scholarly journals The Wear and Tear on Health: What is the Role of Occupation?

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastian Ravesteijn ◽  
Hans van Kippersluis ◽  
Eddy van Doorslaer
Keyword(s):  
Wear And Tear

scholarly journals Controlled Heterogeneous Collection: The Role of Occupation Numbers

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (03) ◽  
pp. 595-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gerardi ◽  
P. Tardelli
Keyword(s):  
Class A ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
Occupation Numbers ◽  
Discrete Time Approximation ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Number Of Classes ◽  
Filtering Problem ◽  
The Value Function

A controlled heterogeneous collection of identical items is presented. According to their level of wear and tear, they are divided into a finite number of classes and the partition of the collection is allowed to change over time. A suitable exchangeability assumption is made to preserve the property that the items be identical. The role of the occupation numbers is investigated and a filtering problem is set up, where the observation is the cardinality of a particular class. A control on the dynamics of the items is introduced, and the existence of an optimal control is proved. A discrete-time approximation for the separated problem, which is a finite-dimensional one, is performed. As a consequence, an approximation for the value function is given.

scholarly journals The Role of Changes in Extracellular Matrix of Cartilage in the Presence of Inflammation on the Pathology of Osteoarthritis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maricela Maldonado ◽  
Jin Nam
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Cellular Component ◽  
Ecm Remodeling ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
Wear And Tear

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that affects various tissues surrounding joints such as articular cartilage, subchondral bone, synovial membrane, and ligaments. No therapy is currently available to completely prevent the initiation or progression of the disease partly due to poor understanding of the mechanisms of the disease pathology. Cartilage is the main tissue afflicted by OA, and chondrocytes, the sole cellular component in the tissue, actively participate in the degeneration process. Multiple factors affect the development and progression of OA including inflammation that is sustained during the progression of the disease and alteration in biomechanical conditions due to wear and tear or trauma in cartilage. During the progression of OA, extracellular matrix (ECM) of cartilage is actively remodeled by chondrocytes under inflammatory conditions. This alteration of ECM, in turn, changes the biomechanical environment of chondrocytes, which further drives the progression of the disease in the presence of inflammation. The changes in ECM composition and structure also prevent participation of mesenchymal stem cells in the repair process by inhibiting their chondrogenic differentiation. This review focuses on how inflammation-induced ECM remodeling disturbs cellular activities to prevent self-regeneration of cartilage in the pathology of OA.

The Hypothalamo–Pituitary–Adrenocortical Axis—An Overview of the Role of Glucocorticoids in the Pathophysiology of Endocrine Disorders and Perspectives for the Future

2011 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Christopher D John ◽  
Julia C Buckingham ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stress ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Adaptive Processes

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the end products of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenocortical axis (HPA) and, via activation of the ubiquitously expressed GC receptor, influence numerous physiological processes. GCs are also involved in the regulation of basal homeostasis as well as mediating adaptive responses to stress that act to restore homeostasis. This article discusses the various factors that are important in regulating plasma and intracellular GC concentrations and describes the genomic and non-genomic mechanisms used by GCs to influence cellular processes. We describe the concept of allostatic overload associated with chronic HPA activation and the subsequent development of tissue dysfunction and disease. While allostasis is associated with acute stress and a restoration of homeostasis, chronic stress is likely to induce allostatic overload owing to the sustained activation of adaptive processes. Increased wear and tear in GC-sensitive tissues can eventually lead to tissue dysfunction and disease. Chronic elevations in GCs can also induce dysfunction or disease associated with decreased tissue function owing to the prolonged inhibitory effects of GCs or the redistribution of metabolic resource away from physiological systems not involved in restoring homeostasis. Numerous endocrine-related disorders are associated with aberrant GC levels and in terms of pathophysiology may be linked with chronic tissue-specific alterations in GC actions.

scholarly journals Bøger i 1700-tallets nordjyske landsbyskoler

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Appel
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
The Government ◽  
Poor Children ◽  
High Degree ◽  
School Books ◽  
Bear Witness ◽  
Point Of Departure

This article takes its point of departure in a collection of inventories, presented to Bishop Bror Brorson on his visitation journeys in the diocese of Aalborg, Northern Jutland, in the 1750s. The inventories reveal considerable variations: the majority of schools had 3 to 30 books registered, some schools had between 30 and 60 books regisitered, while a minority of schools had no books at all. However, these books were only the tip of the iceberg. By analysing the school decree of 1739 as well as information in the inventories themselves, it can be demonstrated, how parents were responsible for acquiring the necessary teaching materials themselves. The books registered were first of all free copies for poor children, and some of these books were not even listed, as they had been given away to individual children.The inventories bear witness to a high degree of continuity concerning the schoolbooks used for elementary teaching: ABCs, catechisms, gospel books, expositions of the catechism. But it can also be documented that the government had succeeded in introducing Erik Pontoppidan’s new Pietistic exposition of the catechism from 1737 into all village schools. In contrast, there were no central regulations that dealt with teaching materials for writing and mathematics.Instruction in these subjects was a local matter. Moreover, the inventories reveal a number of book donations, especially from Pietistic pastors, and in some cases unique information about the bindings, as well as the wear and tear of schoolbooks can be found. Thus the inventories provide an intriguing window into everyday teaching practices and the role of school books in 18th century village schools.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Understanding the Role of Cartilage Lubrication in Osteoarthritis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 6122
Author(s):  
Yumei Li ◽  
Zhongrun Yuan ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Haijian Zhong ◽  
Weijie Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Cartilage Surface ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Lubrication Properties

