scholarly journals The influence of composition and structure parent tree stand on state of vitality spruce undergrowth of different phenological forms

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.С. Матвеева ◽  
Н.В. Беляева ◽  
Д.А. Данилов
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Tree Stand ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Parent Tree ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Structure Parent

В статье рассматривается зависимость состояния жизнеспособности молодого поколения ели разных фенологических форм от состава и строения материнского полога древостоя. Анализ проводился в зеленомошной группе типов леса в условиях Ленинградской области. Целью данной работы было выявить особенности взаимосвязи между материнским пологом древостоя, распределением естественного возобновления ели по фенологическим формам и его состоянием жизнеспособности в регионе исследования. Дисперсионный анализ влияния фактора материнского древостоя на количество жизнеспособного подроста ели подтвердил значимость этого фактора. При увеличении доли ели в составе материнского древостоя, с увеличением относительной полноты древостоя, его возраста и запаса уменьшается доля жизнеспособного подроста ели ранораспускающейся и переходной фенологических форм. При этом доля нежизнеспособного подроста этих форм увеличивается, как и доля позднораспускающейся формы независимо от состояния жизнеспособности. Эта закономерность позволяет сделать вывод, что на состояние жизнеспособности молодого поколения ели, а также на его распределение по фенологическим формам значительно влияет степень освещенности под пологом древостоя. Анализ состояния подроста ели в зависимости от типа леса показал, что с уменьшением почвенного плодородия и влажности доля жизнеспособного подроста ранней и переходной форм уменьшается, а доля поздней – увеличивается. При этом доля нежизнеспособного подроста всех фенологических форм увеличивается. Из этого можно сделать заключение, что на состояние жизнеспособности подроста ели разных фенологических форм влияет не только освещенность под пологом древостоя, но и плодородие почвы, его физические и химические свойства. Анализ влияния этого фактора статистически подтвердился. В результате про- ведённых исследований можно сделать вывод, о том, что в условиях средней тайги такие факторы, как тип леса и состав древостоя в большей степени влияют на состояние жизнеспособности подроста ели разных фенологических форм. This article presents the dependence of state of vitality spruce undergrowth of different phenological forms from composition and structure parent tree stand. The analysis was carried out in pleurocarpous moss group of forest type in Leningrad region. The aim of this study was to identify the features of the relationship between parent tree stand, proportion of phenological forms spruce undergrowth and his state of vtality in the study area. Analysis of variance for the influence of the parent stand on the number of viable young growth of spruce confirmed the importance of this factor. With increasing participation spruce in forest stand composition, with increasing relative density forest stand, his age and growing stock participation viable undergrowth early blooming and intergrade forms are decreasing. Therewith quantity inviable undergrowth these forms and participation late blooming form both viable and inviable are increasing. This regularity allows to make a conclusion that luminance under tree stand canopy is influencing on a state of vitality spruce undergrowth and his proportion of phenological forms. The analysis of state of vitality spruce undergrowth depending on forest type revealed that with decreasing of soil fertility and moisture the participation viable undergrowth early blooming and intergrade forms are decreasing and the participation late blooming form is increasing. Therewith participation inviable spruce undergrowth all phenological forms are increasing. From which it follows that on state of vitality spruce undergrowth of different phenological forms influences not only luminance under stand canopy but also fertility of soil, his physical and chemical properties. Analysis of the influence of this factor is statistically confirmed. As a result of undertake a study inference should be drawn that in middle taiga such factors as forest type and parent stand composition more influences on a state of vitality of different phenological forms spruce undergrowth.

scholarly journals Structure of Undergrowth of Spruce in Different Phenological Forms on Height Depending on the Composition and Structure of Forest Stand

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-129
Author(s):  
Антонина Матвеева ◽  
Antonina Matveeva ◽  
Наталия Беляева ◽  
Nataliia Beliaeva ◽  
Дмитрий Данилов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Composition And Structure

The article deals with the interrelation of forest canopy of trees and high-rise structures of spruce undergrowth of different phenological forms in pleurocarpous moss group of forest type in conditions of Leningrad region. The analysis of high-rise structures of different phenological forms depending on the composition and structure of forest in the most represented types of forests in Leningrad region is made. For further insights on the role of composition and structure of forest stand as factors determining high-rise structure of different phenological forms of undergrowth of spruce, analysis of variance was conducted. Decrease in the share of large height spruce undergrowth of all phenological forms in the increase of participation of spruce in the growing stock, with increasing elative completeness of forest stand, its age and stock, allowed to conclude that the structure of natural regeneration of spruce on height is affected by the degree of illumination under the canopy of forest stand. Analysis of altitudinal structure of spruce undergrowth in different phenological forms in height, depending on forest type showed that proportion of the undergrowth of all phenological forms is higher in dry forest types than in wet forest. From this we can conclude that high-rise structure of spruce undergrowth in different phenological forms is influenced not only by illuminance under the canopy of the forest, but also fertility of soil, its physical and chemical properties. Conducted analysis of variance confirmed statistically significant dependence of this factor. As a result of conducted research it can be concluded, that in conditions of middle taiga of all biocenotic factors factors, forest type and composition of stands have greater influence on high-rise structure of phenological forms of spruce undergrowth.

