Relationship Marketing Practices in Community Pharmacies in Nigeria

The study identified the types of relationship marketing (RM) practices, determined the components of RM that fostered customer loyalty (CL) and evaluated the influence of the RM components on CL in community pharmacies. It was a cross-sectional survey of community pharmacies, pharmacists, non-pharmacist staff and customers. Random sampling was employed to select 40 community pharmacies, while purposive sampling was used to select four staff from each of the community pharmacies (160). Accidental sampling was used to select 510 customers of the pharmacies. Data were obtained with the questionnaire and analysed using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics. Social RM practices yielded optimal results. The RM components that were determined were trust (TR), commitment (CMT), competence (CP), communication (CM), conflict handling (CH) and accessibility, which accounted for 55.4% of the total variance that occurred in CL. All the components of RM had positive but significant influence on CL with varying magnitudes. The study revealed that the types of RM practices in community pharmacies were the giving of loyalty gifts to customers, personalised telephone CMs, calling customers by name and special greeting codes. Also, special discounts and credits were offered to certain customers in order to build relationships. All the RM components positively influenced CL. Easy A to the pharmacies and pharmacists proved to be most influential in building loyalty followed by CM. The study concluded that RM practices in community pharmacies hold a lot of promise for community pharmacies to sustain their existing customers.

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PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE AND SELF-EFFICACY AS PREDICTORS OF SEXUAL ABSTINENCE AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN MAKURDI METROPOLIS

International Journal of Advanced Academic Research ◽

10.46654/ij.24889849.s7571 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Anna Ngbea ◽

◽

Abraham Kwaghgbah ◽

Keyword(s):

Significant Influence ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Psychological Abuse ◽

Survey Design ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Sexual Abstinence ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

This study investigated the influence of Psychological Abuse and Self-Efficacy as predictors of Sexual Abstinence among Adolescents in Makurdi metropolis. The Cross-Sectional Survey design was employed where 208 adolescents in Makurdi metropolis consisting of 98 (47.12%) males and 110 (52.88%) females were used. Their ages ranged from 12-22years with a mean age of 17.54years (SD=3.78). Simple Random sampling technique was used to draw samples for the study. Three instruments were used for data collection; Child Abuse Scale, Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale and the Sexual Abstinence Behaviour Scale. Three hypotheses were tested using Simple Linear and Multiple Regression. Findings indicated that there was a significant influence of psychological abuse on sexual abstinence among adolescents. Secondly, there was a significant influence of self-efficacy on sexual abstinence among adolescents. Lastly, psychological abuse and self-efficacy are significant joint predictors of sexual abstinence among adolescents. It was recommended that the society should desist from abusing adolescents since it was known to affect their sexual behaviour.

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The Effect of Relationship Marketing towards Customers' Loyalty Mediated by Relationship Quality (Case Study in Priority Bank in Niaga)

DeReMa (Development Research of Management) Jurnal Manajemen ◽

10.19166/derema.v11i2.230 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 191 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Endang Ruswanti ◽

Widiyanti Permata Lestari

Keyword(s):

Relationship Quality ◽

Relationship Marketing ◽

Customer Loyalty ◽

Significant Influence ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Equation Model ◽

Conflict Handling

<p>A large number of banks let people be more free in choosing the best bank for their needs. People can freely switch from one bank to another which makes the loyalty level of bank customers decrease, even though the efforts and cost spent for maintaining the customers is cheaper than the efforts and cost spent on getting new customers. Relationship is one of the answers to the problem, relationship marketing is a marketing principle which emphasizes and takes effort in maintaining good long term relationship with customers. This research aims to, analyze the influence competence, communication, and conflict handling towards relationship quality, mediated by relationship quality, and towards customer loyalty. The research was conducted by collecting quantitative data through questionnaires distributed to 130 respondents. The objects of this research were the priority customers at Niaga Bank, and it used purposive sampling technique. This research conducted by using Structural Equation Model method. The result of this research showed that, (1) relationship marketing which consists of competence component, communication, and conflict handling have significant influence and positively towards relationship quality, partially and simultaneously, (2) relationship marketing have significant influence and positively towards customer loyalty which is mediated by relationship quality, and (3) relationship quality have significant influence and positively towards customer loyalty.</p>

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Evaluation of Antibiotic Supply Decisions by Community Pharmacists in Thailand: A Vignette Study

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10020154 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 154

Author(s):

Sisira Donsamak ◽

Marjorie C. Weiss ◽

Dai N. John

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Diarrhoea ◽

Community Pharmacists ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Educational Interventions ◽

