scholarly journals Microarthropod population dynamics in a subtropical deciduous forest of the Eastern-Ghat hill range in India in response to variation in edaphic factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratik Acharya ◽  
Suryasikha Samal ◽  
C.S.K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Edaphic Factors ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Nutrient Pool ◽  
Soil Microarthropods

Abstract Background: Soil microarthropods are considered as major groups of soil fauna which facilitate the decomposition of organics in soil. In forests, the sustenance of nutrient pool is dependent on the density and diversity of these animals. Edaphic factors of habitat play vital role in species distribution of any region. Any changes in population structure of microarthropod may affect the ecosystem adversely. This study reports the seasonal variation of microarthropod population of the orders Collembola, Acari and Hymenoptera in five sampling zones, degraded (DF), dense mixed (DMF), open mixed (OMF), bamboo (BF) and wet land (WL) in a subtropical deciduous forest (Chandaka-Dampara) of Eastern India. Results: Seven species of Collembola and four species each of Acari and Hymenoptera were identified. Ecological indices did not show noticeable species diversity in different sampling zones of the forest. Heatmap analysis indicated high relative abundance of Collembola in WL irrespective of season. The abundance of Acari was high in OMF and DF, Hymenoptera in DMF and OMF for dry and wet season respectively. Wet season indicated significantly higher microarthropod population irrespective of species. The correlation colour matrix and principal component analysis (PCA) showed significant positive correlation of arthropod population with soil moisture and organic carbon. Significant population variation in the animal population were observed between dry and wet seasons. Conclusion: The forest floor was dominated by Collembola order of microarthropod species irrespective of sampling zone and season. Soil moisture and carbon contents in different seasons were found to be most sensitive growth regulators of microarthropod populations In Chandaka forest of Eastern India.

Soil Moisture based Automatic Irrigation System to Improve Water Productivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
PRADEEP H K ◽  
JASMA BALASANGAMESHWARA ◽  
K RAJAN ◽  
PRABHUDEV JAGADEESH
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Agricultural Water Management ◽  
Water Management System ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Crop Growth Stage ◽  
Experimental Findings

Irrigation automation plays a vital role in agricultural water management system. An efficient automatic irrigation system is crucial to improve crop water productivity. Soil moisture based irrigation is an economical and efficient approach for automation of irrigation system. An experiment was conducted for irrigation automation based on the soil moisture content and crop growth stage. The experimental findings exhibited that, automatic irrigation system based on the proposed model triggers the water supply accurately based on the real-time soil moisture values.

scholarly journals NOAA Satellite Soil Moisture Operational Product System (SMOPS) Version 3.0 Generates Higher Accuracy Blended Satellite Soil Moisture

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 2861
Author(s):  
Jifu Yin ◽  
Xiwu Zhan ◽  
Jicheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Product System ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
One Stop ◽  
Satellite Sensors ◽  
Blended Data

Soil moisture plays a vital role for the understanding of hydrological, meteorological, and climatological land surface processes. To meet the need of real time global soil moisture datasets, a Soil Moisture Operational Product System (SMOPS) has been developed at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to produce a one-stop shop for soil moisture observations from all available satellite sensors. What makes the SMOPS unique is its near real time global blended soil moisture product. Since the first version SMOPS publicly released in 2010, the SMOPS has been updated twice based on the users’ feedbacks through improving retrieval algorithms and including observations from new satellite sensors. The version 3.0 SMOPS has been operationally released since 2017. Significant differences in climatological averages lead to remarkable distinctions in data quality between the newest and the older versions of SMOPS blended soil moisture products. This study reveals that the SMOPS version 3.0 has overwhelming advantages of reduced data uncertainties and increased correlations with respect to the quality controlled in situ measurements. The new version SMOPS also presents more robust agreements with the European Space Agency’s Climate Change Initiative (ESA_CCI) soil moisture datasets. With the higher accuracy, the blended data product from the new version SMOPS is expected to benefit the hydrological, meteorological, and climatological researches, as well as numerical weather, climate, and water prediction operations.

scholarly journals Hydro-Geophysical Study for Well Design in Lower Reaches of Kasai River Basin, Eastern India

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjan Sinha ◽  
Shalivahan Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction ◽  
Well Design ◽  
Water Wells

