scholarly journals Characteristics of Pinus sibirica Du Tour mycotrophy in cedar stands of Tomsk region

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
О.Б. Вайшля ◽  
К.С. Карбышева ◽  
О.Г. Бендер
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Exploration Types ◽  
Exploration Type ◽  
Tomsk Region

В припоселковых кедровниках южной тайги Томской области исследовали образцы эктомикориз Pinus sibirica, собранные с корней подроста или из почвенных образцов. Для DEEMY-анализа отбирали живые, функционирующие эктомикоризы. Срезы эктомикориз делали на замораживающем микротоме МЗ-2, изучая их параметры с помощью микроскопа Axiostar plus, видеокамеры Watec LCL 217 и программного обеспечения SIAMS MesoPlant. Возраст сеянцев определяли при помощи прибора LinTab-6 Tree-ring Station . Выделение ДНК, ПЦР проводили по протоколам наборов Quiagen. Результаты обрабатывали по алгоритму анализа ANOVA и многофакторной модели дисперсионного анализа (Statistica 10). Выявлено, что параметры ширина мезодермы , радиус центрального проводящего цилиндра и ширина грибной мантии коррелируют друг с другом. В возрастной группе 1 корреляции сохранялись, в возрастной группе 2 связь между параметрами отсутствовала. У подроста кедра при увеличении размеров корня достоверно увеличивалась и толщина грибной мантии. Анализ сиквенсов ITS регионов рибосомальных генов ДНК показал, что туберкулизированные эктомикоризы образованы Suillus sibiricus, простые эктомикоризы, покрытые белыми гидрофобными гифами, формирует Cortinarius sp., ветвящиеся эктомикоризы с желтыми гидрофобными ризоморфами Piloderma olivaceum. Результаты выявили высокую частоту встречаемости контактных эктомикориз в фитоценозе с максимальной густотой стояния деревьев в кедраче пос. Зоркальцево. В Лоскутовском кедровнике и в Тимирязево, с наибольшим распространением стратегии со средней дистанцией действия (Medium distance exploration type), индекс сомкнутости крон составляет 0,40,6. Оптимальное состояние Лоскутовского кедровника, вероятно, объясняет обнаруженное здесь большое разнообразие и видов эктомикоризообразующих макромицетов, и всех трех exploration типов: и Contact, и Medium, и Short. Samples of Pinus sibirica ectomycorrhizal tips form seedlings roots and soil samples were examined in cedar forests of Tomsk region southern taiga. Alive and functioning ectomycorrhizas were selected for DEEMY-analysis. Ectomycorrhizal tips cross sections were performed with an MZ-2 freezing microtome, their parameters were studied with an Axiostar plus microscope, a Watec LCL 217 video camera and SIAMS MesoPlant software. Seedlings age was determined with a LinTab-6 Tree-ring Station . DNA isolation, PCR were performed according to Quiagen kit protocols. The results were processed with one-way ANOVA test (Statistica 10). It is shown that width of cortex , stele radius and mantle width parameters correlate with each other. The width of fungal mantle increased with the increasing root sizes. The correlations remained in the Age group 1, there were found no correlations between the parameters in the Age group 2. The analysis of DNA ribosomal genes ITS regions sequences showed that tuberculate ectomycorrhizas were formed by Suillus sibiricus, unramified ectomycorrhizas with white hydrophobic rhizomorphs were formed by Cortinarius sp., ramified ectomycorrhiza with yellow hydrophobic rhizomorphs were formed by Piloderma olivaceum. High occurrence of Contact exploration type ectomycorrhizas was registered in Zorkaltsevo biotop with thehighest degree of tree density. Medium distance exploration type was common in Loskutovo and Timiryazevo where the degree of tree density was 0.40.6. The optimal state of Loskutovo biotope probably explains the high diversity of ectomycorrhizal macromycetes species and the exploration types (Contact, Medium, and Short) balance registered in the site.