Community Pharmacies ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Case Vignettes ◽

A Chain

In Thailand, antibiotics are available lawfully from community pharmacies without a prescription. Inappropriate supply of antibiotics from Thai community pharmacies to the public for common, self-limiting diseases has been reported. The study aimed to evaluate the appropriateness of antibiotics selected by community pharmacists in Thailand in response to vignettes. A cross-sectional survey of community pharmacists across Thailand was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire including nine case vignettes with three conditions, namely upper respiratory infections (URIs), acute diarrhoea and simple wounds. A total of 208 questionnaires were completed and analysed (20.8% response rate). In response to vignettes relating to URIs, 50.8% of pharmacist recommendations were not in accordance with antibiotic guidelines. Inappropriate recommendations for diarrhoea and wound cases were 20.8% and 16.7%, respectively. A higher proportion of younger pharmacists, those with less experience, Pharm. D. graduate pharmacists, employee pharmacists and those pharmacists who worked in a chain pharmacy were more likely to recommend appropriate antibiotic treatment in response to the vignettes (p < 0.05). These findings will be useful to promote educational interventions for community pharmacists regarding common infectious disease management in order to improve appropriate antibiotic use.

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Tourism and Commoditization of Traditional Cultures among the Himba People of Namibia

Editon Consortium Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Studies ◽

10.51317/ecjahss.v2i1.173 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 187-196

Author(s):

Anna Shilongo

Keyword(s):

Value Theory ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Tourist Destinations ◽

Research Designs ◽

Traditional Cultures ◽

Sampling Procedures ◽

Depth Interviews ◽

Local Leaders

The objective of the study was to investigate the Tourism and Commoditization of Traditional Cultures among the Himba People of Namibia. Globalization theory by Greg Richards and the use value theory by Marx was linked with this study. A mixture of methods comprising of descriptive cross-sectional survey, phenomenology and ethnographic research designs was employed to assess the effect of commoditization of traditional cultures among the Himba people through tourism. The study employed two principal data collection techniques: questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Stratified sampling and purposive sampling procedures were used. Purposive sampling was used as a non-probability sampling method in the sampling of key informants such as tour-guide, local leaders and museum employees. The study took place in two sampled villages in the Opuwo rural constituency, namely, Ohunguomure Village and Okatutura ka Vinjange, which form the major cultural tourist destinations. The sample size of this study was 98. Data was analysed using qualitative and quantitative approaches. Quantitative analysis was applied to close-ended questions, and the data were analysed in terms of frequencies and percentages using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Qualitative data obtained from open-ended questions and interviews were analysed thematically. The study concludes that commoditization of culture is diluting culture and destroys the originality of the culture. The study recommends the need for this Ministry to have a component or department that specifically works towards the issue of commoditization of the Himba culture in the Kunene Region.

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Influence of Customer Loyalty, Consumer Animosity and Purchase Intention on Consumer Ethnocentrism

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2018.v14n11p125 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 125 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bukola Victoria Bada ◽

Chibuzor Uchenna Onuoha

Keyword(s):

Customer Loyalty ◽

Purchase Intention ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cultural Relevance ◽

Additional Result ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Consumer Ethnocentrism ◽

Consumer Animosity ◽

Study Results

The study examined the influence of customer loyalty, consumer animosity and purchase intention on consumer ethnocentrism. The research was a cross-sectional survey which made use of purposive sampling technique to select 196 (males = 109; females = 87) undergraduates from two public universities in Nigeria. Standardized scales that measured customer loyalty, consumer animosity, purchase intention and consumer ethnocentrism were adapted into a questionnaire format and used for data collection after theywere revalidated for cultural relevance. Three hypotheses were tested in the study. Results showed significant positive relationships among customer loyalty, consumer animosity, purchase intention and consumer ethnocentrism (p<.01). Additional result revealed significant independent and combined influence of customer loyalty, consumer animosity and purchase intention on consumer ethnocentrism. However, gender did not influence consumer ethnocentrism. It was concluded that customer loyalty, consumer animosity and purchase intention were strongly related to consumer ethnocentrism. The findings of the study were discussed alongside recommendation.

