scholarly journals Impact of Demethylation Inhibitor (DMI) Fungicides on Clipping Yield and Rooting Depth of Creeping Bentgrass

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1052-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel A. Mitkowski ◽  
Arielle Chaves
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dmi Fungicides ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Demethylation Inhibitor

Demethylation inhibitor fungicides (DMIs) have been used to manage a wide range of turfgrass diseases for many decades. Unfortunately, this class of fungicide can have unwanted plant growth regulator (PGR) effects on amenity turfgrasses. Recently, a number of new DMI fungicides have been registered for turfgrasses and are seeing expanded use. To determine if differences exist in the PGR-related activity among products, a 2-year field study was conducted examining six different DMI fungicides. Fungicides were applied to creeping bentgrass maintained at 0.33 cm and applied five or six times every 14 days at equivalent active ingredient rates. The results demonstrated that although paclobutrazol statistically reduced clipping weights, there was very little effect from DMI fungicides. In the first study year, propiconazole did produce higher clipping weights on two rating dates but this was not observed in the second year. Rooting depth was unaffected by any of the chemicals in either year. Although phytotoxicity may be a concern of turfgrass managers when applying DMI fungicides during the summer, it seems unlikely that these materials applied without the additional use of labeled PGRs will have any noticeable negative effects on foliar and root growth of creeping bentgrass in New England.

Brief history and ways of further development of the department of hydraulic engineering and hydraulics FSBI «VNIIGiM named after A.N. Kostyakov»

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Alexey Shcherbakov ◽  
Valentin Zhezmer
Keyword(s):  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Hydraulic Engineering ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Construction Operation

Department of hydraulic engineering and hydraulics FGBNU «VNIIGiM them. A.N. Kostyakova «has a long history. For many years, the department’s staff has been such scientists and water engineers with extensive experience as M.A. Volynov, V.S. Verbitsky, S.S. Medvedev, N.V. Lebedev, B.C. Panfilov, T.G. Voynich-Syanozhentsky, V.A. Golubkova, G.V. Lyapin and others. The department solved a wide range of tasks, the main areas of research were the following: – theoretical and applied hydrodynamics and hydraulics, with reference to the open channel flows that affect the state and level of safety of the hydraulic structures; – integrated use and protection of water bodies – water sources and water sources of water resources used in land reclamation; – development of measures and technical solutions for the protection of objects from the negative effects of water; – theoretical substantiation of works to improve the safety level of the GTS (declaration); – development and implementation of digitalization methods for solving design, construction, operation and control of landreclamation facilities. Currently, promising areas of research is the development of a decision-making algorithm in the designation of measures to rationalize the provision of resources to water amelioration. The algorithm is developed on the basis of a detailed study, systematization and processing of data both on safety and on the efficiency of systems and structures, ensuring the delivery of irrigation water of the required quality and in sufficient quantity from a water source to the field.

OCCURRENCE OF THE RISKS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN CHILDREN EXPOSED TO THE CHEMICAL FACTORS OF THE EXPOSURE OF ALUMINA REFINERY- ASSOCIATED BUSINESS ACTIVITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Zemlianova ◽  
I.V. Tikhonova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Chronic Lymphoproliferative Diseases

Alumina refineries are among the leading sources of atmospheric air pollution with a wide range of pollutants hazardous to human respiratory organs. It is relevant to study and evaluate the occurrence of the risks for development of respiratory diseases in children living in the area affected by the emission components of an alumina refinery. We assessed air quality of the area under observation and comparison according to monitoring observations, risk of non-carcinogenic effects from the respiratory organs. The content of chemicals in the blood and urine adequate to risk factors was quantified. The structure of individual groups of respiratory diseases was analyzed. The causal relationships of violations of laboratory parameters with an increased content of chemicals in biological media were evaluated. It was found that an aerogenic exposure of chemical pollutants is formed on the territory with the production of metallurgical alumina. It determines the risk for development of respiratory diseases, exceeding an acceptable level up to 49.9 times. In the exposed children, the content of manganese, chromium, nickel, copper, xylenes, formaldehyde and aluminum, fluoride ion in the urine was increased to 4.2 times in relation to the indices in the comparison group. A high level of additional respiratory morbidity(1.8 times) was revealed. Chronic lymphoproliferative diseases of the nasopharynx and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract (up to 6.6 times more often), inflammatory diseases with a predominance of the mechanism of allergic inflammation ( up to 2.1 times more often)are more often detected in the framework of the respiratory diseases. Negative effects on the part of the respiratory system in the form of activation of antioxidant processes, the development of an inflammatory reaction, local, general and specific sensitization of the respiratory tract were established. It confirms the occurrence of the risks for the development of respiratory diseases in children in the exposure area of the chemical factors of alumina refinery-associated economic activity.

