scholarly journals 190 EFFECTS OF DORMANT APPLICATION OF SOYBEAN OIL ON PEACH TREES

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 456c-456
Author(s):  
R. E. Myers ◽  
D. E. Deyton ◽  
C. E. Sams
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Degummed Soybean Oil ◽  
Peach Trees

`Redhaven' peach trees at the Knoxville Experiment Station were sprayed to runoff on 3 February 1993 with single applications of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, or 15.0% (v/v) degummed soybean oil with 0.6% Latron AG 44M emulsifier. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 6 single tree replications. The internal CO2 concentration of treated twigs was elevated the first day and continued to be significantly higher than the control through the fifth day following treatment. Respiration rates of soybean oil treated buds-twigs were lower than the control for the first eight days after treatment. Flower bud and bloom development were delayed by treatment of trees with 5.0 to 15.0% soybean oil. Treatment with 5.0% oil delayed bloom approximately 4 days. The greatest delay (approximately 6 days) occurred after treatment with 10.0 or 15.0% oil. Yield was reduced and fruit size increased as the concentration of soybean oil was increased. Optimum fruit size was achieved with the 5.0% soybean oil treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of Soybean Oil on Photosynthesis and Aphids of Apple

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 829E-829
Author(s):  
D.E. Deyton ◽  
C.E. Sams ◽  
C.D. Pless
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Initial Reduction ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Degummed Soybean Oil ◽  
Aphid Populations

Four-year-old `Gala' and `Widjit' apple trees with significant apple aphid populations were sprayed to runoff on 13 May 1994 with 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, or 2.0% (v/v) emulsified degummed soybean oil (SO) or with 1.0% petroleum (dormant) oil (PO). Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete-block design with five single-tree replications. Apple aphid populations were determined on 10 tagged shoots per tree. The top fully expanded leaf of two randomly selected shoots per tree were tagged and net photosynthesis (Pn) and transpiration (Tr) measured. Trees treated with SO or PO had <20% as many aphids after treatment as nontreated trees. Trees treated with 2% SO had lower Pn and Tr than the control for 18 days after treatment. Spraying 0.1% or 0.5% SO caused less initial reduction of Pn than 2.0% SO, and the effect was shorter lasting. Four-year-old `Oregon Spur' and `Empire' were sprayed with 0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0% SO or PO on 26 June. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete-block design with four single-tree replications. Pn rates of trees treated with 0.1% to 1.0% soybean oil were <40% of nontreated trees the day after treatment, but recovered to >80% of control in 5 days.

scholarly journals Applying Soybean Oil to Dormant Peach Trees Alters Internal Atmosphere, Reduces Respiration, Delays Bloom, and Thins Flower Buds

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.E. Myers ◽  
D.E. Deyton ◽  
C.E Sams
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Crude Soybean Oil ◽  
Degummed Soybean Oil ◽  
Peach Trees

Dormant `Georgia Belle' peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] trees were sprayed in early February 1992 with single applications of 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 10.0%, or 20.0% (v/v) crude soybean oil. `Redhaven' trees were sprayed in February 1993 with single applications of 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 10.0%, or15% degummed soybean oil. Additional treatments of two applications of 2.5% or 5.0% oil were included each year. Both crude and degummed soybean oil treatments interfered with escape of respiratory CO2 from shoots and increased internal CO2 concentrations in shoots for up to 8 days compared to untreated trees. Respiration rates, relative to controls, were decreased for 8 days following treatment, indicating a feedback inhibition of respiration by the elevated CO2. Thus, an internal controlled atmosphere condition was created. Ethylene evolution was elevated for 28 days after treatment. Flower bud development was delayed by treating trees with 5% crude or degummed soybean oil. Trees treated with 10% crude or degummed soybean oil bloomed 6 days later than untreated trees. Repeated sprays of one half concentration delayed bloom an additional four days in 1992, but < 1 day in 1993 compared to a single spray of the same total concentration. Application of soybean oil caused bud damage and reduced flower bud density (number of flower buds/cm branch length) at anthesis. In a trial comparing petroleum oil and degummed soybean oil, yields of trees treated with 6% or 9% soybean oil were 17% greater than the untreated trees and 29%more than petroleum treated trees. These results suggest that applying soybean oil delays date of peach bloom and may be used as a bloom thinner.