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Community Pharmacists’ Perceptions towards the Misuse and Abuse of Pregabalin: A Cross-Sectional Study from Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9101281 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1281

Author(s):

Sultan M. Alshahrani ◽

Khalid Orayj ◽

Ali M. Alqahtani ◽

Mubarak A. Algahtany

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Community Pharmacists ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Male Dominance ◽

Community Pharmacies ◽

First Line ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

First Line Therapy ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Pregabalin is a first-line therapy for neuropathic pain and for chronic pain. It has abuse potential. This study was conducted to assess community pharmacists’ perceptions towards pregabalin abuse and misuse in the Aseer region, Saudi Arabia, and identify predictors and associated factors. A cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire following a self-administrative study was conducted across community pharmacies in the Aseer region (Abha, Khamis Mushait, Mahayel, Sarat Abeeda, Ahad-Rufaida, and Bishah). A total of 206 respondents from community pharmacists participated in the study. Over the last six months, 136 respondents (66.0%) suspected pregabalin abuse in community pharmacies; male dominance in pregabalin abusers was also recorded (n = 165, 80.1%). Additionally, 40 (19.4%) respondents stated that a prescription was not issued for pregabalin demands. Over half (61.7%) of community pharmacists recorded an increased change in pregabalin abuse compared to the previous year. This is the first study to explore pharmacists’ perceptions in the community of the Aseer region towards customers’ misuse and abuse of pregabalin. Further monitoring and regulations on the prescribing and procurement of pregabalin are needed to avoid abuse.

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PENGARUH KEPERCAYAAN MEREK TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN MEMBELI SHAMPO MEREK PANTENE (STUDI PADA MAHASISWI FAKULTAS EKONOMI UNIVERSITAS TADULAKO PALU)

Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Universitas Tadulako (JIMUT) ◽

10.22487/jimut.v2i2.55 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 187-198

Author(s):

Elok Cahyaningtyas ◽

Chalil Chalil ◽

Ponirin Ponirin

Keyword(s):

Hypothesis Testing ◽

Customer Loyalty ◽

Significant Influence ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Total Sample ◽

Brand Value ◽

Brand Trust ◽

F Test ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Independent Variables

The aim of this research is to determine simultaneous and partial influence of trust brand on the loyalty of student of the Faculty of Economics, Tadulako University, Palu to buy Pantene Shampoo. Sampling method in this research is purposive sampling; with a total sample of 96 respondents. The results of hypothesis testing using F-test show that the three independent variables that are brand trust (X) consisting of brand characteristics (X1), the characteristics of the company (X2) and the characteristics of customers with the brand (X3) simultaneously have positive and significant influence on the dependent variable customer loyalty (Y) with sig-F of 0.000 <0.05. Furthermore, the brand characteristic variable (X1) with sig 0,001, characteristic of the company (X2) with sig of 0.001, and characteristics of customers to the brand value of sig 0.004 <0.05, which shows partial influence on customer loyalty variable (Y). R2 values of 0.645 and brand belief variable (X) simultaneously influence customer loyalty (Y) of 64.5%, while the remaining 35.5% is influenced by other factors that are not examined. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara simultan dan parsial dari kepercayaan merek terhadap loyalitas mahasiswi Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Tadulako Palu. Teknik penarikan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 96 responden. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji F bahwa ketiga variabel independen kepercayaan merek (X) yang terdiri dari karakteristik merek (X1), karakteristik perusahaan (X2) dan karakteristik pelanggan dengan merek (X3) terbukti secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap variabel dependen loyalitas pelanggan (Y) dengan nilai sig-F sebesar 0,000 < 0,05. Selanjutnya variabel karakteristik merek (X1) dengan nilai sig sebesar 0,001, karakteritik perusahaan (X2) dengan nilai sig sebesar 0,001 dan karakteristik pelanggan dengan merek nilai sig sebesar 0,004 < 0.05 yang berarti secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap variable loyalitas pelanggan (Y). Nilai R2 sebesar 0,645 dengan demikian variabel kepercayaan merek (X) yang diteliti secara serempak memberikan pengaruh terhadap variabel loyalitas pelanggan (Y) sebesar 64,5% sementara sisanya 35,5% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti.

