Water Uptake Threshold of Rabbiteye (Vaccinium ashei) Blueberries and Its Influence on Fruit Splitting

Split-resistant and split-susceptible rabbiteye blueberry fruit were evaluated at all stages of development to determine “water uptake thresholds” by soaking in distilled water. Weight increase after soaking was measured, and percent weight gain was calculated to take into consideration the weight increase of the fruit from development. The ratio of percent increase in volume to weight increase resulting from water uptake was calculated. Ratios of percent water uptake to weight increase between split-susceptible ‘Tifblue’ and split-resistant ‘Premier’ blueberries were found to be similar. The split-susceptible ‘Tifblue’ had a 1.6 g/50 fruit increase with a 1.7% water uptake and a ratio of 1.08. ‘Premier’ had a higher weight increase with 3.3 g/50 fruit and also a higher percentage of water uptake at 3.6% providing a ratio of 1.09. Although both absorbed water at a constant rate shown by a linear increase of weight increase over time, ‘Premier’ absorbed a significantly greater amount of water than did ‘Tifblue’ yet remained intact and did not split.

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The Influence of Bath Environment on the Fluid Content of Human and Rabbit Patellar Tendons

10.1115/imece2000-2576 ◽

2000 ◽

Author(s):

Rajakumar Israel ◽

Theresa Atkinson

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Exposure Time ◽

Critical Factor ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Test Environment ◽

Important Conclusion ◽

Fluid Content ◽

Tissue Hydration ◽

Over Time

Abstract Recent studies have shown that the mechanical properties of tendons and ligaments are dependent on the amount of fluid present in the tissue. These studies have used a variety of bath environments to maintain or alter the fluid content of the tissue. However, no study has measured the effect of these baths on the fluid content of the specimen. In addition, no study has documented the influence of test environment on sectioned versus whole specimens. This experiment investigated the effect of saline, distilled water and sucrose baths on human and rabbit patellar tendons. Specimens were placed into the baths, and weight gain over time was measured. The results show that all specimens gained weight, and thus fluid, over time. The results further show that human specimens absorbed fluid at a faster rate than rabbit specimens. An important conclusion of this study is that exposure time in a bath is a critical factor in tissue hydration. Significant differences in absorption rates between divided and whole specimens were also found.

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The Influence of Bath Environment on the Fluid Content of Human and Rabbit Patellar Tendons

10.1115/imece2000-2493 ◽

2000 ◽

Author(s):

Rajakumar Israel ◽

Theresa Atkinson

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Exposure Time ◽

Critical Factor ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Test Environment ◽

Important Conclusion ◽

Fluid Content ◽

Tissue Hydration ◽

Over Time

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Superpregnancy in the Mouse

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.36.2.301 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 301-316

Author(s):

ANNE McLAREN ◽

DONALD MICHIE

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Total Weight ◽

Weight Increase ◽

Gravid Uterus ◽

Uterine Weight ◽

Maternal Weight ◽

Female Mice ◽

Fat Reserves ◽

Total Weight Gain

1. Weight increase of female mice during pregnancy was studied in normal pregnancies, and also in females of various ages in which superovulation and mating had been induced by gonadotrophin treatment. In some spontaneous and induced pregnancies, the weights of the gravid uterus and of the live embryos were taken at autopsy 18½ days post coitum in addition to the total weight of the intact pregnant female. 2. The main weight increase in both treated and control pregnancies occurred between about 10½ and 16½ days post coitum. The weight gain per embryo showed a linear decrease with increasing numbers of embryos, and a linear increase with the 7½-day weight of the female. When the data were adjusted to a standard 7½-day maternal weight, the total weight gain at first rose with embryo number, but declined when the number of embryos increased above the normal range. 3. The extra-uterine weight increase of the female declined with increasing numbers of embryos. We conclude that female mice carrying abnormally large numbers of embryos economized not only on embryonic growth but also on extra-uterine weight increase. Young mice carrying large litters appeared to use up a large proportion of their fat reserves during pregnancy

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1136. Trends in Speaker Representation at the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) IDWeek Conference, 2013-2019

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1322 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S597-S597

Author(s):

Jasmine R Marcelin ◽

Rohan Khazanchi ◽

Elizabeth Lyden ◽

Kelly Cawcutt ◽

Ravina Kullar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gender Equity ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Program Committee ◽

