Antibacterial activities of clove Syzygium aromaticum and turmeric Curcuma longa essential oil on some pathogen bacteria implicated in periodontal diseases
The antibacterial activities of the clove essential oil (C), turmeric essential oil (T) as well as clove and turmeric (CT) essential oil were analysed against some bacterial pathogens implicated in periodontal diseases using agar well diffusion. The bacteria include Klebsiella oxytoca, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas flourescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter sp., Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli. At 15% concentration of the essential oils, both clove essential oil and the essential oil of clove and turmeric (CT) exhibited pronounced and varying degrees of growth inhibition zones against the bacteria (8.3+/-0.33-22.6+/-1.53 and 7.3+/-0.33-22.3+/-1.45). The MIC value for clove essential oil, tumeric essential oil and clove and turmeric (CT) essential oils ranges from 0.9-7.5%, respectively. The result shows that in general, clove essential oil has significantly greater zone of inhibition (mean) than tumeric essential oil. The bactericidal rate of clove essential oil against Klebsiella oxytoca and Bacillus subtilis was also determined. From our study, we can conclude that clove essential oil has more prevailing and sustainable antibacterial properties than turmeric essential oil even at a considerable low percentage. We recommend that clove essential oil not only has very promising potential for a broad-spectrum antibiotic drug against periodontal pathogenic bacteria. In addition, it can be used as an effective source of natural herbal antibiotics.