The remarkable lubrication properties of normal articular cartilage play an essential role in daily life, providing almost frictionless movements of joints. Alterations of cartilage surface or degradation of biomacromolecules within synovial fluid increase the wear and tear of the cartilage and hence determining the onset of the most common joint disease, osteoarthritis (OA). The irreversible and progressive degradation of articular cartilage is the hallmark of OA. Considering the absence of effective options to treat OA, the mechanosensitivity of chondrocytes has captured attention. As the only embedded cells in cartilage, the metabolism of chondrocytes is essential in maintaining homeostasis of cartilage, which triggers motivations to understand what is behind the low friction of cartilage and develop biolubrication-based strategies to postpone or even possibly heal OA. This review firstly focuses on the mechanism of cartilage lubrication, particularly on boundary lubrication. Then the mechanotransduction (especially shear stress) of chondrocytes is discussed. The following summarizes the recent development of cartilage-inspired biolubricants to highlight the correlation between cartilage lubrication and OA. One might expect that the restoration of cartilage lubrication at the early stage of OA could potentially promote the regeneration of cartilage and reverse its pathology to cure OA.

scholarly journals A Longitudinal Study of Allostatic Load in Later Life: The Role of Sex, Birth Cohorts, and Risk Accumulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana van Deurzen ◽  
Bram Vanhoutte
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
The Life Course

Are challenging life courses associated with more wear and tear on the biological level? This study investigates this question from a life-course perspective by examining the influence of life-course risk accumulation on allostatic load (AL), considering the role of sex and birth cohorts. Using biomarker data collected over three waves (2004, 2008, and 2012) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing ( N = 3,824) in a growth curve framework, AL trajectories over a period of 8 years are investigated. Our results illustrate that AL increases substantially in later life. Men have higher AL than women, but increases are similar for both sexes. Older cohorts have both higher levels and a steeper increase of AL over time. Higher risk accumulation over the life course goes hand in hand with higher AL levels and steeper trajectories, contributing to the body of evidence on cumulative (dis)advantage processes in later life.

scholarly journals The Role of Proteostasis Derailment in Cardiac Diseases

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2317
Author(s):  
Bianca J. J. M. Brundel
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Protein Quality Control ◽  
Cellular Protein ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Central Factors

The incidence and prevalence of cardiac diseases, which are the main cause of death worldwide, are likely to increase because of population ageing and changes in lifestyle. Prevailing theories about the mechanisms of cardiac disease onset feature the gradual derailment of cellular protein homeostasis (proteostasis) and loss of the protein quality control as central factors. In the heart, loss of protein patency, due to flaws in design (genetically) or environmentally-induced wear and tear, may overwhelm protein quality control, thereby triggering derailment of proteostasis and contributing to cardiac disease onset.

ROLE OF NAVAN NASYA KARMA AS AN ANTI-WRINKLE TREATMENT IN AGEING PROCESS: A CASE REPORT

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshaya Patil
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Ageing Process ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Severity Rating ◽  
Wrinkle Treatment ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Married Female

Aging of the skin is the result of continuous "wear and tear" processes.  This study gives a case report of 35years married female patient with complaints of wrinkles formation in early age. This study was planned to evaluate the Role of Navan Nasya Karma as an anti-wrinkle treatment in ageing process. Navan Nasya was done by instilling drops of Yashtimadhukadi tail in the nostrils for 21 days. The improvement evaluation was done by Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS).It was observed that before treatment the score was 4 and improvement was seen until score 2. Further studies may be conducted by taking more samples with more number of sittings.

scholarly journals Wheel Alignment Detection using Raspberry pi

2018 ◽  
pp. 261-270
Author(s):  
Mulla Minaz ◽  
Soni Drupad ◽  
Tale Hetal ◽  
Gandhi Maulik ◽  
Dr. Sheshang Degadwala
Keyword(s):  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Tire Wear ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Wheel Alignment ◽  
Automobile Technology

Wheel Alignment detection using Raspberry Pi - The development of automobile technology is evolving and the influence of automobile stability to travel safely is increasing. A modern person usually has wheel alignments both for front and rear wheels. For that detection is needed, here comes the role of our device. Here 3 elements are important Camber, Castor and Toe which needs to be looked after for alignment. All four tires should be in straight line. A further thing which matters is Knuckle, Bearing and Jumper. By rash driving alignment gets disturbed which affects tire wear and tear. Here, user can get affected by frequent tire replacement which leads to cost on maintenance. Here, every tire calculations are different and they should be precise. For maintaining that using sensors calculations are maintained which can be done using Raspberry Pi and Python as implementation language.

scholarly journals The Relational Wear and Tear of Everyday Racism Among African American Couples

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Ong ◽  
Betul Urganci ◽  
Anthony L. Burrow ◽  
Tracy DeHart
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Affective Reactivity ◽  
Chronic Stressors ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
African American Couples ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

The wear and tear of adapting to chronic stressors such as racism and discrimination can have detrimental effects on mental and physical health. Here, we investigate the wider implications of everyday racism for relationship quality in a sample of 98 heterosexual African American couples. Participants reported on their experiences of racial discrimination and positive and negative affect for 21 consecutive evenings. Using dyadic analyses, we show that independent of age, gender, marital status, income, racial discrimination frequency, neuroticism, and mean levels of affect, participants’ relationship quality was inversely associated with their partner’s negative affective reactivity to racial discrimination. Associations did not vary by gender, suggesting that the effects of affective reactivity were similar for men and women. These findings highlight the importance of a dyadic approach and call for further research examining the role of everyday racism as a key source of stress in the lives of African American couples.

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