scholarly journals Four-Year Study on the Bio-Agronomic Response of Biotypes of Capparis spinosa L. on the Island of Linosa (Italy)

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Salvatore La Bella ◽  
Francesco Rossini ◽  
Mario Licata ◽  
Giuseppe Virga ◽  
Roberto Ruggeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Capparis Spinosa ◽  
Production Behavior ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

The caper plant is widespread in Sicily (Italy) both wild in natural habitats and as specialized crops, showing considerable morphological variation. However, although contributing to a thriving market, innovation in caper cropping is low. The aim of the study was to evaluate agronomic and production behavior of some biotypes of Capparis spinosa L. subsp. rupestris, identified on the Island of Linosa (Italy) for growing purposes. Two years and seven biotypes of the species were tested in a randomized complete block design. The main morphological and production parameters were determined. Phenological stages were also observed. Analysis of variance showed high variability between the biotypes. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis highlighted a clear distinction between biotypes based on biometric and production characteristics. Production data collected in the two-year period 2007–2008 showed the greatest production levels in the third year following planting in 2005. In particular, biotype SCP1 had the highest average value (975.47 g) of flower bud consistency. Our results permitted the identification of biotypes of interest for the introduction into new caper fields. Further research is needed in order to characterize caper biotypes in terms of the chemical composition of the flower buds and fruits.

scholarly journals Pruning of the main stem of Marigold: effect on capitula yield

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-427
Author(s):  
Jana Koefender ◽  
André Schoffel ◽  
Diego P Golle ◽  
Candida E Manfio ◽  
Alice PB Dambróz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Factorial Experiment ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

ABSTRACT The purpose of this work was to evaluate the influence of cutting the apex of the main stem of marigold plants on floral capitula yield. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, with five replicates. The following removal stages of the main stem apexes were studied: control (without pruning), up to 10 leaves, up to 15 leaves and visible flower bud. Three harvest periods were also evaluated: July, August and September, composing a factorial experiment in a 4x3 arrangement. The diameter, number, fresh matter and the dry capitula were evaluated. The most significant effect of cutting the apex of the main stem on fresh and dry matter of the capitula was obtained when the technique was performed at the time the plants had up to 15 leaves and visible flower bud. The harvesting performed in September showed to be the most promising, since it presented the larger diameter, higher number and higher fresh matter and the dry capitula.

scholarly journals Evaluation of plantain genotypes for yield and other characters

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
N Ara ◽  
M Moniruzzaman ◽  
R Khatoon ◽  
M Moniruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Better Than

An experiment was carried out at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna during 2013-15, with eleven genotypes of plantain to evaluate their performances for yield attributes, yield and quality characters. The genotypes included in this investigation were MP001, MP002, MP003, MP006, MP007, MP015, MP018, MP024, MP025, ISD002 and BARI Kola-2 as check. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The genotype MP002 produced the maximum number of fingers/bunch (105.67) closely followed by BARI Kola-2 (103.00) and MP015 (101.00). Both the genotypes MP024 and MP025 showed the highest fruit length (21.70 cm), but ISD002 gave the maximum fruit girth (16.78 cm), which was statistically similar with that of MP003 (16.30 cm) and MP024 (16.33 cm). The highest yield and the maximum number of hands were produced by the genotype MP024 (47.81 t/ha and (8.33/bunch) followed by MP015 (36.70 t/ha and 6.33/bunch). Fingers of the genotypes required boiling time in the range of 20.00 min (MP001) to 15.00 min (BARI Kola-2). Flesh of all genotypes possesses pleasant aroma except MP002, MP003 and ISD002. Among the eleven genotypes MP001, MP006, MP007, MP008, MP015 and MP024 were found better when cooked as smashed. The genotype ISD002 took the maximum time (467.33 days) to reach the edible maturity stage of fruits whereas MP024 required the minimum (339.00 days). The genotypes MP015 and MP024 performed better than BARI Kola-2 in respect of bunch weight, fruit size, productivity index, yield, sucker production and qualitative characters.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(1): 71-80, March 2018

scholarly journals Apple, Leafhopper Test, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
George C. Hamilton ◽  
Dean Polk ◽  
Eugene Rizio
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Glass Plates

