Drought Behavior of Nonbearing Clingstone Peaches on GF 677 Rootstock Cultivated under Field Conditions

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 490e-490
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Zegbe
Keyword(s):  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
And Control ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Water relations, chlorophyll and proline content, and vegetative growth were obtained from three clingstone peach genotypes (S135,) grafted on peach × almond hybrid (GF 677,) rootstock (S135/GF 677) and seedling trees from S135 (SPTS135). The experiment was carried out under field conditions during the dry season (April–June) to evaluate the influence of the GF 677 rootstock on scion in 1997. Leaf water and osmotic potentials tended to be lower in S135/GF 677 than SPTS135 trees and irrigated seedlings peach trees (control). Although S135/GF 677 trees developed the lowest osmotic potential, the turgency was similar to SPTS135 trees. Relative water content and transpiration rate were the lowest in S135/GF 677 trees; SPTS135 trees were intermediate between S135/GF 677 and control trees. Chlorophyll and proline levels were increased in S135/GF 677 and SPTS135 trees compared with the control. Shoot growth was significantly delayed in S135/GF 677 trees compared with SPTS135 and control trees. Even though some scion physiological variables were modified by the GF 677, rootstock, the effect was not big enough to confer significant drought resistance to the scion.

scholarly journals Water Relations of a Fragaria chiloensis and a F. virginiana Selection during and After Water Deficit Stress

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baolin Zhang ◽  
Douglas D. Archbold
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Subsequent Recovery ◽  
Fragaria Chiloensis ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selection Of

A comparative study was performed to elucidate changes in the water relations of Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duch. `BSP14' (FC) and F. virginiana (L.) Duch. `NCC85-13V' (FV), grown in containers in a greenhouse, in response to imposed water deficit stress and subsequent recovery. At incipient wilting, a reduction in osmotic potential at full turgor (Ψπ100 of 0.42 MPa occurred in leaves of FC, while no change was found in FV. Leaf water potential (Ψ) isotherms revealed that as leaf Ψ and relative water content (RWC) declined, stressed FC plants maintained a higher turgor potential (ΨP) and lower osmotic potential (Ψπ) than nonstressed (control) plants, while there was no effect of drought stress on these relationships in the FV plants. From the isotherms, turgor loss was estimated to occur at a lower leaf Ψ and RWC in stressed FC plants than either in control FC plants or stressed and control FV plants. During a diurnal phase 36 hours after wilting, leaf Ψ, Ψπ and RWC of the FC selection were generally lower in stressed than in control plants, with differences ranging from 0.14 to 0.74 MPa, 0.28 to 0.47 MPa, and 1% to 8%, respectively. In the FV selection, Ψπ was 0.09 to 0.31 MPa lower in stressed than in control leaves, while the other characteristics were not affected. Leaf ΨP, of stressed FC plants was 0.09 to 0.27 MPa higher than controls during the dark period, but was similar during the day. When plants of both species were grown and stressed in the same container, FV plants wilted ≈4 days earlier than FC plants, and foliar Ψπ100 of FC was 0.35 MPa lower than that of FV at incipient wilting. The isothermal relationships between leaf Ψ and Ψπ100 indicated FC had a Ψπ100 ≈ 0.25 MPa lower than FV at a Ψ <1.5 MPa. This study provided evidence for greater osmotic adjustment in response to imposed water deficit stress in a selection of F. chiloensis than in one of F. virginiana.

scholarly journals Proline and trehalose in maize seeds germinating under low osmotic potentials

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela J. B. Queiroz ◽  
Jairo O. Cazetta
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Embryo Axis ◽  
Water Limitation ◽  
Maize Seeds ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

