scholarly journals Soil-transmitted Helminthiasis, Intestinal Protozoa and Clonorchiosis Infections in Southeast China: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Feng ◽  
Kegen Yu ◽  
Hualiang Chen ◽  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Qiaoyi Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Clonorchis Sinensis ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis

Abstract Background: The large scale epidemiology of parasitic diseases in Zhejiang Province has not been investigated since the second national survey.Methods: We investigated the distribution of three types of parasitic diseases (i.g. soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH), intestinal protozoa, and clonorchiosis) in Zhejiang province from late 2014 to 2015. Kato-Katz technique was used for STH and Clonorchis. Sinensis detection, transparent adhesive paper anal swab was used for pinworm detection, and iodine smear was for protozoa detection. Hookworm positive samples need to be cultured for identification of Ancylostmoma duodenale or Necator americanus. Results: 23,552 participants were included in this study (19,935 from rural area and 3,617 from urban area). The overall prevalence of any intestinal helminth infection was 1.800%. Seven species of helminth were found: A.duodenale, N.americanus, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, C. sinensis, Fasciolopsis buski and pinworm. The prevalence of STH infection was 1.711% (1.941% in rural area, 0.442% in urban area). Hookworm was the most prevalent infection (1.584%). Only 2.79% children were found for pinworm infection in rural area. 0.396% of the rural participants were infected protozoa, and Endolimax nana was the most prevalent (0.231%). C. Sinensis infected only one man. 89.135% of participants had good personal hygiene habits. The awareness of C. Sinensis was 24.467% and 45.963% in rural and in urban area, respectively. Conclusions: Comparing to the second national survey, the prevalence of STH and protozoa infections declined greatly and C. Sinensis infection was still rare in Zhejiang Province. However, hookworm, especially N.americanus was still a parasitic threat to population health. More health education about fertilization and farming habits should be provided in rural areas. The awareness of hookworm and C. Sinensis should be reinforced in both rural and urban areas.

scholarly journals Soil-transmitted helminths, intestinal protozoa and Clonorchis sinensis infections in southeast China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Feng ◽  
Kegen Yu ◽  
Hualiang Chen ◽  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Qiaoyi Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Clonorchis Sinensis ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Infection Pattern

Abstract Background Extensive parasitic diseases epidemiology in Zhejiang province has not been carried out since the second national survey in 2004. Therefore, dynamics in prevalence and infection pattern of the major intestinal parasites should be explored. Methods The distribution of three parasites including soil-transmitted helminths (STH), intestinal protozoa and C. sinensis in Zhejiang from 2014 to 2015 were explored. Kato-Katz technique was used for STH and C. sinensis detection, whereas transparent adhesive paper anal swab was used for pinworm detection, and iodine smear was used for protozoa detection. A questionnaire survey on alimentary habits and sanitary behaviors was conducted in half of the studied counties. Results This study recruited 23,552 participants: 19,935 from rural and 3617 from urban area. Overall prevalence of intestinal helminth infections was 1.80%. In this study, seven helminth species were identified including A. duodenale, N. americanus, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, C. sinensis, Fasciolopsis buski and pinworm. The average prevalence of STH infection was 1.71%: 1.94% in rural and 0.44% in urban area. Hookworm was the most prevalent infection at 1.58%: 1.79% in rural and 0.44% in urban area. Prevalence varied considerably in the studied counties. Prevalence was highest in Yongkang county at 10.25%. Only 2.79% of children from rural area were infected with pinworm. A proportion of 0.40% of rural participants were infected with protozoa, whereas Endolimax nana was the most prevalent at 0.23%. C. sinensis showed infection only in one man. Awareness on C. sinensis was 24.47% in rural and 45.96% in urban area, respectively. Conclusions Prevalence of STH and protozoa infections declined considerably whereas C. sinensis infections remained few in Zhejiang province compared with the prevalence reported in previous large scale surveys (19.56% for national STH infection in 2004, 18.66% and 4.57% for provincial STH and protozoa infection, respectively in 1999). The findings of this study showed that hookworm, mainly N. americanus remained a parasitic threat to population health, mainly in the central and western Zhejiang. Therefore, more health education regarding fertilization and farming habits is necessary in rural areas. The awareness concerning hookworm infection should be reinforced.

