First reported quantitative microbiota in different livestock manures used as organic fertilizers in the Northeast of Thailand

AbstractNortheastern Thailand relies on agriculture as a major economic activity, and has used high levels of agrochemicals due to low facility, and salty sandy soil. To support soil recovery and sustainable agriculture, local farmers have used organic fertilizers from farmed animal feces. However, knowledge about these animal fecal manures remains minimal restricting their optimal use. Specifically, while bacteria are important for soil and plant growth, an abundance and a diversity of bacterial composition in these animal fecal manures have not been reported to allow selection and adjustment for a more effective organic fertilizer. This study thereby utilized metagenomics combined with 16S rRNA gene quantitative PCR (qPCR) and sequencing to analyze quantitative microbiota profiles in association with nutrients (N, P, K), organic matters, and the other physiochemical properties, of the commonly used earthworm manure and other manures from livestock animals (including breed and feeding diet variations) in the region. Unlike the other manures, the earthworm manure demonstrated more favorable nutrient profiles and physiochemical properties for forming fertile soil. Despite low total microbial biomass, the microbiota were enriched with maximal OTUs and Chao richness, and no plant pathogenic bacteria were found based on the VFDB database. The microbial metabolic potentials supported functions to promote crop growth, such as C, N and P cyclings, xenobiotic degradation, and synthesis of bioactive compounds. Pearson’s correlation analyses indicated that the quantitative microbiota of the earthworm manure were clustered in the same direction as N, and conductivity, salinity, and water content were essential to control the microbiota of animal manures.

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Pelatihan Pembuatan dan Pengembangan Pupuk Organik Cair Biokultur dan Biourin untuk Mendukung Sistem Budidaya Sayuran Organik

PengabdianMu Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ◽

10.33084/pengabdianmu.v4i2.891 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 99-104

Author(s):

Sri Anjar Lasmini ◽

Idham Idham ◽

Anthon Monde ◽

Tarsono Tarsono

Keyword(s):

Technology Transfer ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Development Program ◽

Farming System ◽

The Other ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Chemical Fertilizers ◽

Vegetable Farming ◽

Synthetic Fertilizers

In the development of vegetable farming by the community, there are fundamental problems which are generally carried out conventionally with the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides to determine the success of their farming. With the farming system, the community suffers a lot of losses because the inputs used are relatively expensive and on the other hand the products become cheap because the quality is not guaranteed. The solution to this problem is to develop bio-culture organic fertilizers and bio-urine whose raw materials are available in the region. The partner village development program aims to conduct training on the making and development of liquid organic fertilizer bio-culture and biourine to support the cultivation of organic vegetables. The method of approach applied is technology transfer (TT) and entrepreneurship capacity building (ECB) which is carried out with the Participatory Rural Approach (PRA) approach ) which in its implementation uses the method of lecture/discussion, training, making demo plotting, and assistance. The results achieved in the implementation of this program were that participants were able to make and develop liquid organic bioculture fertilizers and biourin and apply it to their farms as an alternative to chemical fertilizers

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Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Different Animal Manure and their Derived Organic Fertilizer

10.21203/rs.3.rs-29643/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yan Xu ◽

Houyu Li ◽

Rongguang Shi ◽

Jiapei Lv ◽

Bihan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Animal Manure ◽

Procrustes Analysis ◽

Organic Fertilizers

Abstract Background: The prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in animal manure poses threats to the environmental safety. Organic fertilizers fermented by livestock and poultry manure are directly applied to farmland, which would cause the potential outbreak of bacterial resistance in agricultural environment. This study investigated the composition of ARGs in different animal manure and their derived organic fertilizers. Results: Results showed that the abundance of several ARGs, such as sul 2, Tet B-01, Tet G-01 and Tet M-01 in organic fertilizer samples was 12%~96% lower than in animal manure. However, there was an increasing of Tet K and erm C abundance from animal manure to the organic fertilizers. No correlation between ARGs and environmental factors such as pH, TN, antibiotics was observed by Redundancy analysis (RDA). Procrustes analysis revealed the significant correlation between bacterial community structures and the ARGs abundance (r=0.799, p<0.01). Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis suggested that microorganisms in organic fertilizer may be derived from animal manure. Additional, pathogenic bacteria (especially Actinomadura ) would proliferate rather than decrease from manure to organic fertilizer. Conclusion: Overall, this research suggests that the composting treatment of manure could effectively reduce these ARGs and pathogens,even cause partial ARGs and pathogens proliferation. It also shows that the microorganism might significantly influence ARGs profiles in composting.