3-D reconstruction and analysis of mammalian mitotic spindle structure

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 578-579
Author(s):  
Kent McDonald ◽  
David Mastronarde ◽  
Rubai Ding ◽  
Eileen O'Toole ◽  
J. Richard McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Mitotic Spindles ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Spindle Structure ◽  
Tissue Culture Line

Mammalian spindles are generally large and may contain over a thousand microtubules (MTs). For this reason they are difficult to reconstruct in three dimensions and many researchers have chosen to study the smaller and simpler spindles of lower eukaryotes. Nevertheless, the mammalian spindle is used for many experimental studies and it would be useful to know its detailed structure.We have been using serial cross sections and computer reconstruction methods to analyze MT distributions in mitotic spindles of PtK cells, a mammalian tissue culture line. Images from EM negatives are digtized on a light box by a Dage MTI video camera containing a black and white Saticon tube. The signal is digitized by a Parallax 1280 graphics device in a MicroVax III computer. Microtubules are digitized at a magnification such that each is 10-12 pixels in diameter.

Video Graphics and High-Voltage Electron Microscopy For Analysis of Microtubule Distributions In Fixed Cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 524-525
Author(s):  
Richard Mcintosh ◽  
David Mastronarde ◽  
Kent McDonald ◽  
Rubai Ding
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Computer Memory ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Morphogenetic Event ◽  
Set Of Points

Microtubules (MTs) are cytoplasmic polymers whose dynamics have an influence on cell shape and motility. MTs influence cell behavior both through their growth and disassembly and through the binding of enzymes to their surfaces. In either case, the positions of the MTs change over time as cells grow and develop. We are working on methods to determine where MTs are at different times during either the cell cycle or a morphogenetic event, using thin and thick sections for electron microscopy and computer graphics to model MT distributions.One approach is to track MTs through serial thin sections cut transverse to the MT axis. This work uses a video camera to digitize electron micrographs of cross sections through a MT system and create image files in computer memory. These are aligned and corrected for relative distortions by using the positions of 8 - 10 MTs on adjacent sections to define a general linear transformation that will align and warp adjacent images to an optimum fit. Two hundred MT images are then used to calculate an “average MT”, and this is cross-correlated with each micrograph in the serial set to locate points likely to correspond to MT centers. This set of points is refined through a discriminate analysis that explores each cross correlogram in the neighborhood of every point with a high correlation score.

Seasonal shift in the climate responses of Pinus sibirica, Pinus sylvestris, and Larix sibirica trees from semi-arid, north-central Mongolia

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1242-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis De Grandpré ◽  
Jacques C. Tardif ◽  
Amy Hessl ◽  
Neil Pederson ◽  
France Conciatori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Larix Sibirica ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Mongolia ◽  
False Rings ◽  
Seasonal Shift ◽  
Semi Arid

In light of a significant increase in the warming trend observed in recent decades in semi-arid Mongolia, tree-ring attributes and anomalies were analysed to detect potential changes in the growth–climate relationship. In a moisture-limited environment, an increase in temperature could cause a shift in the seasonal response of trees to climate. Chronologies were developed for the dominant tree species (Larix sibirica Ledeb., Pinus sibirica Du Tour, and Pinus sylvestris L.) from north-central Mongolia. In addition to annual ring width, both earlywood and latewood width were measured, and tree-ring anomalies such as false rings and light rings were systematically identified. Earlywood width was mainly associated with precipitation in the year prior to ring formation and early growing season conditions. Temperature was associated with current year growth and mainly influenced latewood development. False rings were good indicators of early summer droughts, whereas light rings were mainly associated with a cold end of summer. A seasonal shift in the significance of monthly climate variables was observed in recent decades. This displacement presumably resulted from changes in the timing and duration of the growing season. Tree growth starts earlier in spring and is now affected by late summer to early autumn climate conditions.

Centroid of wood density, bole eccentricity, and tree-ring width in relation to vector winds in wave forests

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Circular Statistics ◽  
Tree Ring Width ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Vector ◽  
Vector Wind ◽  
Densitometric Data

Circular statistics are used to analyse directional data inherent in X-ray densitometric data that pertain to cross-sectional discs sampled from balsam fir wave forest trees at Spirity Cove, Newfoundland. The analysis concentrates on directionality of centroids of mean wood density, bole eccentricity, and tree-ring width in eight directions from the pith. The results show that the centroid of mean wood density, bole cross sections, and mean tree-ring width are significantly directional and correspond closely with the mean vector wind direction.