scholarly journals FITOSSOCIOLOGIA DE UMA FLORESTA PLUVIAL SUBTROPICAL PRIMÁRIA NO SUL DO BRASIL

FLORESTA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Paulo De Maçaneiro ◽  
Rafaela Cristina Seubert ◽  
Lauri Amândio Schorn
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Euterpe Edulis ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Forest Remnants

Em Santa Catarina, a Floresta Pluvial Subtropical encontra-se alterada, sobretudo em sua composição e estrutura. Assim, trabalhos que caracterizem os remanescentes florestais são importantes, pois podem servir de base para estudos de meta-análise. Neste trabalho, foi caracterizada a composição e a estrutura de uma Floresta Pluvial Subtropical e comparou-se a composição de espécies dessa floresta com outras da mesma fitofisionomia. A vegetação foi amostrada em 25 parcelas de 400 m², em que foram medidos os indivíduos com DAP ≥ 5 cm. Foram amostrados 1.727 indivíduos, distribuídos em 144 espécies, 91 gêneros e 45 famílias. Myrtaceae, Lauraceae e Fabaceae foram as famílias mais ricas, com destaque para os gêneros Ocotea, Myrcia e Eugenia. As espécies com maior percentual de importância foram Euterpe edulis Mart., Sloanea guianensis (Aubl.) Benth., Ocotea aciphylla (Nees & Mart.) Mez e Tapirira guianensis Aubl. Foram detectados dois grupos florísticos que se formaram devido à proximidade geográfica, sendo o primeiro grupo formado pelos estudos realizados na região sul-catarinense e o segundo por estudos realizados na região do Vale do Itajaí. Os resultados indicaram que a floresta é composta por espécies clímax tolerantes à sombra e pode ser caracterizada como um remanescente de vegetação bem conservado, indicando sua importância para conservação.AbstractPhytosociology of a primary Subtropical Rain Forest in southern Brazil. The Subtropical Rain Forest is altered in Santa Catarina regarding its composition and structure. Thus, the studies that focus on these forest remnants are important because they can consist as a basis for meta-analysis. In this work research we intend to characterize the composition and structure of a Subtropical Rain Forest stand and compare the species composition of this stand with others in the same forest type. The vegetation was sampled through 25 sample plots of 400 m², where individuals with DBH ≥ 5 cm were measured. We sampled 1,727 individuals belonging to 144 species, 91 genus and 45 families. Myrtaceae, Lauraceae and Fabaceae were the richest families, especially the Ocotea, Eugenia and Myrcia genus. The species with the highest importance percentual were Euterpe edulis Mart., Sloanea guianensis (Aubl.) Benth., Ocotea aciphylla (Nees & Mart.) Mez, Tapirira guianensis Aubl. We detected two floristic groups formed due to geographical proximity; the first was formed by studies conducted in the southern region and the second by studies conducted in the Itajaí Valley. Our results indicated that the studied forest stand is composed primarily of shade-tolerant climax species and can be characterized as a well-preserved forest remnant. The results indicate the importance of this area for conservation.Keywords: Composition; structure; ecological groups; similarity; Itajaí Valley.

scholarly journals General assessment of natural reforestation by the prevailing species, types of forest and types of growing conditions on the territory of the Lisinsky part of the Leningrad Region Training and Experimental Forestry

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-83
Author(s):  
С.В. Тетюхин ◽  
М.В. Павская
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Middle Taiga ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Electronic Database ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Complete Dominance ◽  
Taiga Forest ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Over 40 Years