Chi Square ◽

Poster Sessions ◽

Professional Degree ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Chi Square Analysis ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background Over the last decade, there have been sustained efforts to diversify the healthcare workforce. In 2016, the IDWeek Program Committee was charged to ensure gender equity in speaker sessions. Whether this intervention also resulted in more opportunities for underrepresented speakers has not been determined. Methods This project was supported by IDSA, who provided demographic information on IDWeek speakers (excluding poster sessions) from 2013-2019. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics, and chi-square analysis evaluated changes over time. Each speaker slot was considered an independent event. Data was combined for 2013-2016 (≤2016) and 2017-2019 (>2016). IDSA membership demographics were available from 2014 for gender, race/ethnicity, from 2016 for age, and from 2018 for professional degree. Results A total of 3640 speaker slots were filled by 2504 individuals from 2013-2019. A larger proportion of speaker slots were filled by women >2016 (51%) vs ≤ 2016 (43%), with a linear increase from 38.6% in 2013 to 52.1% in 2019 (p< 0.001). Averaged across 2013-2019, IDSA membership was 67.5% White, 20.6% Asian, 7.7% Latinx, 3.9% Black, and 0.4% Other. IDWeek Speakers during that timeframe were 77.7% White, 13.9% Asian, 4.7% Latinx, 2.7% Black, and 1.0% Other; a larger proportion of slots were filled by Asian speakers >2016 (16.3%) vs ≤ 2016 (12.8%) (p=0.005). The proportion of pharmacist speakers increased over time; 5.1% of speakers in 2019 reflected IDSA pharmacist membership (5.4%). The proportion of individuals invited to speak more than once differed by age (19% in < 40yo, 28% 40-49yo, 32% 50-59yo, and 22% >60yo; p< 0.001), and professional degree (28% physicians, 18% pharmacists, 9% other doctorates, and 7% non-doctorate speakers; p< 0.001). Figure 1: Trends in Gender Distribution of IDWeek Speakers and IDSA Members, 2013-2019 Figure 2: Trends in Race/Ethnicity Distribution of IDWeek Speakers and IDSA Members, 2013-2019 Conclusion Intentional consideration of gender equity by the Program Committee significantly improved equitable gender representation of invited speakers at IDWeek. This effort has not resulted in increased diversity of invited speakers from groups underrepresented in IDSA membership. To ensure that invited speakers represent the membership of IDSA/IDWeek partner organizations and more importantly, the communities we serve, we call for continued application of the principles of Inclusion, Diversity, Access, and Equity at IDWeek. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Kinetics of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses 3 Months Post Complete Vaccination with BNT162b2; A Prospective Study in 283 Health Workers

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10081942 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1942

Author(s):

Evangelos Terpos ◽

Ioannis P. Trougakos ◽

Vangelis Karalis ◽

Ioannis Ntanasis-Stathopoulos ◽

Sentiljana Gumeni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neutralizing Antibodies ◽

Health Workers ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Younger Age ◽

Constant Rate ◽

Rate Of Decline ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Over Time

The aim of this study was to investigate the kinetics of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-S-RBD IgGs up to three months after the second vaccination dose with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. NAbs and anti-S-RBD levels were measured on days 1 (before the first vaccine shot), 8, 22 (before the second shot), 36, 50, and three months after the second vaccination (D111) (NCT04743388). 283 health workers were included in this study. NAbs showed a rapid increase from D8 to D36 at a constant rate of about 3% per day and reached a median (SD) of 97.2% (4.7) at D36. From D36 to D50, a slight decrease in NAbs values was detected and it became more prominent between D50 and D111 when the rate of decline was determined at −0.11 per day. The median (SD) NAbs value at D111 was 92.7% (11.8). A similar pattern was also observed for anti-S-RBD antibodies. Anti-S-RBDs showed a steeper increase during D22–D36 and a lower decline rate during D36–D111. Prior COVID-19 infection and younger age were associated with superior antibody responses over time. In conclusion, we found a persistent but declining anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity at 3 months following full vaccination with BNT162b2 in healthy individuals.

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Gastric emptying, absorption, and carbohydrate oxidation during prolonged exercise

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1992.72.2.468 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 468-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

N. J. Rehrer ◽

A. J. Wagenmakers ◽

E. J. Beckers ◽

D. Halliday ◽

J. B. Leiper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Emptying ◽

Crossover Study ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Water Uptake ◽

