Clusters in the regional economy, their effectiveness and organizational approaches

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-55
Author(s):  
Н.А. Вязинская-Лысова
Keyword(s):  
Regional Economy ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The World ◽  
Cluster Efficiency ◽  
Regions Of Russia

В статьи рассмотрены теоретические подходы формирования кластерной экономики. Выявлены основные критерии эффективности кластеров. Рассмотрен опыт организации кластеров в странах мира и регионах России. The article discusses theoretical approaches to the formation of a cluster economy. The main criteria of cluster efficiency are revealed. The experience of organizing clusters in the countries of the world and regions of Russia is considered.

Conceptual visions of regional and global security

2020 ◽  
pp. 148-161
Author(s):  
Ihor Lishchynskyy ◽  
Mariia Lyzun
Keyword(s):  
Global Governance ◽  
Security Management ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Global Security ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Security Governance ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The World

Introduction. Under the influence of globalization and regionalization; the world economic development is becoming more dynamic but contradictory at the same time; creating new challenges and threats for both individual countries and entire regions. This exacerbates the urgency of forming flexible systems of security cooperation and finding solutions to regional and global security problems. Purpose. The purpose of the paper is to systematize research on regional and global security governance and a review of the balance of geopolitical forces in Europe. Methods. The research was carried out using the following methods: analysis and synthesis – to characterize the modern mainstream of theoretical intelligence in the field of regional security; comparative analysis – to compare the structures of regional security management in different parts of the world; deductions and inductions – to form a conceptual model of global governance; tabular and visual methods – for visual presentation of the material. Results. The paper considers theoretical approaches to the interpretation of regional security. It is noted that regional security governance is a set of institutions and activities at three levels: global; regional and national. A nomenclature of different types of regional security governance structures is presented; which includes a regional balance of power and ad hoc (informal) alliances; regional coherence; regional cooperative security; regional collective defense; regional collective security; pluralistic security community. It has been recognized that regional security management is provided not only by highly specialized or formal structures; but also by multi-purpose regional organizations; which initially pursued a combination of economic and political goals with growing security targets. Conceptual options for regional security governance at the global and regional levels are systematized. Based on the analysis of the mechanisms of global management; own vision of the relationship between the subjects of global governance processes is presented. Discussion. The crisis of recent decades has shown that no single group of global governance actors can act effectively to minimize global risks; which are both a challenge for business leaders and politicians in any country. That is why it is undeniable that global issues require global governance (especially in the field of security); the main goal of which should be to ensure global stability and sustainable development.

scholarly journals Modern aspects of treatment of allergic rhinitis

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
D. V. Shabanov ◽  
V. N. Fedoseeva
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
2Nd Generation ◽  
The World ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The importance of allergic diseases is due to their increasing prevalence in both developed and developing countries. The prevalence of allergic diseases in most countries of the world is 10–30% among urban and rural population. In the regions of Russia, the prevalence of allergic diseases reaches 19–40% among the adult population and over 27% among children and adolescents. The article deals with the main aspects of the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis as the most common allergic pathology. The features of antihistamine therapy with modern drugs of the 2nd generation and their influence on the links of the inflammatory process are considered. The data of studies of the effectiveness and safety of the original drug bilastine. Given the use cases bilastine in clinical practice.

Snacking Around the World

2017 ◽  
pp. 91-130
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Image Coding ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Image Set ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Biasing Effects

Social media platforms enable access to large image sets for research, but there are few if any non-theoretical approaches to image analysis, categorization, and coding. Based on two image sets labeled by the #snack hashtag (on Instagram), a systematic and open inductive approach to identifying conceptual image categories was developed, and unique research questions designed. By systematically categorizing imagery in a bottom-up way, researchers may (1) describe and assess the image set contents and categorize them in multiple ways independent of a theoretical framework (and its potential biasing effects); (2) conceptualize what may be knowable from the image set by the defining of research questions that may be addressed in the empirical data; (3) categorize the available imagery broadly and in multiple ways as a precursor step to further exploration (e.g., research design, image coding, and development of a research codebook). This work informs the exploration and analysis of mobile-created contents for open learning.

scholarly journals Economics of high-rise construction: the feasibility of skyscrapers building in the Russian cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 03056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Petrov ◽  
Daria Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The World ◽  
Moscow City ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The article considers the economic aspects of constructing high-rise buildings in the world and in Russia. Data on the number of high-rise buildings in Russian cities with a million population are presented. It is proved that interest in high-rise construction in Russia has been formed only in Moscow and partly in St. Petersburg and Yekaterinburg. The analysis showed that the reason for this is the expensiveness of high-rise construction. According to the enlarged macro-calculation, the cost of building 1 m2of the area of the Federation Towers complex (Moscow City) is about 2710 $/m2. Practically a possibility of return on investments in the foreseeable time interval exists only in Moscow. For the regions of Russia this task is rather complicated. Population density in regional Russian cities is quite low, business entities do not have the necessary financial resources for investing in high-rise construction, and investments from abroad absent.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Regional Knowledge Index for Sustainable Development of Siberian Mining Regions

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 04022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Kukushkin ◽  
Oleg Kalenov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Mining Regions ◽  
Regions Of Russia