Chemical pretreatment of Thuja occidentalis tree rings: implications for dendroisotopic studies

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1777-1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Au ◽  
Jacques C. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Chemical Pretreatment ◽  
Broad Distribution ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
Wood Component ◽  
Isotopic Signatures

Whether or not extractives, lignin, and (or) hemicelluloses, all of which have specific isotopic signatures, should be removed prior to dendroisotopic analysis is still debated. This study reports the range of modern tree-ring δ13C values of cellulose from Thuja occidentalis L., a species that has been under-utilized in dendroisotopic research despite its broad distribution and great longevity in North America. The main objective of the study was to recommend a wood component from T. occidentalis to isolate for future δ13C dendroisotopic analyses. Annually resolved tree-ring decadal segments common to eight T. occidentalis trees were excised from cross sections and homogenized. The tree-ring decadal segment from each tree was then chemically processed from untreated whole wood to extractive-free wood, to holocellulose, and to α-cellulose. Subsamples were analyzed for δ13C, percent carbon, and percent yield after each stage of chemical treatment. We recommend that holocellulose be extracted for T. occidentalis, as the α-cellulose yield may be too low when tree-ring samples are very small. The δ13C values for T. occidentalis tree rings were found to be enriched with respect to those for needle-leaved conifers but in close agreement with those reported in the literature for other scale-leaved evergreens.

WIGGLE-MATCH DATING OF A FLOATING OAK CHRONOLOGY FROM AN EARLY IRON AGE GRAVE CONSTRUCTION (ERESZTVÉNYI FOREST, FEHÉRVÁRCSURGÓ, HUNGARY)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Z Kern ◽  
B Jungbert ◽  
A Morgós ◽  
M Molnár ◽  
E Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Construction Period ◽  
Eastern Border ◽  
Matching Procedure ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACT Archaeological excavations unearthed three burial mounds between 1983 and 1986 at Fehérvárcsurgó (Hungary). Based on the archaeological determination the site was dated to the Early Iron Age. A complex wooden architecture was observed in the largest tumulus containing inner and outer beam constructions separated by stone blocks. Dendrochronological and radiocarbon (14C) analyses were performed on conserved logs (n=5) to constrain the felling date of the timber, identified as oak, and the construction period of the tumuli. The four longest ringwidth series were synchronized providing a 153-yr-long floating chronology. Five blocks were removed from the cross sections and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C analysis was performed on the separated α-cellulose. A wiggle-matching procedure was employed as the 14C ages were in agreement with their relative position in the tree-ring sequence and concurred with the expected archaeological period. The calibrated age range of the last extant ring is 747–707 cal BC (95.4%). The earliest possible felling date of the trees used in the construction was between 735 and 695 BC considering the missing sapwood. This is the first 14C dated tree-ring width chronology from the Early Iron Age in Hungary providing a valuable reference for dendroarchaeological studies along the eastern border of the Hallstatt Culture.

Microelement mobile forms in southern taiga landscapes of the Central Forest State Biosphere Nature Reserve (Russia)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polina Enchilik ◽  
Elena Aseeva ◽  
Ivan Semenkov ◽  
Olga Samonova ◽  
Anastasia Iovcheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Mobile Element ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Slope Position ◽  
Plant Soil