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Evaluación de dos abonos orgánicos líquidos en la producción del cultivo de pitahaya (hylocereus undatus) en el litoral ecuatoriano

La Técnica: Revista de las Agrociencias. ISSN 2477-8982 ◽

10.33936/la_tecnica.v0i20.738 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 29 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cesar Cabrera Verdesoto ◽

Rodrigo Paúl Cabrera Verdezoto ◽

Jessica Jessenia Morán Morán ◽

Joffre Stalin Terán Macías ◽

Humberto Manuel Molina Triviño ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

The Other ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Palabras Clave ◽

Hylocereus Undatus

Evaluation of two organic foliar fertilizers in the production of pitahaya (hylocereus undatus) cultivation in the ecuadorian littoral Resumen La producción de pitahaya en el Ecuador es variable en cada año dado que tiene marcadamente dos épocas en las que se obtiene su cosecha, una es entre febrero y marzo y la otra entre julio y agosto. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de dos fertilizantes orgánicos líquidos en la producción del cultivo de pitahaya. La investigación se realizó desde junio hasta septiembre del 2015 en la finca “FENIX”. Se utilizaron 300 plantas del genero Hylocereus undatus, los factores estudiados fueron los fertilizantes orgánicos líquidos (Biol y Purín) en dosis de 40 y 60 L ha-1 fraccionada en dos aplicaciones. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con cinco tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Los principales resultados mostraron que el abono orgánico Biol en dosis de 60 L ha-1, obtuvo los mejores resultados en todas las variables evaluadas siendo esta dosis la queermitió incrementar los rendimientos del cultivo de pitahaya, alcanzando un rendimiento de 7924 kg ha-1. Palabras clave: Biol; Purín; Fertilizante Orgánico; Pitahaya. Abstract The production of pitahaya in Ecuador is variable in each year since it has markedly two periods in which its harvest is obtained, one is between February and March and the other between July and August. The objective was to evaluate the effect of two liquid organic fertilizers on the production of the pitahaya crop. The investigation was carried out from June to September of 2015 in the farm "FENIX". 300 plants of the genus Hylocereus undatus were used, the factors studied were liquid organic fertilizers (Biol and Purín) in doses of 40 and 60 L ha-1 fractionated in two applications. A completely randomized block design with five treatments and four replicates was used. The main results showed that the organic fertilizer Biol in doses of 60 L ha-1, obtained the best results in all the evaluated variables being this dose the that allowed to increase the yields of the pitahaya culture, reaching a yield of 7924 kg ha-1. Keywords: Biol; Purín; Organic Fertilizer; Pitahaya. Quevedo, Los Ríos. Ecuador.

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PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK PETROGANIK DAN KOMPOS PADA VERTISOL BEKAS GALIAN PEMBUATAN BATU BATA TERHADAP SERAPAN N SERTA PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN JAGUNG

BUANA SAINS ◽

10.33366/bs.v17i1.582 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Bambang Siswanto ◽

Widowati Widowati

Keyword(s):

Soil Fertility ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

N Uptake ◽

Dry Weight ◽

The Other ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Random Block Design ◽

The Impact

The low level of farms income from agricultural sector mainly happens in dry season had to inappropriate soil cultivation. The utilization of soil for brick ste manufacturing is one of this case. The excavation process occurs on top soil inflicting degradation of soil fertility. Soil in the impact of this condition has a problem in providing chemical element for the agriculture, especially the lack of N. One of alternative attempts to increase the soil fertility in providing N on formerly brick ste excavation-soil is by supplying Petroganik fertilizer and compost. Petroganik and compost is an organic fertilizer containing N, P, K, the other nutrient, similar to the other organic fertilizers. The aims of the research are to determine the effect Petroganik fertilizer and compost application on N uptake and toward the growth of corn on former brick ste excavation-soil, and to know the chosen dosage which is resulting in growth and N uptake of corn. Research used is Random Block Design with 9 treatment and 3 replication. Dosage of treatment T0 : Control, Petroganik (14, 17, 20, 23) t/ha and compost (14, 17, 20, 23) t/ha. Indicator plant was used Hybrid Corn BISI 2. The result of experiment showed that : 1. Significant effect in increasing uptake of N the corn. The treatment of Petroganik 17 t/ha (P2) increasing 145 % and compost 14 t/ha (P2) increasing 93.8 %, 2. Insignificant effect on plant growth (height, number of leaf) However, it gives significant effect on dry weight of the corn biomass. The treatment Petroganik 17 t/ha (P2), increases 101.45 %, 3. The application of Petroganik fertilizer is more effective in increasing the growth and N uptake of corn than that of compost since the application of 17 t/ha of Petroganik has already increased the N uptake and growth of corn .