scholarly journals Epidemiological study on some endemic parasitic diseases to know the efficiency of the health system in the holy province of Karbala

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4195-4200
Author(s):  
Al-Zubaidi Hanan Abbas Majeed ◽  
Zainab Abed Muhsin AL-Haboobi ◽  
Shaima Abd Muhsin AL-Haboobi
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year

The increased incidence of the parasites is associated with various factors, including lack of community health awareness, unsafe, inadequate disposal of human waste, lack of safe drinking water, low socioeconomic status, and health system performance. To determine the prevalence of some endemic parasites such as intestinal parasites five years ago, so the study take protozoa parasite Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and one intestinal helminth pinworm Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) and the correlation of infections with age and sex in Karbala city. This study took cases examined in hospitals and health centers of the districts and the centre of the holy city of Karbala using the database of the Ministry of Health's Transitional Diseases Centre. It was conducted between 2015 and 2019 to study the efficiency of a health system and the levels of risky infectious diseases. Between 2015 and 2019, the conducted study was on three intestinal parasitic diseases. The study showed a significant difference in the level of infection with pinworm parasites. Infection of Enterobius vermicular increased by 32.8% in 2019 compared to previous years. In the meanwhile, Giardia lamblia decreased by 4.6%, followed by Endameba histolytic a by 3.6%, while the incidence of tissue amoeba parasites increased in 2015, followed by pinworms 2.4% and G.lamblia 2.9%. The study showed a significant difference. The studies also recorded a significant increase in the age group. Some of them were between the ages of more than one year and up to less than 45 years. This difference may be due to variation in sample size, seasonal variation, gene amebiasis, giardiasis, pinworm, parasite ral and personal hygiene, and public health services.

Perubahan Pemaknaan Peran Perempuan Muslim dalam Pengasuhan Anak di Pedesaan Kawasan Prambanan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muryanti Muryanti
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Rural Society ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Economic Reason ◽  
Domestic Worker

Muslim women worked in public sector in all variant jobs not only in urban area, but also in rural area phenomena. They had been doing it because of freedom, education, solidarity, or economic reason. When Muslim women worked in public sector, the new problems were appears, about care of children in the house as domestic work. These phenomenons were related to Indonesian’s culture and Islam perspective that believed the jobs of care of children was women burden. This article described about changing of meaning the role of Muslim women in the caring children. There were many institutions replaced care children, like day care etc. This article used qualitative research with observation and interview. The result of research, there were changing care of children in rural society. Before 2000, Muslim women were depend on family (extend family), neighbors, domestic worker, but in 2013, they prefered care of their children in the new institution (day care) because this institution gave early education to the child and save. But, majority Muslim women in this research believed that domestic works are their jobs.

INTESTINAL PARASITE INFECTION IN HUE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN 2013-2014 BY DIRECT EXAMINATION AND IMMUNOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS

2016 ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Nu Phuong Anh Ton ◽  
Thi Minh Chau Ngo
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Clonorchis Sinensis ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Life Condition ◽  
Parasite Infections