Целью исследования являлось изучение естественного лесовозобновления в условиях средней тайги таежной лесорастительной зоны РФ на основе массовых данных лесоустройства, в которых отражена информация о ходе естественного лесовозобновления. Поставленная задача была решена с помощью электронной повыдельной базы данных объекта исследования, включающая в себя информацию, необходимую для общей оценки подроста хозяйственно ценных пород. Оценка естественного лесовозобновления была проведена по шкале оценки возобновления. Из общей электронной базы были отобраны все выделы естественного происхождения в возрасте преобладающей породы основного яруса старше 4-го класса возраста, т. е. хвойные старше 80 лет и мягколиственные старше 40 лет. Общий объем выборки составил 6533 выдела площадью 16814,2 га. В целом на 32,7% площади таксационных выделов, наблюдается полное отсутствие подроста хозяйственно ценных пород. Структура породного состава подроста характеризуется практически полным доминированием елового подроста. Оптимальные условия для естественного лесовозобновления ели создаются в черничниках (встречаемость 99,8%) и в кисличниках – встречаемость 98,4%. Максимальный процент подроста с оценкой хорошо по преобладающей на выделе древесной породе (35% от всех выделов с подростом) оказался в сосняках кисличного типа леса в свежих суборях. The aim of the study was to study natural reforestation in the middle taiga of the taiga forest zone of the Russian Federation on the basis of mass forest management data, which reflects information about the progress of preliminary reforestation. The task was solved with the help of an electronic database of the research object, which includes the information necessary for the overall assessment of the undergrowth of economically valuable breeds. The assessment of natural reforestation was carried out on the basis of the renewal assessment scale. From the general electronic database of data, all natural-origin selections were selected at the age of the predominant breed of the main tier older than the 4th age class, i.e. coniferous over 80 years old and softleaved over 40 years old. The total sample size was 6,533 allotments with an area of 16,814. 2 hectares. In general, on 32.7% of the area of taxation allotments, there is a complete absence of undergrowth of economically valuable breeds. The structure of the breed composition of the undergrowth is characterized by almost complete dominance of spruce undergrowth. Optimal conditions for the natural reforestation of spruce are created in blueberry forests (99.8% occurrence) and in acid forests-98.4% occurrence. The maximum percentage of undergrowth with a rating of good for the wood species prevailing in the allotment (35% of all allotments with the adolescent) was found in the pine forests of the acidic forest type in fresh sub-forests.

scholarly journals Mixed pine and spruce stands in the Luga-Volkhov and Valdai-Tikhvin landscape districts of the Leningrad Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 941 (1) ◽  
pp. 012007
Author(s):  
D.A. Danilov ◽  
A.A. Yakovlev ◽  
L. S. Bogdanova ◽  
A.K. Boitsov ◽  
S.A. Suvorov
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Tree Stand ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Landscape Mosaics ◽  
Spruce Stands

Abstract Pine- and spruce-dominatedmixed stands occupy a substantial part of the forested area. Depending on soil and hydrological conditions of different landscapes, stands of different forest types and tree stand composition dominate. Modern forestry is focused on growing monodominant stands, but it is worth noting that mixed stands have higher productivity and stability. This work is devoted to identifying the patterns of distribution of mixed stands by forest type in different geographic landscapes. For the study, two landscape districts of the Leningrad Region (Valdaysko-Tikhvinsky and Luzhsko-Volkhovsky) with landscape mosaics of different structure were selected. The dominant forest types and types of mixed forest stands were determined by summing the areas of each plant association. To carry out the calculations, data of the state forest inventory of the Leningrad Region were used. In the course of this study, it was found that blueberry forest type was the most common forest type in mixed stands. Most of the landscapes of the study region were dominated by spruce-deciduous stands, but in some landscapes with hilly relief, a predominance of spruce-pine stands was observed.

Modelling growing stock volume of forest stands with various ALS area-based approaches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Parkitna ◽  
Grzegorz Krok ◽  
Stanisław Miścicki ◽  
Krzysztof Ukalski ◽  
Marek Lisańczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Boosted Regression Trees ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Stock Volume

Abstract Airborne laser scanning (ALS) is one of the most innovative remote sensing tools with a recognized important utility for characterizing forest stands. Currently, the most common ALS-based method applied in the estimation of forest stand characteristics is the area-based approach (ABA). The aim of this study was to analyse how three ABA methods affect growing stock volume (GSV) estimates at the sample plot and forest stand levels. We examined (1) an ABA with point cloud metrics, (2) an ABA with canopy height model (CHM) metrics and (3) an ABA with aggregated individual tree CHM-based metrics. What is more, three different modelling techniques: multiple linear regression, boosted regression trees and random forest, were applied to all ABA methods, which yielded a total of nine combinations to report. An important element of this work is also the empirical verification of the methods for estimating the GSV error for individual forest stand. All nine combinations of the ABA methods and different modelling techniques yielded very similar predictions of GSV for both sample plots and forest stands. The root mean squared error (RMSE) of estimated GSV ranged from 75 to 85 m3 ha−1 (RMSE% = 20.5–23.4 per cent) and from 57 to 64 m3 ha−1 (RMSE% = 16.4–18.3 per cent) for plots and stands, respectively. As a result of the research, it can be concluded that GSV modelling with the use of different ALS processing approaches and statistical methods leads to very similar results. Therefore, the choice of a GSV prediction method may be more determined by the availability of data and competences than by the requirement to use a particular method.