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Temporal dynamics of the gut microbiome and metabolome in preterm and term infants from birth through the first year of life

10.21203/rs.2.22382/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Polly Soo Xi Yap ◽

Chun Wie Chong ◽

Azanna Ahmad Kamar ◽

Ivan Kok Seng Yap ◽

Yao Mun Choo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Preterm Neonates ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Strictly Anaerobic ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Bacterial Composition ◽

Distinct Level

Abstract Background: Emerging evidence has shown a link between the perturbations and development of the gut microbiota in infants to their immediate and long-term health. In comparison to the healthy full-term neonate, preterm neonates experience disparate gut bacterial establishment (e.g. duration in the womb), colonisation (e.g. mode of delivery), and development (e.g. frequent use of antibiotics). To better understand the assembly of the gut microbiota in preterm infants, faecal samples were longitudinally collected from preterm (n = 19) and term (n = 20) infants, up to 12 months after birth. We characterised bacterial compositions by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (n = 141) and metabolomics profiling (n = 141) using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.Results: Significant differences in faecal bacterial composition between term and preterm infants were detected in sample collected in week 2, month 6 and month 12. Interestingly, separation of the bacterial composition between term and preterm infants was more pronounced at month 12 as compared to the earlier time-points, suggesting distinct level of microbial maturation in gut between the two groups. Intestinal microbiota of preterm neonates was consistently characterised by dominance of pathogenic bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae family and a paucity of strictly anaerobic taxa including Veillonella and Bacteroides relative to infants born at term. Consistent result was observed in the stool NMR spectroscopy in which clear separation in stool metabolomics profiles was observed between the term and preterm neonates.Conclusion: Overall, we identified a panel of amino acid metabolites and central metabolism intermediates in the preterm infants’ stool, possibly indicating incomplete fermentation of complex polysaccharides in the guts of these infants. In contrast, the term infant stool had significantly higher levels of metabolites which are commonly found in milk such as fucose and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA). Birth weight was selected as the best explanatory variable for the metabolomics profiles, pointing to the strong relationship between protein synthesis, as well as fucose and BHBA in physical development. By following both term and preterm infants for 12 months, our study reported the dynamic of gut microbial composition and their contribution to metabolism and potential impact to growth in neonates.

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Antibiotic resistance genes in different animal manures and their derived organic fertilizer

10.21203/rs.3.rs-29643/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yan Xu ◽

Houyu Li ◽

Rongguang Shi ◽

Jiapei Lv ◽

Bihan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Animal Manure ◽

Procrustes Analysis ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Animal Manures

Abstract Background: The prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in animal manure poses a threat to environmental safety. Organic fertilizers fermented by livestock and poultry manure are directly applied to farmland and have the potential to cause outbreaks of bacterial resistance in agricultural environments. This study investigated the composition of ARGs in different animal manures and their derived organic fertilizers. Results: The results showed that the abundance of several ARGs, such as sul 2, Tet B-01, Tet G-01 and Tet M-01, in organic fertilizer samples was 12%~96% lower than that in animal manure. However, the abundance of Tet K and erm C was higher in animal manure than in organic fertilizers. No correlation between ARGs and environmental factors such as pH, TN, and antibiotics was observed by redundancy analysis (RDA). Procrustes analysis revealed a significant correlation between bacterial community structures and ARG abundance (r=0.799, p<0.01). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis suggested that microorganisms in organic fertilizer may be derived from animal manure. Additionally, the abundance of pathogenic bacteria (especially Actinomadura ) would increase rather than decrease in manure compared to organic fertilizer. Conclusion: The diversity and abundance of most ARGs significantly decreased from animal manure to organic fertilizer. Microorganisms in the prepared organic fertilizer may mainly be inherited from the animal manure. The results also showed that the pathogens in the prepared organic fertilizer would significantly reduce, but would still cause partial pathogen proliferation.

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Identification of an N-acetylneuraminic acid-presenting bacteria isolated from a human microbiome

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83875-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhen Han ◽

Peter S. Thuy-Boun ◽

Wayne Pfeiffer ◽

Vincent F. Vartabedian ◽

Ali Torkamani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Human Microbiome ◽

Host Immunity ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Metabolic Labeling ◽

Selective Labeling ◽

Fecal Microbiome ◽

Acetylneuraminic Acid ◽

Intestinal Mucus ◽

Microbial Systems

AbstractN-Acetylneuraminic acid is the most abundant sialic acid (SA) in humans and is expressed as the terminal sugar on intestinal mucus glycans. Several pathogenic bacteria harvest and display host SA on their own surfaces to evade Siglec-mediated host immunity. While previous studies have identified bacterial enzymes associated with SA catabolism, no reported methods permit the selective labeling, tracking, and quantitation of SA-presenting microbes within complex multi-microbial systems. We combined metabolic labeling, click chemistry, 16S rRNA gene, and whole-genome sequencing to track and identify SA-presenting microbes from a cultured human fecal microbiome. We isolated a new strain of Escherichia coli that incorporates SA onto its own surface and encodes for the nanT, neuA, and neuS genes necessary for harvesting and presenting SA. Our method is applicable to the identification of SA-presenting bacteria from human, animal, and environmental microbiomes, as well as providing an entry point for the investigation of surface-expressed SA-associated structures.