At present time, the issue of defining indicators of sustainable development corresponds to the processes of modern economy development such as digitalization, technological convergence. They are going to replace mining from GDP of industrial countries and decease environmental pressure by expanding economy of knowledge. For the first time, the knowledge index was calculated by the World Bank. It should be noted that the World Bank calculated the indices for each individual country. This would allow developing the necessary decisions and government policies to build a knowledge economy. This goal is pursued by the authors of the article, but in relation to the sustainable development of the mining regions of Russia. The article discusses various approaches to assessing the regional knowledge index, and proposes a new methodology for its assessment based on the main determinant of the matrix and its logarithm. Based on the proposed methodology, the knowledge index was evaluated, which shows the conditions for the knowledge economy development in the mining regions of Russia. The rating of the mining regions of Siberian Federal District was built. The main conditions affecting the formation of the knowledge economy in the mining regions of Siberia in the context of their sustainable development are identified.

scholarly journals Why travel motivations and socio-demographics matter in managing a National Park

Koedoe ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melville Saayman ◽  
Andrea Saayman
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Pseudo Panel ◽  
The World ◽  
Travel Motivations ◽  
Tourism Destinations

The Addo Elephant National Park is one of only a few national parks in the world that offers the Big 7 experience and is therefore one of South Africa’s prime tourism destinations. The park plays an important role in the regional economy and has become a hub for tourism development. The aim of this article is to determine the extent to which socio-demographic and behavioural and motivational indicators influence the spending of tourists to the park. A better understanding of the latter could help marketers and planners to increase the economic impact of the park. Since 2001, surveys have been conducted among tourists to the park and have included a number of socio-demographic, behavioural and motivational questions. In this analysis, 537 questionnaires were used. The methodology used includes factor analysis, cross-sectional regression analysis and pseudo-panel data analysis to determine and compare possible influences on spending. The research identifies six motives for tourists travelling to the Addo Elephant National Park; these are nature, activities, family and socialisation, escape, attractions and photography. The research found that a combination of socio-demographic and motivational factors influences visitor spending decisions. Added to this, the research confi rms that tourist attractions, including national parks, differ from one another and that the variables that influence spending therefore also differ.

International Labor Migration in a Globalizing Economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Eteri Rubinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Labor Migration ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
International Labor ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Trends ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
International Labor Migration ◽  
International Labor Movement

International labor migration is a multi-level, multi-dimensional social phenomenon being studied by specialists of different branches of science. Scientific views on the content of the concept, causes, and factors behind it, consequences from it, etc., have been developing together with the progress of this phenomenon and are still developing it now. The chapter is dedicated to the influence of the world economic trends (globalization, integration, transnationalization) on the international labor movement and changes of theoretical approaches to its analysis in the historical development of society on the examples of relevant contemporary concepts.

Population Aging and International Conflict

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark L. Haas
Keyword(s):  
International Conflict ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
The United States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Dependency Ratios ◽  
The World ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Worldwide Phenomenon ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Most of the world has experienced a revolutionary and unprecedented development over the course of the last century and especially since the end of the Second World War: significant population aging. By any standard measure—median age, the number of 60- or 65-year-olds and over as a percentage of a population, or old-age dependency ratios (the ratio of seniors to working-age adults), most of the world is significantly older today than in the middle of the 20th century, and the trend is accelerating. The world’s great powers have not been immune to this trend. To the contrary, many of these countries have been leading the way, aging faster and to a greater extent than most other countries. By 2050, the median age of China, France, Germany, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States will be at least 40. Germany and Japan are currently two of the oldest countries in the world, and China is likely aging faster than any other country in history. How is the near worldwide phenomenon of population aging likely to affect international relations (IR)? Most scholars who have examined this issue have linked the potential effects created by aging to established IR theories. Most analyses that have developed around the issue of aging, in other words, have not created new theoretical approaches to the study of international politics. They have instead argued that aging is likely to affect key variables associated with existing IR theories, which will then tend to generate particular outcomes based on these theories’ predictions. The IR theories that studies of populating aging have most frequently tied into include ones from realist, diversionary war, and constructivist research programs. Many of the arguments that link the effects of aging to these theories reach opposite conclusions, with some predicting a much higher probability of international conflict due to aging, others the reverse. There are, however, very few empirical analyses that test these competing hypotheses, largely because aging is such a new phenomenon.

Dogs

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between humans and dogs has garnered considerable attention within archaeological research around the world. Investigations into the lived experiences of domestic dogs have proven to be an intellectually productive avenue for better understanding humanity in the past. This book examines the human-canine connection by moving beyond asking when, why, or how the dog was domesticated. While these questions are fundamental, beyond them lies a rich and textured history of humans maintaining a bond with another species through cooperation and companionship over thousands of years. Diverse techniques and theoretical approaches are used by authors in this volume to investigate the many ways dogs were conceptualized by their human counterparts in terms of both their value and social standing within a variety of human cultures across space and time. In this way, this book contributes a better understanding of the human-canine bond while also participating in broader anthropological discussions about how human interactions with domesticated animals shape their practices and worldviews.

scholarly journals Are We Consuming Too Much?

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Arrow ◽  
Partha Dasgupta ◽  
Lawrence Goulder ◽  
Gretchen Daily ◽  
Paul Ehrlich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Utility Maximization ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Current Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Sustainability Criterion

This paper articulates and applies frameworks for examining whether consumption is excessive. We consider two criteria for the possible excessiveness (or insufficiency) of current consumption. One is an intertemporal utility-maximization criterion: actual current consumption is deemed excessive if it is higher than the level of current consumption on the consumption path that maximizes the present discounted value of utility. The other is a sustainability criterion, which requires that current consumption be consistent with non-declining living standards over time. We extend previous theoretical approaches by offering a formula for the sustainability criterion that accounts for population growth and technological change. In applying this formula, we find that some poor regions of the world are failing to meet the sustainability criterion: in these regions, genuine wealth per capita is falling as investments in human and manufactured capital are not sufficient to offset the depletion of natural capital.

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