Abstract Saltwater intrusion and up coning in coastal aquifer is a common phenomenon brought either due to flow of seawater into freshwater aquifer originally caused by groundwater abstraction near the coast or due to wrong casing design of water wells. This necessitates a study of aquifer disposition along with demarcation of fresh water saline water interface of Kasai River basin, Eastern India to determine the depth to freshwater and recommend the borehole design. In this study geophysical and hydrogeological techniques were employed to map to demarcate fresh and saline water interface. The phenomenon of saline water up coning is also noticed and accordingly water wells have been designed. For the said study, twenty two geophysical logs, sixty five lithological logs and hydrogeological data of eighty eight sites spread across Kasai River basin were utilized. The study shows that there are three regional aquifers exist in the area. It is recommended that water wells in the study area is to be constructed with artificial gravel packing of size 2-3mm and screen slot size is suggested to be 1.2mm. Since the sites are affected with saline water, hence isolation of zone is mandatory with proper cementing material or packer. This research work is able to develop a design model for the boreholes located in the area. The work as a whole will serve as a vital role in scientific management of groundwater resource and enable the rational planning in coastal aquifers so as to avoid fresh and saline water intermixing and up-coning.

scholarly journals Genome-wide genetic diversity, population structure and admixture analysis in Eritrean Indigenous Cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1083-1092
Author(s):  
S Goitom ◽  
M.G. Gicheha ◽  
F.K. Njonge ◽  
N Kiplangat
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Population Differentiation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Indigenous Cattle ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Genome Wide

Indigenous cattle play a vital role in subsistence and livelihood of pastoral producers in Eritrea. In order to optimally utilize and conserve these valuable indigenous cattle genetic resources, the need to carry out an inventory of their genetic diversity was recognized. This study assessed the genetic variability, population structure and admixture of the indigenous cattle populations (ICPs) of Eritrea using a genotype by sequencing (GBS) approach. The authors genotyped 188 animals, which were sampled from 27 cattle populations in three diverse agro-ecological zones (western lowlands, highlands and eastern lowlands). The genome-wide analysis results from this study revealed genetic diversity, population structure and admixture among the ICPs. Averages of the minor allele frequency (AF), observed heterozygosity (HO), expected heterozygosity (HE), and inbreeding coefficient (FIS) were 0.157, 0.255, 0.218, and -0.089, respectively. Nei’s genetic distance (Ds) between populations ranged from 0.24 to 0.27. Mean population differentiation (FST) ranged from 0.01 to 0.30. Analysis of molecular variance revealed high genetic variation between the populations. Principal component analysis and the distance-based unweighted pair group method and arithmetic mean analyses revealed weak substructure among the populations, separating them into three genetic clusters. However, multi-locus clustering had the lowest cross-validation error when two genetically distinct groups were modelled. This information about genetic diversity and population structure of Eritrean ICPs provided a basis for establishing their conservation and genetic improvement programmes. Keywords: genetic variability, molecular characterization, population differentiation

scholarly journals Comprehensive Analysis of The Significance of Hypoxia-Related Genes in Ovarian Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wancheng Zhao ◽  
Lili Yin
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Consensus Clustering ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Pca Algorithm

Abstract Background: Hypoxia-related genes have been reported to play important roles in a variety of cancers. However, their roles in ovarian cancer (OC) have remained unknown. The aim of our research was to explore the significance of hypoxia-related genes in OC patients.Methods: In this study, 15 hypoxia-related genes were screened from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to group the ovarian cancer patients using the consensus clustering method. Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to calculate the hypoxia score for each patient to quantify the hypoxic status. Results: The OC patients from TCGA-OV dataset were divided into two distinct hypoxia statuses (cluster.A and cluster.B) based on the expression level of the 15 hypoxia-related genes. Most hypoxia-related genes were expressed more highly in the cluster.A group than in the cluster.B group. We also found that patients in the cluster.A group exhibited higher expression of immune checkpoint-related genes, epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes, and immune activation-related genes, as well as elevated immune infiltrates. PCA algorithm indicated that patients in the cluster.A group had higher hypoxia scores than that in in the cluster.B group.Conclusions: In summary, our research elucidated the vital role of hypoxia-related genes in immune infiltrates of OC. Our investigation of hypoxic status may be able to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy for OC.

scholarly journals Exploring the Predictability of 30-Day Extreme Precipitation Occurrence Using a Global SST–SLP Correlation Network

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1013-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengqian Lu ◽  
Upmanu Lall ◽  
Jaya Kawale ◽  
Stefan Liess ◽  
Vipin Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Principal Component Regression ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Correlation Network ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Predictive Skill ◽  
Correlation Networks ◽  
Time Lagged

Abstract Correlation networks identified from financial, genomic, ecological, epidemiological, social, and climatic data are being used to provide useful topological insights into the structure of high-dimensional data. Strong convection over the oceans and the atmospheric moisture transport and flow convergence indicated by atmospheric pressure fields may determine where and when extreme precipitation occurs. Here, the spatiotemporal relationship among sea surface temperature (SST), sea level pressure (SLP), and extreme global precipitation is explored using a graph-based approach that uses the concept of reciprocity to generate cluster pairs of locations with similar spatiotemporal patterns at any time lag. A global time-lagged relationship between pentad SST anomalies and pentad SLP anomalies is investigated to understand the linkages and influence of the slowly changing oceanic boundary conditions on the development of the global atmospheric circulation. This study explores the use of this correlation network to predict extreme precipitation globally over the next 30 days, using a logistic principal component regression on the strong global dipoles found between SST and SLP. Predictive skill under cross validation and blind prediction for the occurrence of 30-day precipitation that is higher than the 90th percentile of days in the wet season is indicated for the selected global regions considered.