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Conversion of Spent Coffee and Donuts by Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae into Potential Resources for Animal and Plant Farming

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12040332 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 332

Author(s):

Hayden Fischer ◽

Nicholas Romano ◽

Amit Kumar Sinha

Keyword(s):

Organic Waste ◽

Glycogen Content ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Black Soldier Fly ◽

Hermetia Illucens ◽

Hermetia Illucens Larvae ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽

Dough Stage ◽

Plant Farming

Nutritionally unbalanced organic waste can be converted into potential resources for animal and plant farming by culturing black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) and prepupae (BSFP). BSFL and BSFP are rich sources of protein and lipids, while the leftover excrement called “frass” can be used as an organic fertilizer. Using readily available resources, BSFL were cultured on spent coffee, donut dough or an equal blend for 35 days. Survival, productivity, daily pupation and biochemical composition of BSFL and BSFP were measured along with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium values of the frass. Survival was highest in the blend compared (81%) to spent coffee (45%) or dough (24%); however, BSFL and BSFP were significantly longer and heavier from dough. Stage and food significantly influenced the protein, lipid and glycogen content of the BSFL and BSFP, which tended to be higher in the latter. While fatty acids were often significantly higher in BSFL fed spent coffee, the amino acid composition of BSFL was generally higher in dough. Frass from the blend had significantly highest nitrogen content, while potassium and phosphorus were significantly higher and lower from spent coffee, respectively. Although coffee and donut dough were suboptimal substrates for BSFL, a blend of these produced BSFL and frass that were nutritionally comparable to soybean meal and many organic fertilizers, respectively.

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Detection of Food Spoilage and Pathogenic Bacteria Based on Ligation Detection Reaction Coupled to Flow-Through Hybridization on Membranes

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/156323 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

K. Böhme ◽

P. Cremonesi ◽

M. Severgnini ◽

Tomás G. Villa ◽

I. C. Fernández-No ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Bacterial Identification ◽

Dot Blot ◽

Culture Collections ◽

Ligation Detection Reaction ◽

Flow Through ◽

Food Safety And Quality

Traditional culturing methods are still commonly applied for bacterial identification in the food control sector, despite being time and labor intensive. Microarray technologies represent an interesting alternative. However, they require higher costs and technical expertise, making them still inappropriate for microbial routine analysis. The present study describes the development of an efficient method for bacterial identification based on flow-through reverse dot-blot (FT-RDB) hybridization on membranes, coupled to the high specific ligation detection reaction (LDR). First, the methodology was optimized by testing different types of ligase enzymes, labeling, and membranes. Furthermore, specific oligonucleotide probes were designed based on the 16S rRNA gene, using the bioinformatic tool Oligonucleotide Retrieving for Molecular Applications (ORMA). Four probes were selected and synthesized, being specific forAeromonasspp.,Pseudomonasspp.,Shewanellaspp., andMorganella morganii, respectively. For the validation of the probes, 16 reference strains from type culture collections were tested by LDR and FT-RDB hybridization using universal arrays spotted onto membranes. In conclusion, the described methodology could be applied for the rapid, accurate, and cost-effective identification of bacterial species, exhibiting special relevance in food safety and quality.

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The effect of nursery substrate and fertilization on the growth and ectomycorrhizal status of containerized and outplanted seedlings of Picea abies

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x08-156 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 64-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Lu-Min Vaario ◽

Arja Tervonen ◽

Kati Haukioja ◽

Markku Haukioja ◽

Taina Pennanen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Picea Abies ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Wood Fibre ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Ecm Fungi ◽

Influence Of Substrate

Over a 5 year period, we examined the influence of substrate and fertilization on nursery growth and outplanting performance of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). We focused on the relative growth and development of roots and shoots and the colonization intensity and diversity of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. In the nursery, a conventional substrate (low-humified Sphagnum peat) supplemented with woody material (wood fibre and pine bark) and either mineral or organic fertilizers yielded shorter seedlings than those grown on the unmodified substrate. However, after outplanting, the growth rate of seedlings cultivated on modified substrates was higher than that of seedlings grown on the unmodified substrate. Seedlings cultivated in modified substrates had significantly higher root/shoot ratios and ECM diversity; the latter remained significant after ≥3 years of outplanting. Seedlings grown on a substrate containing 50% woody material and supplemented with organic fertilizer had the highest growth rate among all seedlings during the 3 year period of outplanting. Colonization intensity of ECM fungi was high in all seedlings except for those grown in heavily fertilized substrate. This study suggests that nursery techniques that produce seedlings with higher root/shoot ratios and ECM diversities could improve plantation success and growth rate for at least the first 3 years of outplanting.

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