Introduction: Intestinalparasite infections still are very common in tropical country such as Vietnam. Therefore evaluation of the prevalence of them should be done. Materials and methods: A crosssectional descriptivestudy were carried out to use the wet mount direct examination, Kato and ELISA technique for evaluation the rate of intestinal parasite infections, interviewed them to reveal their life’s hygenic condition, knowledge and risk behaviour of intestinal parasite infections in 640 patients attending to the in Hue University of hospital. Result: The rate of soiltransmitted intestinal helminth were lower than the foodborne infection of cestode and trematode such as: Taenia solium/saginata 3.64%, Clonorchis sinensis 2.73%. The rate of positive antibody of rare intestinal parasite were Fasciola gigantica 40.68%, E. histolytica/dispar 43.75%, Toxocara canis 32.43%, Gnasthostoma spinigerum 37.5%, Taenia solium 51.43%, Strongyloidesstercoralis 16.67%. Most of people has hygenic life condition with hygenic water available. The popular knowledge of intestinal parasite diseases of transmission, pathology, prevention and treatment were concentrate on oiltransmittedintestinal helminth.There were high rate of platyhelminths infectious behaviourssuch as: eating raw water plant 75.6%, eating raw beef 80.6%, eating raw pork 72.2%, eating raw fish 11.8%, bare foot 34.2%. Conclusions: The result of our study showed that the higher rate of foodborne cestode and trematode than soiltransmittedhelminth correspond tothe hygenic life condition, the knowledge of the diseases and risk behavior of intestinal parasites infection. Key words: Helminth, cestode, trematode

scholarly journals Postharvest Burning of Crop Residues in Home Stoves in a Rural Site of Daejeon, Korea: Its Impact to Atmospheric Carbonaceous Aerosol

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Jin Sang Jung ◽  
Ji Hwan Kang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Crop Residue Burning ◽  
The Impact

To investigate the impact of burning postharvest crop residues in home stoves, PM2.5 samples (particulate matter with a diameter of <2.5 μm) were collected every 3 h at a rural site in Daejeon, Korea during the postharvest season in 2014. A high concentration of levoglucosan was observed with a peak value of 3.8 µg/m3 during the sampling period. The average mannosan/levoglucosan ratio (0.18) at the rural site during a severe BB episode (levoglucosan > 1 μg/m3) was similar to burnings of pepper stems (0.19) and bean stems (0.18) whereas the average OC/levoglucosan ratio (9.9) was similar to burning of pepper stems (10.0), implying that the severe BB episode was mainly attributed to burning of pepper stems. A very strong correlation was observed between levoglucosan and organic carbon (OC) (R2 = 0.81) during the entire sampling period, suggesting that the emission of organic aerosols at the rural site was strongly associated with the burning of crop residues in home stoves. The average mannosan/levoglucosan ratio (0.17 ± 0.06) in the rural area was similar to that in a nearby urban area in Daejeon (0.16 ± 0.04). It was concluded that crop residue burning in a home stove for space heating is one of the important sources of carbonaceous aerosols not only in a rural area but also in the urban area of Daejeon, Korea during the postharvest season.

scholarly journals Cryptosporidium hominis genotypes involved in increased incidence and clusters of cases, Navarra, Spain, 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 1033-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. FUENTES ◽  
C. MARTÍN ◽  
X. BERISTAIN ◽  
A. MAZÓN ◽  
J. M. SAUGAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Exposure ◽  
Cryptosporidium Hominis ◽  
Molecular Subtyping ◽  
The Future

SUMMARYTwo clusters of confirmed cryptosporidiosis infections were detected in Navarra, Spain, in the summer of 2012, in the context of an increased incidence in the region. Molecular subtyping of Cryptosporidium hominis determined that one cluster, occurring in an urban area, was due to the predominant circulating subtype IbA10G2R2 and the other cluster, with cases occurring in a rural area, was due to a rare subtype IaA18R3. No single exposure was associated with infection, although exposure to certain children's pools was reported by a majority of patients interviewed in each cluster. Genotyping tools were useful in the investigation and could aid investigation of cryptosporidiosis outbreaks in Spain in the future.

scholarly journals Consumption Rates and Use Patterns of Firewood and Charcoal in Urban and Rural Communities in Yedashe Township, Myanmar

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zar Win ◽  
Nobuya Mizoue ◽  
Tetsuji Ota ◽  
Tsuyoshi Kajisa ◽  
Shigejiro Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fuel Use ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Consumption Rates