scholarly journals Bimetallic Nanocrystals: Structure, Controllable Synthesis and Applications in Catalysis, Energy and Sensing

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1926
Author(s):  
Gaojie Li ◽  
Wenshuang Zhang ◽  
Na Luo ◽  
Zhenggang Xue ◽  
Qingmin Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Controlled Synthesis ◽  
Controllable Synthesis ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Bimetallic Nanocrystals ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In recent years, bimetallic nanocrystals have attracted great interest from many researchers. Bimetallic nanocrystals are expected to exhibit improved physical and chemical properties due to the synergistic effect between the two metals, not just a combination of two monometallic properties. More importantly, the properties of bimetallic nanocrystals are significantly affected by their morphology, structure, and atomic arrangement. Reasonable regulation of these parameters of nanocrystals can effectively control their properties and enhance their practicality in a given application. This review summarizes some recent research progress in the controlled synthesis of shape, composition and structure, as well as some important applications of bimetallic nanocrystals. We first give a brief introduction to the development of bimetals, followed by the architectural diversity of bimetallic nanocrystals. The most commonly used and typical synthesis methods are also summarized, and the possible morphologies under different conditions are also discussed. Finally, we discuss the composition-dependent and shape-dependent properties of bimetals in terms of highlighting applications such as catalysis, energy conversion, gas sensing and bio-detection applications.

scholarly journals Effect of the Matrix on the 1.5μm Photoluminescence of Er-Doped Silicon Quantum Dots

2006 ◽  
Vol 514-516 ◽  
pp. 1116-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Fátima Cerqueira ◽  
Margarita Stepikhova ◽  
Maria Losurdo ◽  
Teresa Monteiro ◽  
Manuel J. Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nanocrystalline Silicon ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Silicon Thin Films ◽  
Erbium Ions ◽  
Deposition Parameters ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Er Doped ◽  
The Impact

Erbium doped nanocrystalline silicon thin films were produced by reactive magnetron r.f. sputtering. Their structural and chemical properties were studied by micro-Raman, spectroscopic ellipsometry and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. Films with different crystalline fraction and crystallite size were deposited by changing the deposition parameters. The impact of the composition and structure of Erbium ions environment on the 1.5 µm photoluminescence is discussed.

Organic C and nutrients in surface soils from some primary rainforests, derived grasslands and secondary rainforests on the Atherton Tableland in North East Queensland

Soil Research ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Maggs ◽  
B Hewett
Keyword(s):  
Metamorphic Rock ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Organic C ◽  
North East ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Labile N

Some long term effects of (a) converting rainforest to grassland, and (b) rainforest regeneration on cleared land were investigated by comparing chemical properties of mineral soil (0-10 cm depth) from beneath primary rainforest, derived grassland and old secondary rainforest. Grasslands and secondary rainforest. were on land cleared at least 50 years ago. The study was undertaken on the Atherton Tableland in north east Queensland using soils formed on basalt, granite and metamorphic rocks. Organic C, kjeldahl N and labile N were 15-50% lower (P < 0.05) beneath grassland than primary rainforest for all soils, and were higher beneath secondary rainforest than grassland. Exchangeable Ca varied in a similar way in basaltic soils but did not differ between vegetation types in the other soils. Extractable Al was lower under grassland than either forest type for soils formed on granite and metamorphic rock. Total and organic P concentrations did not differ between primary forest and grassland, but were lowest under secondary rainforest for soils on metamorphic rock.

scholarly journals Comparing Grazed and Ungrazed Forests in Kansas

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Schmidt ◽  
Mark H. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Juniperus Virginiana ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Eastern Redcedar ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Stock Volume

Abstract Differences between grazed and ungrazed forestlands in Kansas were investigated based on a statewide sample of all forestlands. Grazing forestlands was found to have a significant relationship to the quality and quantity of trees on forestlands, as seen in lower levels of total volume and growing-stock volume when compared to ungrazed forestlands. In addition, grazed forestlands showed lower average basal areas, younger average stand ages, lower potential productivities, and increased percentages of bare ground. Compared to forestlands without grazing, forestlands with grazing had higher levels of eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) seedling regeneration and lower levels of preferred hardwood species regeneration in several forest type groups. Land managers can use these results in their decision-making process concerning whether to graze their deciduous forests. North. J. Appl. For. 15(4):216-221.

scholarly journals The composition and structure of mature aspen forests in Lisinsky Forestry Unit of the Leningrad region

2020 ◽  
Vol 574 ◽  
pp. 012087
Author(s):  
V T Yarmishko ◽  
A F Potokin ◽  
O I Antonov ◽  
O V Ignatieva ◽  
E A Kapitsa
Keyword(s):  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Composition And Structure
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