Prolonged Exercise ◽

Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽

O2 Consumption ◽

Digestive Function ◽

Jejunal Perfusion ◽

Over Time

This study was designed to examine aspects of digestive function that may limit assimilation of water and oxidation of orally ingested carbohydrate (CHO) during exercise. Eight males completed a crossover study in which each cycled on four occasions for 80 min at 70% maximal O2 consumption. Beverage was consumed at 0, 20, 40, and 60 min. Beverages were water, 4.5% glucose (4.5G), 17% glucose (17G), and 17% maltodextrin (17MD). CHO beverages contained 20 meq/l NaCl and were 13C enriched to measure exogenous CHO oxidation. Gastric (beverage) volume was measured at 80 min. Water uptake was estimated by including 2H2O in the beverage and measuring 2H accumulation in blood. Jejunal perfusion tests were conducted at rest with the same subjects and beverages. In 60 min, 1,294 +/- 31 (SE) ml were ingested; at 80 min, volumes emptied with H2O (1,257 +/- 32 ml) and 4.5G (1,223 +/- 32 ml) were greater than with 17G (781 +/- 56 ml) and 17MD (864 +/- 71 ml; P less than 0.05). Total CHO oxidized was similar with all beverages, but there was a greater increase in exogenous CHO oxidation over time with 17G and 17MD than with 4.5G; 54, 19, and 18% of the CHO ingested with 4.5G, 17G, and 17MD, respectively, was oxidized. This represents 57, 32, and 27%, respectively, of the CHO emptied from the stomach. 2H accumulation in the blood was more rapid with H2O and 4.5G than with 17G or 17MD. Net jejunal water absorption was greater from 4.5G than from water. Net water absorption was also observed from 17MD, whereas net secretion was observed with 17G.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Evaluation of Male Fertility-Enhancing Activities of Water Seed Extract of Hunteria umbellata in Wistar Rats

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/7693010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Adejuwon Adewale Adeneye ◽

Joseph Abayomi Olagunju ◽

Babatunde Adekunle Murtala

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Male Fertility ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Oral Treatment ◽

Seed Extract ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Hormonal Profile ◽

Group I ◽

Dose Dependent

Background. In this study, the male fertility-enhancing activity of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day of Hunteria umbellata water seed extract (HU) in Wistar rats was studied for 60 days. In doing this, effect of repeated doses of HU was studied on the weight gain pattern, gonadosomatic index (GSI), serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (TS), prolactin (PRL), and estradiol (ES)} as well as testicular antioxidant status of the treated rats as a way of elucidating the mechanism(s) of action of HU. Method. Thirty-six (36) male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (I-VI) of six rats per group. Group I rats were gavaged with 10 ml/kg/day of distilled water and served as an untreated control; Group II rats were gavaged with 0.3 mg/kg/day of clomiphene in distilled water; Groups III-V rats received 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, and 400 mg/kg/day of HU, respectively, and Group VI rats received 20 mg/kg/day of Vitamin C all in distilled water. All treatments were for 60 days after which the treated rats were humanely sacrificed. Sera of blood samples were processed for the above stated hormonal profile. Similarly, testicular tissues obtained were processed for semen analysis and complete antioxidant profile of the HU-treated testicles by assaying for superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and Thiobarbituric Reactive Species (TBARS). Results. Prolonged treatments with 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, and 400 mg/kg/day of HU for 60 days induced dose dependent reductions in weight gain pattern with the most significant (p<0.001) effect recorded with the highest dose of HU. Conversely, significant (p<0.001) increase was recorded for GSI at the same HU dose. Clomiphene and HU also induced significant (p<0.01, p<0.001) dose dependent increases in the total sperm count, %live sperm, but reverse effects on %dead sperm and %abnormal sperm. On the hormonal profile, oral treatment with 100 mg/kg/day, 200 mg/kg/day, and 400 mg/kg/day of the extract induced profound (p<0.05, p<0.01, and p<0.001) dose related increases in the sera TS, LH, and FSH while it caused reverse effect on serum PRL but caused no significant alterations in the serum ES levels. Similarly, oral treatment with vitamin C and 100-400 mg/kg/day of HU induced profound (p<0.05, p<0.01, and p<0.001) increases in the antioxidant enzyme activities. Conclusion. Overall, prolonged oral treatment with 100-400 mg/kg body weight of HU for 60 days significantly improved sperm function which was mediated via enhanced spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, and antioxidant mechanisms.

