: a comparative planning study of pancreatic and biliary tumors

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Zurlo ◽  
Antony Lomax ◽  
Angelika Hoess ◽  
Thomas Bortfeld ◽  
Mariateresa Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Therapy ◽  
Planning Study

Immunotherapy: New insights in breast cancer treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Bader Alshehri
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Parp Inhibitor ◽  
Breast Cancer Treatment ◽  
New Treatment

Breast cancer being the most malignant and lethal disease persistent among women globally. Immunotherapy as a new treatment modality has emerged in understanding the loopholes in the treatment of breast cancer which is mainly attributed to the potential of tumor cells to evade and survive the immune response by developing various strategies. Therefore, improved understanding of the immune evasion by cancer cells and the monoclonal antibodies against PD- and PD-L1 can help us in the diagnosis of this malignancy. Here in this article, I have highlighted that in addition to focusing on other strategies for breast cancer treatment, the involvement of immune system in breast cancer is vital for the understanding of this malignancy. Further, the complete involvement of immune system in the relapse or recurrence of the breast tumor and have also highlighted the role of vaccines, PD-1 and CTLA-4 with the recent advances in the field. Moreover, in addition to the application of immunotherapy as a sole therapy, combinations of immunotherapy with various strategies like targeting it with MEK inhibitors, Vaccines, chemotherapy and PARP inhibitor has shown to have significant benefits is also discussed in this article.

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