ABSTRACT Although it is relatively well known that adult plants tend to accumulate proline and trehalose in their tissues as a physiological mechanism in response to drought, there is scarce information about the development of this physiological response in seeds. Thus, the objective of this research was to verify if maize seeds are able to develop mechanism of osmoprotection, when are germinating under low osmotic potential, and the possibility to use the levels of trehalose and proline in a defined seed part, aiming to differentiate genotypes regarding drought tolerance. The experiment was performed as a factorial arrangement of 2 x 5 (2 hybrids x 5 osmotic potential) within a completely randomized design, with four replicates. It was found that the proline content in the embryo axis of maize seeds germinating under water limitation is directly proportional to the intensity of this stress. Distinct hybrids show different proline levels accumulated in the embryo axis, when seeds are germinating under the same conditions of water limitation. The trehalose content tends to decrease in the embryo axis and in the endosperm of maize seeds germinating under increasing water limitation, but the reduction is not directly proportional to osmotic potential.

Multivariate analysis for yield and proline content in wheat under lab and field conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirza Faisal Qaseem ◽  
Rahmatullah Qureshi ◽  
Humaira Shaheen ◽  
Abdul Waheed
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Field Conditions

scholarly journals In vitro Osmotic Stress Memory in Chrisanthemum hybridum: Structural and Physiological Responses

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidiia Samarina ◽  
Valentina Malyarovskaya ◽  
Yulija Abilfazova ◽  
Natalia Platonova ◽  
Kristina Klemeshova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Stress Memory ◽  
Relative Water

Structural and physiological responses of chrysanthemum to repeated osmotic stress were studied. Plants were cultured for 2 weeks (for each stress1 and stress 2) on half MS supplemented with mannitol 100 mM (Treatment I) and 200 mM (Treatment II). First stress inhibited growth parameters stronger than second stress in treatment I. In treatment II both stress events strongly inhibited growth parameters of micro‐shoots. Proline content exceeded control 6 ‐ 8 times after 1st stress, and 2 ‐ 5 times after the 2nd stress in treatments I and II, respectively. Soluble protein was accumulated in leaves during both stress exposures, and 2 ‐ 2.5 times exceeded control after the 2nd stress. Relative water content in both treatments increased after the 2nd stress exposure. In treatment II chlorophyll а and carotenoids contents were 8.78 and 4.62 mg/g comparing to control (4.21 and 2.25 mg/g, respectively) after the 1st stress. But after the 2nd stress there was no difference with control.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 27(2): 161-169, 2017 (December)

scholarly journals Quinoa for the Brazilian Cerrado: Agronomic Characteristics of Elite Genotypes under Different Water Regimes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1591
Author(s):  
Patrícia Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Walter Quadros Ribeiro Junior ◽  
Maria Lucrecia Gerosa Ramos ◽  
Sonia Maria Costa Celestino ◽  
Alberto do Nascimento Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Relationship

Quinoa stands out as an excellent crop in the Cerrado region for cultivation in the off-season or irrigated winter season. Here, we tested the effects of different water regimes on the agronomic characteristics, physiology, and grain quality of different elite quinoa genotypes under field conditions. The experiment was conducted under field conditions at Embrapa Cerrados (Planaltina, DF, Brazil). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in a split-plot scheme, with four replications. The plots were composed of 18 quinoa genotypes and modified BRS Piabiru (the currently used genotype), and the split-plots were divided into 4 different water regimes. The following variables were evaluated: productivity and productivity per unit of applied water (PUAA), plant height, flavonoids, anthocyanins, gas exchange, chlorophyll, leaf proline, and relative water content. Our results showed that water regimes between 309 and 389 mm can be recommended for quinoa in the Cerrado region. CPAC6 and CPAC13 presented the highest yield and PUAA under high and intermediate WRs, and hence were the most suitable for winter growth under irrigation. CPAC17 is most suitable for off-season growth under rainfed conditions, as it presented the highest PUAA under the low WRs (247 and 150). CPAC9 stood out in terms of accumulation of flavonoids and anthocyanins in all WRs. Physiological analyses revealed different responses of the genotypes to water restriction, together with symptoms of stress under lower water regimes. Our study reinforces the importance of detailed analyses of the relationship between productivity, physiology, and water use when choosing genotypes for planting and harvest in different seasons.