Abstract A 10 year-old apple orchard, variety ‘Red Delicious’ was used in this test. Single tree plots, replicated 4 times/variety in a randomized complete block design, were sprayed to runoff (ca 3 gal/tree) with a hydraulic sprayer equipped with a handgun operated at 200 psi. Treatments were applied at petal fall (PF—11 May), 5th cover (5th—12 Jun) and 6th cover (6th—3 Aug). The orchard was treated with Captan for disease control as needed. Weekly ERM counts were made by randomly selecting 20 leaves/tree, brushing mites onto glass plates coated with Triton B-1956, and counting motile ERM and AF. Mite-days (MD) were calculated as: MD = MD1 + [(Ml + M2)/2 × 7], where MD1 = mitedays already accumulated, Ml = avg ERM/leaf on a given sample date and M2 = avg ERM/leaf on the next sample date. Leafhoppers (White apple and/or Rose) were evaluated at 1,3, 7, 14, and 21 days post treatment using a 20 leaves/tree (PF) or 50 leaves/tree (5th and 6th) sample. Predatory coccinellids were sampled by 3 minute counts of larvae and adults. At harvest, 100 fruit/tree were collected and weighed, evaluated for spray injury, and rated (0%-100%) for russeting. Data were transformed to sqrt(x + 1) or arcsine(x) before ANOVA and comparison of means.

scholarly journals Effects of Nutrient and Growth Regulator Treatments on the Growth and Development of Marigolds

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 679d-679
Author(s):  
Arvazena E. Clardy ◽  
Stephen Garton
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Flower Bud Formation ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Two cultivars of Tagetes erecta Marigolds—Hero Yellow and Safari Tangerine—were grown hydroponically in two different nutrient solutions. The experiment was implemented in the greenhouses on the campus of Alabama A&M Univ., from March to May 1995. The experiment was to assess the effects of growth and development of Marigolds. Heights of seedlings, germinated in grodan (rockwool) cubes were measured and placed randomly in the hydroponic units. Plants were drenched with five rates of either Paclobutrazol (Bonzi) and Uniconazole (Sumagic). The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design with either three or four replications of the treatment, which were factorial combinations of variables. After 75 days measurements were made of plants heights, flower bud numbers and dry weights of shoot and root systems. Shoot dry weights were affected by growth regulator treatments, variety, nutrient treatments and a combination of variety and nutrient treatments. Root dry weights were affected by nutrient treatments. Flower bud formation and numbers were affected by the combination of nutrient and variety. Heights were affected by growth regulator treatments, variety and nutrient treatments.

scholarly journals Hand-held mechanical device improves thinning efficiency of peach trees

2020 ◽  
pp. 1519-1524
Author(s):  
Daniel Spagnol ◽  
Marcos Antônio Giovanaz ◽  
Bruno Carra ◽  
Everton Sozo de Abreu ◽  
José Carlos Fachinello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Fruit Mass ◽  
Work Economy

