scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Evaporative Hybrid Water Cooler

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapnil S Bandgar ◽  
Suhas D Jagtap
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Thermoelectric Module ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Peltier Effect ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Water Cooler

The water cooler is a device which cools and dispenses water which is used to provide easy access to drinking water. The water coolers which are currently available in the market are works on the concept of VCR (Vapour Compression Refrigeration) System. These water coolers consume high electric power almost 250-350W, these systems also have huge impacts on the ecosystem due to CFC and HCFC emissions. Best alternative for existing VCR based water cooler is the system of evaporative cooling with thermoelectric cooler having affordable cost and eco-friendly. Hybrid water cooler works on the principle of evaporative cooling and Thermoelectric cooling, which provides cold water, hot water and it works as an Air cooler also. Evaporative cooling works on concept of evaporation of water and rate of evaporation is totally depending on humidity of surrounded air. By using evaporative cooling obtain the temperature difference of 8-10°C. During the hot day, the temperature of water in the water tank would be 40°C, then the evaporative cooling alone will not be sufficient to cool the water to 22°C, which is ideal temperature of water for drinking purpose. So, thermoelectric module works on principle of Peltier effect which can produce the temperature difference across its surfaces on applying potential difference across its terminals. As the thermoelectric module produce the temperature difference up to 40°C across its surface, it can easily cool the water to 20°C. More than 60% energy could be obtained by this system in comparison with respect to existing VCR based cooler, so this system can be used as an eco- friendly and cost effective.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Instant Water Cooler Using Thermoelectric Module

2021 ◽  
pp. 1130-1134
Author(s):  
Bhushan Hirudkar ◽  
Prajwal Yesansure ◽  
Mayur Maurya ◽  
Vihang Chaudhary ◽  
Jayshri Tagde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Thermoelectric Module ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Peltier Effect ◽  
Electric Heater ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Peltier Element ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Water Cooler

Hot and cold water is always needed for human being and we use different systems to get hot and cold water. The devices which are available in market for heating and cooling purpose have more costly and heavy like refrigerator, electric heater and solar water heater. So, we decide to make project on “fabrication of instant water cooler using thermoelectric module to get cold water and hot water at same time.” Peltier effect is used to get cold as well as hot water at same time with cheapest cost and applicable to use in residential area also. Our aim is toward developing a system which will provide cooling and heating effect at same time without moving mechanical parts. Thermoelectric cooling and heating system not require working fluids. This device can be used to cool water without refrigerants. And simultaneously heating can be achieved from the hot side of thermoelectric module to heat the water, this because of heat absorption and rejection using Peltier element. This compact design is very useful in elimination of CFC and it would replace refrigeration system.

scholarly journals Thermoelectric Water Cooler and Heater with Intermediate Water Tank

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3424-3427
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Thermoelectric Module ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Intermediate Water ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Thermoelectric Modules ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Water Tanks

This paper presents a mathematical model to investigate the effect of intermediate water tank for cascade configuration of thermoelectric modules in heating and cooling application. The system consists of two thermoelectric modules separated by an intermediate water tank. Another surface of each thermoelectric module is in contact with cold water tank or hot water tank. In the simulation, both hot and cold water tanks consist one kilogram of water. The mass of water in the intermediate water tank was set to 0.01 kg (negligible thermal mass), 1 kg (equal thermal mass) and 10 kg (large thermal mass). Set point for hot and cold water tanks was 373 K and 276 K, respectively. It was found that intermediate water tank with higher thermal mass enable a better temperature control and produces higher Coefficient of Performance for both thermoelectric modules. These findings are essential for the development of a three-stage temperature water dispenser using thermoelectric modules

Determinants of Legionella pneumophila Contamination of Water Distribution Systems: 15-Hospital Prospective Study

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Vickers ◽  
Victor L. Yu ◽  
S. Sue Hanna ◽  
Paul Muraca ◽  
Warren Diven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Environmental Study ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
One Year

AbstractWe conducted a prospective environmental study for Legionella pneumophila in 15 hospitals in Pennsylvania. Hot water tanks, cold water sites, faucets, and show-erheads were surveyed four times over a one-year period. Sixty percent (9/15) of hospitals surveyed were contaminated with L pneumophila. Although contamination could not be linked to a specific municipal water supplier, most of the contaminated supplies came from rivers. Parameters found to be significantly associated with contamination included elevated hot water temperature, vertical configuration of the hot water tank, older tanks, and elevated calcium and magnesium concentrations of the water (P < 0.05). This study suggests that L pneumophila contamination could be predicted based on design of the distribution system, as well as physicochemical characteristics of the water.