There is concern over the environmental impact of charcoal use for cooking in urban areas; however, studies have mainly been limited to Africa and South Asia. This investigation aimed to evaluate woodfuel consumption rates and patterns in an urban area in Yedashe Township, Myanmar and compared them with results from a rural area in the same township. From interviews with 66 urban households, it was evident that firewood and charcoal consumption rates in the urban area were about one-third and one-fourth, respectively, of those in the rural area. These low consumption rates were because of multiple-fuel use (mainly woodfuel and electricity) in the urban area in contrast to single-fuel use in the rural area. We estimated the forest area required to meet woodfuel demand of the whole township to be 3738 ha; that could decrease by almost 40% (1592 ha) if the single-fuel use in the rural area switched to the multiple-fuel methods used in the urban area. This study confirms that urbanization with an “energy stack” in multiple-fuel use, rather than an “energy ladder” from firewood to charcoal, could largely reduce the environmental impact on forests.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON AWARENESS AND HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE IN RURALAND URBAN MEERUT

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-67
Author(s):  
Harivansh Chopra ◽  
Tanveer Bano ◽  
Niharika Verma ◽  
Gargi Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Economics Of Health ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Rural And Urban Area

Universal Health Coverage aims to provide essential health services to all while providing protection from catastrophic expenditure on health. To mitigate the economics of health expenditure, health insurance is one of the important tool. Hence, this study was conducted to nd out the awareness and practice of health insurance coverage in rural and urban Meerut.90 households were studied in both rural and urban area. Awareness was higher in urban area but coverage was higher in rural area. Awareness and coverage were found to be signicantly associated with poverty status in rural area of Meerut.

scholarly journals The seasonal variability of the amount of global solar radiation reaching the ground in urban and rural areas on the example of Warsaw and Belsk

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Kinga Nelken ◽  
Kamil Leziak
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Urban Station ◽  
Reverse Relationship ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to determine the contemporary differences in the inflow of global solar radiation in Warsaw (urban station) and Belsk (rural station). The meteorological data used comprised daily sums of global solar radiation (in MJ•m−2) and the duration of sunshine (in hours) for the period 2008 2014. On clear days in spring and summer, the rural area receives more solar radiation in comparison to the urban area, whereas in autumn a reverse relationship occurs. On cloudy days in all seasons, the rural area receives more solar radiation than the urban area, and the relationship is the strongest in winter. Differences between urban and rural areas on cloudy days are smaller than those observed on clear days.

scholarly journals Assessment of Women participation in Agriculture in Vavuniya district, Sri Lanka

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
Gopalakrishnan Tharani ◽  
Mohamed Sameem Roshan Akther ◽  
Nanthakumaran Ananthini
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Women Participation

An attempt was made to assess the women contribution towards agriculture in Vavuniya district, Sri Lanka. 60 farm family households' women were randomly selected from rural and urban area of Kovilkulam AI region of Vavuniya district in Sri Lanka and the data were collected by constructed questionnaire. The objectives of this study are to identify the factors contributing women participation in agriculture, to identify the constraints faced by the women in participating agriculture and to evaluate the women participation in decision making activity in agriculture. Minitab 15 and MS excel were used for data analysis. The level of women participation in agricultural activities was found out using chi-square test and the factors contributing for women participation in agricultural activities were identified using multiple regression analysis in urban and rural areas separately (α=0.05). The results revealed that 90% of the rural women respondents and 50% of the urban respondents participated in the agricultural activities which is a significant difference. The mean values of women participation in agricultural activities in urban and rural areas were 77 hours and 836 hours per annum respectively. The multiple regression model for women participation in urban area found that the participation of women negatively correlated with status of employment, age and education level (p=0.000). In rural area, age and educational level were negatively influencing on women participation in agricultural activities (p=0.000). R-square values of fitted regression models were 72 % and 91% in urban and rural area respectively 72% and 91% variation in respective women participation were explained by these models. The obstacles for the women in participation in agricultural activities were reported as lack of knowledge and training in agriculture field, family burden, cultural and social barriers and physical constraints. 60% of women from rural areas and 90% of women from urban areas were involved in decision making especially in the selection of crops and varieties for planting and livestock rearing. Enhancing the awareness and the technical knowledge to the women in the field of agriculture would contribute to increase income from agriculture at household level, district level and finally at national level. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 3, Issue-3: 159-162

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