scholarly journals Localized basal area affects soil respiration temperature sensitivity in a coastal deciduous forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie C. Pennington ◽  
Nate G. McDowell ◽  
J. Patrick Megonigal ◽  
James C. Stegen ◽  
Ben Bond-Lamberty
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract. Soil respiration (Rs), the flow of CO2 from the soil surface to the atmosphere, is one of the largest carbon fluxes in the terrestrial biosphere. The spatial variability of Rs is both large and poorly understood, limiting our ability to robustly scale it in space. One factor in Rs spatial variability is the autotrophic contribution from plant roots, but it is uncertain how the presence of plants affects the magnitude and temperature sensitivity of Rs. This study used 1 year of Rs measurements to examine the effect of localized basal area on Rs in the growing and dormant seasons, as well as during moisture-limited times, in a temperate, coastal, deciduous forest in eastern Maryland, USA. In a linear mixed-effects model, tree basal area within a 5 m radius (BA5) exerted a significant positive effect on the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration. Soil moisture was the dominant control on Rs during the dry portions of the year, while soil moisture, temperature, and BA5 all exerted significant effects on Rs in wetter periods. Our results suggest that autotrophic respiration is more sensitive to temperature than heterotrophic respiration at these sites, although we did not measure these source fluxes directly, and that soil respiration is highly moisture sensitive, even in a record-rainfall year. The Rs flux magnitudes (0.46–15.0 µmol m−2 s−1) and variability (coefficient of variability 10 %–23 % across plots) observed in this study were comparable to values observed in similar forests. Six Rs observations would be required in order to estimate the mean across all study sites to within 50 %, and 518 would be required in order to estimate it to within 5 %, with 95 % confidence. A better understanding of the spatial interactions between plants and microbes, as well as the strength and speed of above- and belowground coupling, is necessary to link these processes with large-scale soil-to-atmosphere C fluxes.

scholarly journals Regionalization of Daily Soil Moisture Dynamics Using Wavelet-Based Multiscale Entropy and Principal Component Analysis

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqing Sun ◽  
Jun Niu
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Grid Cell ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Multiscale Entropy ◽  
Homogeneous Groups

Hydrological regionalization is a useful step in hydrological modeling and prediction. The regionalization is not always straightforward, however, due to the lack of long-term hydrological data and the complex multi-scale variability features embedded in the data. This study examines the multiscale soil moisture variability for the simulated data on a grid cell base obtained from a large-scale hydrological model, and clusters the grid-cell based soil moisture data using wavelet-based multiscale entropy and principal component analysis, over the Xijiang River basin in South China, for the period of 2002–2010. The effective regionalization, for 169 grid cells with the special resolution of 0.5° × 0.5°, produced homogeneous groups based on the pattern of wavelet-based entropy information. Four distinct modes explain 80.14% of the total embedded variability of the transformed wavelet power across different timescales. Moreover, the possible implications of the regionalization results for local hydrological applications, such as parameter estimation for an ungagged catchment and designing a uniform prediction strategy for a sub-area in a large-scale basin, are discussed.

scholarly journals Toward Sustainable Ferry Routes in Korea: Analysis of Operational Efficiency Considering Passenger Mobility Burdens

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8819
Author(s):  
Thi Quynh Mai Pham ◽  
Gunwoo Lee ◽  
Hwayoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Fuzzy C Means Clustering ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

With its long coastline, and numerous inlets and offshore islands, coastal ferry industries play a vital role in Korean maritime transportation. This study focuses on the southwestern part of Korea, Mokpo (which has the most inhabited islands and the highest proportion of elderly island residents), and aims to evaluate the impact of passengers’ mobility burdens on the efficiency of ferry routes to achieve a better service for passengers. Integrated principal component analysis–data envelopment analysis and a fuzzy C-means clustering method were applied to analyze the efficiency of ferry routes in the Mokpo area. The efficiency results indicate that longer routes do not always achieve high-efficiency scores. The proportion of general passengers appears to influence the efficiency improvements of both general and subsidiary ferry routes. These findings can assist in better comprehending the relationship between passengers’ mobility burdens and ferry route efficiencies; this will enable the authorities and ferry management departments to develop appropriate policies and strategies and to reconstruct certain features of the inefficient routes, thereby increasing operational efficiency, reducing mobility burdens, and improving the convenience of ferry travel and sustainability of Korean passenger routes.

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