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Older adults experiences of technology use for socialization during the COVID-19 pandemic: A random cross-sectional survey (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.28010 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kristen R. Haase ◽

Theodore Cosco ◽

Lucy Kervin ◽

Indira Riadi ◽

Megan E. O'Connell

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Older Adults ◽

British Columbia ◽

Social Isolation ◽

Technology Use ◽

Random Sampling ◽

Population Based ◽

Critical Approach ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND Technology has become the most critical approach to maintain social connectedness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Older adults (over age 65) are perceived as most physiologically vulnerable to COVID-19 and at risk of secondary mental health challenges related to social isolation imposed by virus containment strategies. To mitigate concerns regarding sampling bias we used a random sampling of older adults to understand uptake and acceptance of technologies to support socialization during the pandemic. OBJECTIVE To conduct a random population-based assessment of the barriers and facilitators to engaging in technology use for virtual socialization amongst older adults in the Canadian province of British Columbia during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional population-based survey using random-digit dialing to participants over age 65 living in British Columbia. Data were analyzed using SPSS, with open-text responses analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Respondents included 400 older adults with an average age of 72 years old and 63.7% female. Most respondents (89.5%) were aware of how to use technology to connect with others and slightly more than half (56%) reported using technology differently to connect with others during the pandemic. 55.9% of respondents reported adopting new technology since the beginning of the pandemic. Older adults reported key barriers to using technology including: (1) lack of access (including finance, knowledge, and age); (2) lack of interest (including a preference for telephone, and a general lack of interest in computers); and (3) physical barriers (resultant of cognitive impairments, stroke, and arthritis). Older adults reported numerous facilitators, including: (1) knowledge of technologies (whether self-taught or via external courses); (2) reliance on others (family, friends, and general internet searching); (3) technology accessibility (including environments, user-friendly technology, and receiving clear instructions); and (4) social motivation (because everyone else is doing it). CONCLUSIONS Much data on older adults use of technology is limited by sampling biases, but the current study that used random sampling demonstrated that older adults used technology to mitigate social isolation during the pandemic. Virtual socialization is most promising to mitigate potential mental health effects related to virus containment strategies. Addressing barriers by mobilizing telephone training and task lists, and mobilizing facilitators described by participants such as facilitated socialization activities are important strategies that can be implemented within and beyond the pandemic to bolster the mental health needs of older adults.

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FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI CUSTOMER LOYALTY INDUSTRI ASURANSI DI YOGYAKARTA

Jurnal Riset Manajemen dan Bisnis ◽

10.21460/jrmb.2018.132.308 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Petra Surya Wijaya ◽

Kunto Wibisono ◽

Santi Budiman

Keyword(s):

Customer Satisfaction ◽

Service Quality ◽

Customer Loyalty ◽

Significant Influence ◽

Insurance Industry ◽

Subjective Norms ◽

Corporate Image ◽

Insurance Companies ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Interesting Study

Research on the insurance industry in Indonesia is an interesting study to do. The development of the insurance industry in Indonesia has increased by an average of 30% per year, even in 2016 there was an increase of around 78.1% compared to 2015. This makes competition among insurance companies more stringent. The topic of loyalty in the insurance industry is important for the survival of an insurance company.This study aims to examine the effect of salesperson expertise, subjective norms, service quality, customer satisfaction, commitment, corporate image, switching intention, and communication on customer loyalty. A total of 100 questionnaires were distributed to insurance users in Yogyakarta using purposive sampling. The results of the study state that all hypotheses built can be supported, or that there is a significant influence on salesperson expertise, subjective norms, service quality, customer satisfaction, commitment, corporate image, switching intention, and communication on customer loyalty. Keywords:loyalty, salesperson expertise, subjective norms, service quality, customer satisfaction, commitment, corporate image, switching intention, and communication ABSTRAK Penelitian tentang industri asuransi di Indonesia adalah studi yang menarik untuk dilakukan. Perkembangan industri asuransi di Indonesia telah meningkat rata-rata 30% per tahun, bahkan pada tahun 2016 ada peningkatan sekitar 78,1% dibandingkan tahun 2015. Hal ini membuat persaingan antar perusahaan asuransi semakin ketat. Topik kesetiaan dalam industri asuransi penting untuk kelangsungan hidup perusahaan asuransi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh keahlian tenaga penjual, norma subyektif, kualitas layanan, kepuasan pelanggan, komitmen, citra perusahaan, niat beralih, dan komunikasi terhadap loyalitas pelanggan. Sebanyak 100 kuesioner dibagikan kepada pengguna asuransi di Yogyakarta menggunakan purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa semua hipotesis yang dibangun dapat didukung, atau bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap keahlian tenaga penjual, norma subjektif, kualitas layanan, kepuasan pelanggan, komitmen, citra perusahaan, niat beralih, dan komunikasi pada loyalitas pelanggan. Kata kunci: kesetiaan, keahlian tenaga penjual, norma subjektif, kualitas layanan, kepuasan pelanggan, komitmen, citra perusahaan, niat beralih, dan komunikasi

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