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173 The effects of Fescue EMTTM Mineral Defense on stocker heifer growth while grazing tall fescue

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz053.135 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 60-60

Author(s):

Anna R Taylor ◽

Randy Dew ◽

Ken Bryan ◽

J Nathan Pike ◽

T Ryan Lock

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Tall Fescue ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Animal Nutrition ◽

Forage Availability ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Endophyte Infection ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Over Time

Abstract Previous research demonstrates grazing tall fescue can decrease reproductive performance and weight gain in cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate Fescue EMTTM Mineral Defense (Cargill Animal Nutrition, Minneapolis, MN) on summer weight gain in cattle grazing tall fescue pastures in SW Missouri. Heifers (n = 120; initial BW = 236 ± 2.5 kg) were stratified by weight to replicated tall fescue pastures to either a control mineral treatment or Fescue EMT™ Mineral Defense treatment. Forage availability was estimated weekly by ultrasonic sensor. Pasture samples were collected every 21 d and analyzed for ergovaline concentrations. Heifer weights and blood prolactin were measured throughout the trial. Average daily mineral consumption was calculated by mineral offered less residual. Data were analyzed on a pen-mean basis as a completely randomized design using JMP with 6 pens/ treatment and 10 heifers/pen. Prolactin was analyzed as Repeated Measures in JMP. Initial weights between treatments were not different (P > 0.05). Endophyte infection measured 75% or greater in all pastures. No differences were detected in pasture ergovaline (149 ± 19 µg/kg) or pasture availability (2,600 ± 150 kg/ha) between treatments (P > 0.20 at each sampling). Heifer ADG consuming Fescue EMT™ Mineral Defense compared to control mineral was greater at 0.28 kg versus 0.22 kg resulting in total gains of 21.8 kg versus 16.6 kg, respectively (P < 0.05). However, blood prolactin numerically decreased over time in both treatments. Results from this trial demonstrate a 31% improvement in weight gain for cattle consuming Fescue EMTTM Mineral Defense compared with cattle consuming a control mineral while grazing toxic tall fescue.

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Queensland Microbial Keratitis Database: 2005–2015

British Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312881 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (10) ◽

pp. 1481-1486 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Matthew Green ◽

Nicole Carnt ◽

Andrew Apel ◽

Fiona Stapleton

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Case Series ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Microbial Keratitis ◽

Patient Demographics ◽

Yearly Incidence ◽

Fungal Organisms ◽

Low Incidence ◽

Culture Positive ◽

Over Time

AimsTo estimate the incidence of culture-positive microbial keratitis in Queensland and analyse trends in the organisms and their sensitivities cultured from corneal scrapes, especially low-incidence organisms.MethodsRetrospective multicentre case series of all positive corneal scrapes in Queensland, Australia between 2005 and 2015. Pathology organisations in Queensland were identified by online and local directory search and agreed to participate. Digital records of scrapes provided patient demographics and culture and susceptibility results. Trends in the incidence, organisms and sensitivities were monitored with linear regression. The yearly incidence of microbial keratitis was estimated from the Queensland population.ResultsThe included corneal scrapes totalled 3182, while 1006 were excluded. The included scrapes yielded 4111 organisms. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common single isolate (729, 17.7%), although Gram-positive organisms were more common overall (2737, 66.6%). Fungal organisms were cultured in 6% of cases, while Acanthamoeba comprised only 1% of records. Bacterial organisms were sensitive to all recorded antibiotics in 89% of all isolates and none of the reported antibiotics showed a decreasing trend in susceptibility. The incidence of protozoal isolation decreased over time (p=0.055). Cultures positive for yeasts showed a linear increase in incidence (p=0.045) while moulds showed a spike in incidence in 2010–2012 (p=0.0008).ConclusionThe estimated incidence of microbial keratitis was 0.66 cases per 10 000 people, the rate of antibiotic susceptibility is high and stable, the incidence of keratitis secondary to protozoa is likely to be decreasing while the incidence of keratitis culturing yeast is increasing.

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Water uptake by Annona diversifolia Saff. and A. purpurea Moc. & sessé ex dunal seeds (Annonaceae)

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/s0100-29452014000500034 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 36 (spe1) ◽

pp. 288-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gisela Ferreira ◽

Alma Rosa González Esquinca ◽

Ivan De-La-Cruz-Chacón

Keyword(s):

Phase I ◽

Water Uptake ◽

Phase Iii ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Physiological Dormancy

Annonaceae seeds are known by presenting dormancy mechanisms, whose reports ranging from coating impermeable to the physiological dormancy. By this way, the present study aimed to evaluate water uptake in Annona diversifolia Saff and Annona purpurea Moc & Sessé ex Dunal seeds. For this study, seeds were placed under immersion in distilled water, and used four replicates of 25 seeds of each species, which were weighed during the 480 hours that were immersed. To determine the place of purchase of water, Annona diversifolia seeds were sealed with paraffin at different locations. Based on the results, seeds from both species reached the phases I and II of water uptake, which indicates they are not hard; however, germination (Phase III) was not reached. Annona diversifolia seeds completed Phase I with, 50h and Annona purpurea with 70h from imbibitions begin, which shows that even slowly, water is acquire.

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