scholarly journals Heat-tolerant hot pepper exhibits constant photosynthesis via increased transpiration rate, high proline content and fast recovery in heat stress condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherzod Nigmatullayevich Rajametov ◽  
Eun Young Yang ◽  
Myeong Cheoul Cho ◽  
Soo Young Chae ◽  
Hyo Bong Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Fast Recovery ◽  
Heat Stress Condition ◽  
Heat Tolerant

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanism for heat tolerance is important for the hot pepper breeding program to develop heat-tolerant cultivars in changing climate. This study was conducted to investigate physiological and biochemical parameters related to heat tolerance and to determine leaf heat damage levels critical for selecting heat-tolerant genotypes. Seedlings of two commercial cultivars, heat-tolerant ‘NW Bigarim’ (NB) and susceptible ‘Chyung Yang’ (CY), were grown in 42 °C for ten days. Photosynthesis, electrolyte conductivity, proline content were measured among seedlings during heat treatment. Photosynthetic rate was significantly reduced in ‘CY’ but not in ‘NB’ seedlings in 42 °C. Stomatal conductivity and transpiration rate was significantly higher in ‘NB’ than ‘CY’. Proline content was also significantly higher in ‘NB’. After heat treatment, leaf heat damages were determined as 0, 25, 50 and 75% and plants with different leaf heat damages were moved to a glasshouse (30–32/22–24 °C in day/night). The growth and developmental parameters were investigated until 70 days. ‘NB’ was significantly affected by leaf heat damages only in fruit yield while ‘CY’ was in fruit set, number and yield. ‘NB’ showed fast recovery after heat stress compared to ‘CY’. These results suggest that constant photosynthetic rate via increased transpiration rate as well as high proline content in heat stress condition confer faster recovery from heat damage of heat-tolerant cultivars in seedlings stages.

Herbicide Effects on Weed Control and Shoot Growth of Young Apple (Malus sylvestris) and Peach (Prunus persica) Trees

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester L. Foy ◽  
Susan B. Harrison ◽  
Harold L. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
One Year ◽  
Broadleaf Species ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Peach Trees

Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Virginia to evaluate the following herbicides: alachlor, diphenamid, diuron, metolachlor, napropamide, norflurazon, oryzalin, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, pendimethalin, and simazine. One experiment involved newly-transplanted apple trees; the others, three in apple and one in peach trees, involved one-year-old trees. Treatments were applied in the spring (mid-April to early-May). Control of annual weed species was excellent with several treatments. A broader spectrum of weeds was controlled in several instances when the preemergence herbicides were used in combinations. Perennial species, particularly broadleaf species and johnsongrass, were released when annual species were suppressed by the herbicides. A rye cover crop in nontreated plots suppressed the growth of weeds. New shoot growth of newly-transplanted apple trees was increased with 3 of 20 herbicide treatments and scion circumference was increased with 11 of 20 herbicide treatments compared to the nontreated control. Growth of one-year-old apple trees was not affected. Scion circumference of one-year-old peach trees was increased with 25 of 33 herbicide treatments.

Relationships between physiological traits and productivity of sugarcane in response to water deficit

2012 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. DE A. SILVA ◽  
J. L. JIFON ◽  
J. A. G. DA SILVA ◽  
C. M. DOS SANTOS ◽  
V. SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Sugarcane Productivity ◽  
Response To Water