Long-term Effects of Triazol Growth Regulators on Stem Elongation of Rhododendron and Kalmia

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 436E-436
Author(s):  
Martin P.N. Gent
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Response Coefficient ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Second Year

The persistence of effects of paclobutrazol or uniconazol on stem elongation was determined for several years after large-leaf Rhododendron and Kalmia latifolia were treated with a single-spray application of these triazol growth-regulator chemicals. Potted plants were treated in the second year from propagation, and transplanted into the field in the following spring. The elongation of stems was measured in the year of application and in the following 2 to 4 years. Treatments with a wide range of doses were applied in 1991, 1992, or 1995. For all except the most-dilute applications, stem elongation was retarded in the year following application. At the highest doses, stem growth was inhibited 2 years following application. The results could be explained by a model of growth regulator action that assumed stem elongation was inversely related to amount of growth regulator applied. The dose response coefficient for paclobutrazol was less than that for uniconazol. The dose that inhibited stem elongation one-half as much as a saturating dose was about 0.5 and 0.05 mg/plant, for paclobutrazol and uniconazol, respectively. The dose response coefficient decreased exponentially with time after application, with an exponential time constant of about 2/year. The model predicted a dose of growth regulator that inhibited 0.9 of stem elongation immediately after application would continue to inhibit 0.5 of stem elongation in the following year.

scholarly journals Responses to Ecopollutants and Pathogenization Risks of Saprotrophic Rhodococcus Species

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 974
Author(s):  
Irina B. Ivshina ◽  
Maria S. Kuyukina ◽  
Anastasiia V. Krivoruchko ◽  
Elena A. Tyumina
Keyword(s):  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollutants ◽  
Rhodococcus Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rigid Cell Wall

Under conditions of increasing environmental pollution, true saprophytes are capable of changing their survival strategies and demonstrating certain pathogenicity factors. Actinobacteria of the genus Rhodococcus, typical soil and aquatic biotope inhabitants, are characterized by high ecological plasticity and a wide range of oxidized organic substrates, including hydrocarbons and their derivatives. Their cell adaptations, such as the ability of adhering and colonizing surfaces, a complex life cycle, formation of resting cells and capsule-like structures, diauxotrophy, and a rigid cell wall, developed against the negative effects of anthropogenic pollutants are discussed and the risks of possible pathogenization of free-living saprotrophic Rhodococcus species are proposed. Due to universal adaptation features, Rhodococcus species are among the candidates, if further anthropogenic pressure increases, to move into the group of potentially pathogenic organisms with “unprofessional” parasitism, and to join an expanding list of infectious agents as facultative or occasional parasites.

scholarly journals Inositol phosphates: health implications, methods of analysis, and occurrence in plant foods

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quynh H. Duong ◽  
Karen G. Lapsley ◽  
Ronald B. Pegg
Keyword(s):  
Inositol Phosphates ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
The Relationship

Inositol phosphates (InsPs), especially myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6), are important binders of phosphorus and minerals in plant seeds. However, they have long been considered as anti-nutritional components of plant foods due to their possible negative effects on the absorption of minerals and proteins in mammals. On the other hand, recent findings have found InsPs to be ubiquitous in eukaryote cells and actively participating in multiple cell functions. In vivo and in vitro studies have also documented the preventive potential of these compounds against the development of a wide range of diseases. In light of these findings, interest in the relationship between these compounds and human health has been renewed. It is suggested that the interactions of InsPs with other nutrients in the gut are complex, that the absorption of dietary InsPs might be implied but is not certain, and that the disease fighting capabilities of InsPs hold both promises and limitations. At the same time, the analysis of these compounds in foods and biological samples still faces many challenges, calling for more advanced modification and developments in the future.

scholarly journals Application of the C-S-H Phase Nucleating Agents to Improve the Performance of Sustainable Concrete Composites Containing Fly Ash for Use in the Precast Concrete Industry

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6514
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Ludwik Golewski ◽  
Bartosz Szostak
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Nucleating Agents ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Sustainable Concrete ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Positive Effect

Siliceous fly ash (FA) is the main additive to currently produced concretes. The utilization of this industrial waste carries an evident pro-ecological factor. In addition, such actions have a positive effect on the structure and mechanical parameters of mature concrete. Unfortunately, the problem of using FA as a Portland cement replacement is that it significantly reduces the performance of concretes in the early stages of their curing. This limits the possibility of using this type of concrete, e.g., in prefabrication, where it is required to obtain high-strength composites after short periods of curing. In order to minimize these negative effects, this research was undertaken to increase the early strength of concretes with FA through the application of a specifically formulated chemical nano-admixture (NA) in the form of seeds of the C-S-H phase. The NA was used to accelerate the strength growth in concretes. Therefore, this paper presents results of tests of modified concretes both with the addition of FA and with innovative NA. The analyses were carried out based on the results of the macroscopic and microstructural tests in five time periods, i.e., after 4, 8, 12, 24 and 72 h. The results of tests carried out with the use of NA clearly indicate the possibility of using FA in a wide range of management areas in sustainable concrete prefabrication.