The Device of the Automatic Backflow in Solar Water Heater-Temperature Control and Backflow for Pipe of Water Heater

2013 ◽  
Vol 827 ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Xin Hao Li ◽  
Lu Kuan Ma ◽  
Wen Bo Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
Recycle Water ◽  
Delay Effect ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Solar Water

Now in general use in solar water heater, there is a long pipeline between water heater and tap, we have to empty the stored cold water before we use the hot water; and usually the water cannot meet required temperature due to the heating delay effect, thus the water also should be emptied, which leads to a waste of water resources. In order to solve this water wastage, we propose a device which can help to control the temperature and backflow of the water in water heater. The device accomplishes backflow of cold water automatically under the effect of gravity, and refluxed water will be stored in the recycle-water tank, thus ensuring the result that the water temperature satisfies the requirement. After the recycle-water tank is full, it will trigger the buoy to control the relay switch, then the water pump start to work to force the water into the water heater tank. Thus, realizing the recycling of water. This device can significantly save water resources in domestic water, and it has a broad market prospect.

Optimum Dimensions of an Obstacle Placed in a Hot Water Tank for Thermal Stratification

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mevlut Arslan ◽  
Necdet Altuntop ◽  
Veysel Ozceyhan ◽  
Mehmet Kanoglu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Collector ◽  
Thermal Stratification ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Bottom Surface ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Cylindrical Tank ◽  
Inlet Channel ◽  
Obstacle Geometry ◽  
Tank Water

Dimension of an obstacle placed in a hot water tank for thermal stratification is optimized numerically. Numerical method is validated using both experimental and numerical results. A cylindrical tank used to store heat for solar collector applications is considered. A cylindrical obstacle with a hole in the middle is placed in the tank and various f/H and g/D ratios of the obstacle geometry are considered. Here H and D are the height and diameter of the tank, respectively, where f is the distance from the bottom surface of the tank to the cold-water inlet channel and g is the diameter of the hole in the obstacle. Temperature distribution in the tank, water temperature supplied by the tank, and temperature differences at various tank inlet and outlets are obtained for various f/H and g/D ratios. The results show that placing obstacle in the tank improves thermal stratification, and thus it increases the temperature of water supplied by the tank compared with no obstacle case and that the best thermal stratification is obtained for obstacle dimensions corresponding to g/D ratio of 0.2 and f/H ratio of 0.13.

scholarly journals Experimental Evaluation of Evaporative Cooling for Enhancing Photovoltaic Panels Efficiency Using Underground Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 14-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arwa M. Kadhim ◽  
Issam Mohamed Ali Aljubury
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Back Surface ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Cooling Module

This paper presents an experimental study of cooling photovoltaic (PV) panels using evaporative cooling. Underground (geothermal energy) water used to extract heat from it during cooling and cleaning of PV panels. An experimental test rig was constructed and tested under hot and dusty climate conditions in Baghdad. An active cooling system was used with auxiliary an underground water tank to provide cold water as a coolant over both PV surfaces to reduce its temperature. The cellulose pad has been arranged on the back surface and sprays cooling on the front side. Two identical PV panels modules used: without cooling and evaporative water cooling. The experiments are comprised of four cases: Case (I): backside cooling, Case (II): front and back cooling (pump supply water every 35 minutes), Case (III): cooling both sides using Arduino controller. Water cooling pump operation depending on the panel temperatures (temperature sensors were installed on the front of the panel), Case (IV): Repeating case III with different water flow rates. Experimental results showed that the average reduction in module temperatures was 4, 8,12.2 and 12.6 ⁰C respectively by Case (I), (II), (III) and (IV) with respect to a non-cooling module. Using evaporative water cooling achieved a total improvement of 1.74%, 2.8%, 15.8%, and 16% in the conversion efficiency of the panel by the Case (I), (II), (III) and (IV) respectively when compared to a non-cooling module.