<p>We investigated the vertical and spatial distribution of chemical elements (ChEs) in four cross-sections within a catena formed in typical southern taiga on Retiosols , underlying loess  loams and carbonate moraine deposits. Catena located in the Tver' region (Russia). In plants (70 samples, 19 species) and soils (31 samples), the total content of the ChEs was determined by mass spectrometry. In soil samples, we measured pH, grain size and levels of ChE mobile fractions (exchangeable (F1), bound to organic complexes (F2) and bound to Fe and Mn hydroxides (F3).</p><p>In the A-horizons the average total concentration of Fe is 1,2%, Ti – 0,33%; Mn – 482 mg‧kg-1, Zr–292, Sr–90, Zn–39, Cr–21, Pb–21, Ni–9, Cu–8. The concentration of metal F1 diminishes in order: Fe>Mn>Sr>Zn, Pb>Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Co, Zr. The concentrations of F2 and F3 show the following order: Fe>Mn>>Ti, Zr, Pb>Co>Ni, Cu, Zn>Cr, Sr and Fe>Mn>Ti>Zn, Sr, Pb>Cr>Cu, Ni, Co>Zr, respectively.</p><p>In all studied Retisols, vertical distribution of the total Pb and Zr, F1 of Co, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn, F2 of Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn, F3 of Pb accumulate in topsoil. For the total Co, Fe, Ni, Sr and Zn, F1 of Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn and Zr, F2 of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and Zr and F3 of Co, Cr, Cu, Ti, Zn, Zr the loss from the albic horizons and/or the accumulation in the argic horizons were registered.</p><p>Spatial distribution of the total concentration of ChEs increases in the A-horizon in the upper part of the catena slope position. In the A-horizons at footslope and toeslope positions, the concentration of F1 Ni, Cu, Sr and Zr, F2 Ni, Cu and Zn increases, and the concentration F2 of Co, Cr, Pb, Ti and Zn, F2 of Cr, Ti and Co, F3 of Mn, Ni, Zn, Pb, Zr decreases.</p><p>Ratios calculated on the basis of the total and mobile element content were applied to evaluate biogenic migration of ChEs with different biophilicity in the "plant-soil" system. According to soil-to-plant transfer ratios, Mn, Zn and Cd are actively involved in biological accumulation. Participation in biological accumulation of Mn and Zn was noted in many works (Avessalomova, 2007; Isachenkova, Tarzayeva, 2006, Kadata-Pendias, Szteke, 2015)</p><p>Mn and Zn have important physiological significance in plants; they actively migrate in plant tissues. Cd is not a necessary ChEs for plants but is easily absorbed by the root system and leaves (Kabata-Pendias, 2011). Cationic elements (Cd and Zn) have high mobility in the soils (Jen-How Huang, 2011). Our results indicate that in the reference forest communities, tree species play the major role in the uptake and turnover of biophilic microelements (Mn, Zn, Co) while sphagnum moss and grassy covers mostly absorb the elements with low biophilicity (Fe, Ti, Cr, Zr, Pb). Metabolic pathways carry out the absorption of Fe and Cr (Kabata-Pendias, 2011).</p>

Birds of Siberian-pine (Pinus sibirica) forests of the south-east part of Western Siberia (Tomsk Region)

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 854-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris D. Kuranov ◽  
Oleg G. Nekhoroshev ◽  
Peter J. Mitchell ◽  
Sergey P. Milovidov
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Pinus Sibirica ◽  
The South ◽  
East Part ◽  
Tomsk Region ◽  
Siberian Pine

scholarly journals Tree-ring based reconstruction of the seasonal timing, major events and origin of rockfall on a case-study slope in the Swiss Alps

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Schneuwly ◽  
M. Stoffel
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Traumatic Resin Ducts ◽  
Dormant Season ◽  
Ring Analysis ◽  
Impact Angles ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract. Tree-ring analysis has been used to reconstruct 22 years of rockfall behavior on an active rockfall slope near Saas Balen (Swiss Alps). We analyzed 32 severely injured trees (L. decidua, P. abies and P. cembra) and investigated cross-sections of 154 wounds. The intra-annual position of callus tissue and of tangential rows of traumatic resin ducts was determined in order to reconstruct the seasonality of past rockfall events. Results indicate strong intra- and inter-annual variations of rockfall activity, with a peak (76%) observed in the dormant season (early October – end of May). Within the growth season, rockfall regularly occurs between the end of May and mid July (21.4%), whereas events later in the season appear to be quite rare (2.6%). Findings suggest that rockfall activity at the study site is driven by annual thawing processes and the circulation of melt water in preexisting fissures. Data also indicate that 43% of all rockfall events occurred in 1995, when two major precipitation events are recorded in nearby meteorological stations. Finally, data on impact angles are in very good agreement with the geomorphic situation in the field.

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