SUMMARYThe relationships between physiological variables and sugarcane productivity under water deficit conditions were investigated in field studies during 2005 and 2006 in Weslaco, Texas, USA. A total of 78 genotypes and two commercial varieties were studied, one of which was drought-tolerant (TCP93-4245) and the other drought-sensitive (TCP87-3388). All genotypes were subjected to two irrigation regimes: a control well-watered treatment (wet) and a moderate water-deficit stress (dry) treatment for a period of 90 days. Maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), estimated chlorophyll content (SPAD index), leaf temperature (LT), leaf relative water content (RWC) and productivity were measured. The productivity of all genotypes was, on average, affected negatively; however, certain genotypes did not suffer significant reduction. Under water deficit, the productivity of the genotypes was positively and significantly correlated with Fv/Fm, SPAD index and RWC, while LT had a negative correlation. These findings suggest that genotypes exhibiting traits of high RWC values, high chlorophyll contents and high photosynthetic radiation use efficiency under low moisture availability should be targeted for selection and variety development in programmes aimed at improving sugarcane for drought prone environments.

​Antioxidant Responses of Ricebean [Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi] Seedling under Iso-osmotic Potential of Salinity and Drought Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kousik Atta ◽  
Jahnavi Sen ◽  
Pravachan Chettri ◽  
Anjan Kumar Pal
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Antioxidant Responses ◽  
Nutrient Imbalance ◽  
Vigna Umbellata ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Background: Salinity and drought are the major abiotic stresses and both can cause osmotic imbalances. Drought stress directly results in osmotic stress whereas salinity problem firstly disrupts the water balance and eventually induces ion toxicity which results in cyto-toxicity, metabolic impairment, nutrient imbalance and finally poor crop growth and yield. The co-ordinated up-regulation or constitutive expression of antioxidative system in plants is the main defense in plant against these stresses and thus the present experiment was undertaken to study the antioxidant responses under drought and salinity stress at seedling stage in ricebean (Bidhan 1). Methods: For studying the effect of iso-osmotic potential of salinity and drought stress solutions of NaCl and PEG 6000 with -0.2 MPa (50mM NaCl and 10% PEG), -0.4 MPa (100 mM NaCl and 12% PEG) and -0.8 MPa (200mM NaCl and 18% PEG) osmotic potential were used. The experiment was done in the laboratory of Department Plant Physiology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), Mohanpur, Nadia and West Bengal in the year 2017-18 and 2018-19. Result: Under moderate to high intensity of osmotic stresses the leaf proline content decreased. The mild and medium stress treatments induced much higher activity of GPOX and APX in the leaf which then decreased somewhat as the intensity of stress increased. The experiment showed that drought stress was found to produce more drastic effects on seedling growth in ricebean as compared to the salinity stress at iso-osmotic potentials.

scholarly journals GENOTYPIC VARIATION ON THE ANTIOXIDATIVE RESPONSE OF COWPEACULTIVARS EXPOSED TO OSMOTIC STRESS

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 928-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDILENE DANIEL DE ARAÚJO ◽  
ALBERTO SOARES DE MELO ◽  
MARIA DO SOCORRO ROCHA ◽  
REBECA FERREIRA CARNEIRO ◽  
MAURISRAEL DE MOURA ROCHA
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Antioxidative Response ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

ABSTRACT The cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], also known as cowpea, is of fundamental socioeconomic importance to the northeast of Brazil, and has become one of the main sources of protein in the diet of the rural population. However, in this region, it has become necessary to identify genotypes that are better adapted to drought. In addition, research is needed regarding the action of substances that promote tolerance to stress factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative response of cowpea cultivars under osmotic stress conditions using potassium nitrate as an attenuator. Five osmotic potentials were tested in the substrate (0.0, −0.2, −0.4, −0.6, and −0.8 MPa), and three seed treatments (pre-soaking in distilled water, pre-soaking in potassium nitrate, and without pre-soaking) were tested in three cowpea cultivars (BRS Itaim, BRS Aracê, and BRS Potengi). The design was randomized with 45 treatments and four replications. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (P < 0.05), and in cases of significance, regression analysis was conducted to quantitate the factors. Our results indicate that an increase in proline content in cowpea plants may be seen as indicative of the intensity of water stress on germination and the initial stages of growth of the plant. The BRS Itaim cultivar best tolerates drought conditions with the application of potassium nitrate, given the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase.

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