Numerical Modeling of Turbulent Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in a Tunnel Pasteurization Process

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. H. Zheng ◽  
R. S. Amano
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Turbulent Heat Transfer ◽  
Parameter Method ◽  
Turbulent Heat ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Lumped Parameter

Abstract The purpose of this study is to model the heat transfer and fluid flow in a tunnel pasteurizer, which can be used to predict the operation status of the pasteurization process. This modeling is very useful when some changes must be made to the design, operation, or the types of products to be pasteurized. Moreover, the model can be used to provide valuable data for the optimization of the pasteurization design. In the modeling two approaches have been adopted. One is the Lumped Parameter Method (LPM), which is used to model the whole pasteurization system, including pipes, zones and heat exchangers. The other one is the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technology for calculations of the heat transfer and fluid flow rates in the heat exchanger tank. A steady state model in a tunnel pasteurizer has been developed by using the LPM. The temperatures of the spray water and the products in the pasteurization process were calculated by employing this model. The comparisons showed reasonably good agreements between the predicted results and the experimental data. The pressure variations along the regenerative loops were also calculated. With the CFD technology, the numerical calculations of heat transfer and fluid flow have been performed on the temperature distribution in the cylindrical heat exchanger tank that provides a hot water through the top and a cold water through the bottom of tank. There are two outlets. In the heat exchanger tank, the tube arrays are set along the azimuth direction of the tank. This is a thermally stratified layered water tank that can control the four zones of the water temperatures.

Numerical Analysis of the Performance of Dual-Tank with Movable Baffle for Heat Pump Water Heater

2013 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Li Zhong Yang ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
Ya Cai Hu ◽  
Rong Hua Hong
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Heat Pump Water Heater ◽  
New Type ◽  
Water Tanks

The design of a new type of water tank for heat pump water heater is proposed. A movable baffle is set in the cylindrical water tank to prevent the mixture of hot and cold water in order to enable more hot water available for utilizing. The COP of the heat pump cycle increased due to the decrease of initial heating temperature, thus energy is saved. By numerical calculation, the performance of the new design is significantly better than previous water tanks. Comparing with the floating plate tank and common natural stratification tank, in the condition of water leaking 3% and Chrome-nickel steel wall, the available hot water efficiency of dual-tank with movable baffle is 40% and 50% higher and the energy consumption 12.3% and 13.9% lower. Moreover, little water leaking could increase the available hot water.

scholarly journals A Cost-Effective and Efficient Electronic Design for Photovoltaic Systems for Solar Hot Water Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10270
Author(s):  
Luis Cámara-Díaz ◽  
José Ramírez-Faz ◽  
Rafael López-Luque ◽  
Francisco José Casares
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Set Up

A significant percentage of energy consumption in buildings is to produce hot water. Photovoltaic solar heating can be considered a clean and renewable energy option—easy to install, silent, and without maintenance—to replace the consumption of fossil fuels used in this process. This paper presents a study that simulates the heating process using thermal electrical resistors powered by photovoltaic solar energy. For this purpose, a solar hot water installation has been set up. This installation consists of a water tank with an electric resistance connected to photovoltaic modules by means of a low-cost experimental electronic conversion system. This electronic system has been developed to avoid the need for inverters or batteries, typical of traditional photovoltaic solar installations. It is an isolated system since it is not connected to the power grid. The photovoltaic solar modules, the tank, and its heating resistance correspond to commercial models. This electronic system has a 95.06% yield, and it operates across the whole irradiance’s daily curve, having verified its operation over several months. Even though this is an experimental electronic device, it is financially viable as the cost of its components is below EUR 60 per kW peak capacity. The results obtained in a proper functioning system are promising, demonstrating the technical feasibility and economic advantages of using this type of isolated photovoltaic system to power heating processes.

scholarly journals Design and Development of Solar Powered Thermoelectric Refrigeration System for Rural Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 316-321
Author(s):  
Pankaj N. Shrirao ◽  
Rajeshkumar U. Sambhe
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Thermoelectric Module ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Peltier Effect ◽  
Refrigeration System ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Thermoelectric Refrigeration ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

The environmental degradation becomes a great matter of concern due to use and disposal of Chloro-Fluoro-Carbons (CFCs) and Hydro Chloro-Fluoro-Carbons (HCFCs) as refrigerants in conventional refrigeration and air conditioning systems. This leads to extensive research into development of alternate refrigeration systems. Solar energy which is renewable source of energy is available abundantly in the environment. This study deals with the design and development of eco-friendly solar powered thermoelectric refrigeration system. In rural areas where people have to deal with electricity problems, this thermoelectric module will be very helpful to them as it runs on solar energy. Vegetables, Food items and other different required things can be preserved in it. In thermoelectric refrigeration system, the mechanical parts and coolants which are used in conventional refrigeration systems get eliminated and a thermoelectric module is used instead which is cost effective and vibration free. The objective of this study is to develop a working thermoelectric refrigeration system to cool a volume of 5 lit capacity cabinet that utilizes the Peltier effect to cool and maintain a selected temperature range of 8<sup>0</sup>C to 15 <sup>0</sup>C. Solar panel is used to provide the required energy to run this system.

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