scholarly journals Transgenerational fitness effects of lifespan extension by dietary restriction in Caenorhabditis elegans

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1950) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward R. Ivimey-Cook ◽  
Kris Sales ◽  
Hanne Carlsson ◽  
Simone Immler ◽  
Tracey Chapman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Lifespan Extension ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Broad Variety

Dietary restriction (DR) increases lifespan in a broad variety of organisms and improves health in humans. However, long-term transgenerational consequences of dietary interventions are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of DR by temporary fasting (TF) on mortality risk, age-specific reproduction and fitness across three generations of descendants in Caenorhabditis elegans . We show that while TF robustly reduces mortality risk and improves late-life reproduction of the individuals subject to TF (P 0 ), it has a wide range of both positive and negative effects on their descendants (F 1 –F 3 ). Remarkably, great-grandparental exposure to TF in early life reduces fitness and increases mortality risk of F 3 descendants to such an extent that TF no longer promotes a lifespan extension. These findings reveal that transgenerational trade-offs accompany the instant benefits of DR, underscoring the need to consider fitness of future generations in pursuit of healthy ageing.

scholarly journals Fertilizing of young rubber in the Cameroons.

1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-178
Author(s):  
H.N. Hasselo
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Rock ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Second Year ◽  
One Year ◽  
Shallow Soils

The growth response to (NH4)2SO4, phosphate rock and KC1, given in all combinations at increasing annual rates of up to 24 oz/tree until the seventh year after planting, was measured by the girth increase of Hevea in three soils formed from the same parent material but possessing different nutrient status and depths to the root-impeding layers. Despite poor nutrient supply in the soil, lack of rooting depth had a greater effect on growth than had nutrient availability; while abundant nutrient supply reduced the unproductive period by half a year, this reduction was at least one year in shallow soils. Annual fluctuations in yield were reduced by balanced application of small amounts of fertilizers. Fertilized trees, opened up at 18-inch girth, yielded 430 lb/acre in the first year whether given balanced fertilizer or not; in the second year, trees given balanced fertilizer yielded 700 lb as compared with 580 lb without fertilizer. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Efficacy of Variable Tetraconazole Rates Against Cercospora beticola Isolates with Differing In Vitro Sensitivities to DMI Fungicides

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 1749-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin D. Bolton ◽  
Viviana Rivera-Varas ◽  
Luis E. del Río Mendoza ◽  
Mohamed F. R. Khan ◽  
Gary A. Secor
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Cercospora Beticola ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
In Vitro Sensitivity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fungicide Efficacy ◽  
Dmi Fungicides

Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) of sugar beet is caused by the fungus Cercospora beticola. CLS management practices include the application of the sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides tetraconazole, difenoconazole, and prothioconazole. Evaluating resistance to DMIs is a major focus for CLS fungicide resistance management. Isolates were collected in 1997 and 1998 (baseline sensitivity to tetraconazole, prothioconazole, or difenoconazole) and 2007 through 2010 from the major sugar-beet-growing regions of Minnesota and North Dakota and assessed for in vitro sensitivity to two or three DMI fungicides. Most (47%) isolates collected in 1997–98 exhibited 50% effective concentration (EC50) values for tetraconazole of <0.01 μg ml–1, whereas no isolates could be found in this EC50 range in 2010. Since 2007, annual median and mean tetraconazole EC50 values have generally been increasing, and the frequency of isolates with EC50 values >0.11 μg ml–1 increased from 2008 to 2010. In contrast, the frequency of isolates with EC50 values for prothioconazole of >1.0 μg ml–1 has been decreasing since 2007. Annual median difenoconazole EC50 values appears to be stable, although annual mean EC50 values generally have been increasing for this fungicide. Although EC50 values are important for gauging fungicide sensitivity trends, a rigorous comparison of the relationship between in vitro EC50 values and loss of fungicide efficacy in planta has not been conducted for C. beticola. To explore this, 12 isolates exhibiting a wide range of tetraconazole EC50 values were inoculated to sugar beet but no tetraconazole was applied. No relationship was found between isolate EC50 value and disease severity. To assess whether EC50 values are related to fungicide efficacy in planta, sugar beet plants were sprayed with various dilutions of Eminent, the commercial formulation of tetraconazole, and subsequently inoculated with isolates that exhibited very low, medium, or high tetraconazole EC50 values. The high EC50 isolate caused significantly more disease than isolates with medium or very low EC50 values at the field application rate and most reduced rates. Because in vitro sensitivity testing is typically carried out with the active ingredient of the commercial fungicide, we investigated whether loss of disease control was the same for tetraconazole as for the commercial product Eminent. The high EC50 isolate caused more disease on plants treated with tetraconazole than Eminent but disease severity was not different between plants inoculated with the very low EC50 isolate.

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