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mechanical-manual thinning (MmT) at different developmental stages in the thinning efficiency and productive performance of ‘Sensação’ peach trees. The experiment was performed during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons, in a commercial orchard located in Morro Redondo (RS), Brazil. Plant material consisted of 7-year-old peach trees grafted on Capdeboscq rootstock and trained as an open-vase system. The experiment was arranged as a randomized block design, with five three-trees replications. In order to reduce the effect of personal experience, the treatments and measurements were applied by the same person in a set of replications throughout the experiment. Treatments consisted of: control I [without thinning (WT)]; control II [hand thinning (HT) 40 days after full bloom (40 DAFB)]; MmT at full bloom (FB): 50% of open flowers; MmT at the end of bloom (EB): 80-100% of open flowers; MmT at petal fall (PF); and MmT at the green fruit (GF) stage (fruit with ~1 cm of diameter). The MmT was performed using a hand-held portable device. The parameters assessed were: percentage of thinning, fruit set, thinning time, work economy, production per tree, fruit mass, estimated yield and fruit size distribution. The use of the MmT at the stages tested reduces thinning time of ‘Sensação’ peach trees, resulting in labor saving, as well as increases the percentage of fruit in category (CAT) 1. The MmT when performed at GF results in a higher percentage of thinning. The treatment MmT at FB increases the average fruit mass.

scholarly journals Chemical Blossom Thinining on Prunus in New York

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 995B-995
Author(s):  
Jason L. Osborne ◽  
Terence L. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Thinning Effect ◽  
Petroleum Oil

In 2004, we conducted a chemical thinning field study in Appleton, N.Y., on 5-year-old `Rising Star' peach trees on Lovell rootstock. Treatments included soybean oil or petroleum oil applied at 8% about 30 days before budbreak. Ammonium thio-sulfate (ATS) 3.5 gal/acre, ATS 5.0 gal/acre, lime sulfur (1%, 3%) plus Crockers fish oil 2 gal/acre, and Wilthin 6 pt/acre were applied at FB; and the grower standard hand-thinning treatment at 45 DAFB. Trees treated with thinning agents were not given supplemental hand thinning. The high rate of ATS, 5.0 gal/acre and Wilthin 6 pt/acre had the greatest thinning effect and reduced fruit set by 55% and 61%, respectively, compared to the untreated control. The high rate of ATS also increased fruit size 25%, but reduced yield by 45%. Soybean and petroleum oil treatments did not significantly reduce fruit set. Lime sulfur plus fish oil treatments 1% and 3% also did not significantly reduce fruit set. Although a significant reduction in yield was observed in the high rate ATS and Wilthin treatments, a greater proportion of the crop was in the larger size categories. In 2005, treatments included soybean oil 8% plus Latron B 1956 applied 18 days and 25 days before FB, Lime sulfur (2%, 4%) plus Crockers fish oil (2%) applied at FB, Ammonium thio-sulfate (ATS) 3.5%, 5.0%, Wilthin 1.9, 2.8 L (Entek, Inc.), plus Regulaid 473 mL per 935 L/ha applied at FB, Entry 1.5, 3.0%, Tergitol TMN-6 0.75, 1.5%, hand-thin flowers to a crop load of seven fruits per cm2 at FB and hand-thin fruit to 7 fruits per cm2 applied 45 days after FB.

scholarly journals Participatory Evaluation of Some Tomato Genotypes for Resistance to Bacterial Wilt

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram D. Timila ◽  
Sharada Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Participatory Evaluation ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Development Center

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum E.F. Smith is one of the destructive diseases of tomato. Experiments were conducted to confirm the resistance and to evaluate varieties received from Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center against bacterial wilt disease in the farmers’ bacterial wilt sick fields at Thaiba and at Panchkhal during 1999 and 2000-2001 respectively. A total of five varieties such as CLN 2026 C, CLN 2026 D, CLN 1466 J, CLN 1466 P and susceptible check Lapsigede or L 390 were included in the experiments. Randomized complete block design with 4 replications was commenced at both the locations. In terms of disease incidence and yield parameters as well as consumers’ preference on the fruit size, CLN 2026 C was found the best variety followed by CLN 2026 D. Wilt incidence was significantly lower in those varieties showing resistant reaction than in susceptible check. However, the marketable fruit yields were significantly higher with low wilt incidences in CLN 1466 P and CLN 1466 J also compared to susceptible check. But the large fruit size of those varieties was not acceptable to the consumers and the  growers. Thus, CLN 2026 C and CLN 2026 D could be used as resistant variety to minimize crop losses from bacterial wilt disease.Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 50-55DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v8i0.11580

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