scholarly journals Nursing of prematurely born children: indicators of the effectiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
T. V. Gnedko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Republic

The study and monitoring of international indicators of the health status of premature infants is the current vector of scientific research in neonatology.Objective. To assess the effectiveness of the nursing technologies of premature babies in the Republic of Belarus based on the analysis of long-term indicators of morbidity, mortality and survival of the infants with extremely low body weight.Material and methods. Statistical reports data were used for a retrospective analysis of epidemiological indicators for the period of 2002–2018.Results. The proportion of premature infants in the Republic of Belarus was stabilized at 4,2–4,5% increase in the absolute numbers, including those born weighing less than 1500 g. The ratio of the absolute number of alive and stillborn infants with extremely low body weight is many times higher than the initial values (p<0,05). The survival rate of infants with a body weight of 500–999g up to 1 year increased 2 times to the maximum level in 2018 (81,5%). There was an increase in the overall incidence of premature children in 2002–2010 (p<0,05) and a decrease by 2016 (p=0,001), including those born with a body weight of 500–999 g. Respiratory distress syndrome, intrauterine hypoxia and asphyxia during childbirth, an increase in the frequency of infections specific to the perinatal period (p <0,05) were registered more often. Among the children born with a body weight of 500–999 g, the incidence of congenital pneumonia for the period 2002–2009 increased to a maximum level of 263,4 ‰ (p <0,05) with a twofold decrease by 2018. The republican mortality rate of premature babies was stabilized at the level of 0,95 ‰ in the last 9 years, while the indicator was decreased 5 times among children weighing 500–999 g.Conclusion. The assessment of the long-term dynamics of the main indicators of the health status of premature infants in the Republic of Belarus testified to the effectiveness of a complex of organizational and medical measures for their nursing.

scholarly journals Indicators of neonatal health of preterm infants

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
T.V. Gnedko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Perinatal Care ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Neonatal Health ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
The Republic

Relevance. Monitoring of indicators of the health status of premature babies is one of the current scientific directions in neonatology. Purpose — to determine the direction of long-term dynamics of indicators of neonatal health of premature babies in the Republic of Belarus. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of epidemiological indicators for the period 2002–2018 was conducted on the basis of data from state statistical reports. Results. The share of premature babies in the Republic of Belarus has stabilized at the level of 4.2–4.5%. The survival rate up to 1 year of infants with a body weight of 500–999 g increased by 2 times to the maximum level in 2018 (81.5%). Marked increase in General morbidity of prematurity for 2002–2010 (p<0.05) and reduction by 2016 (p=0.001), including those born weighing 500 to 999 g. more Often other diseases recorded are the syndrome of respiratory disorders, intrauterine hypoxia and birth asphyxia, increased frequency of infections specific to the perinatal period (p<0.05). The national premature mortality rate has stabilized at 0.95% over the past 9 years, with a 5-fold reduction in the rate among children with a body weight of 500—999 g. Conclusions. The assessment of long-term dynamics of the main indicators of preterm health in the Republic of Belarus showed the effectiveness of implementing a set of organizational and medical measures, including the functioning of a multi-level system of perinatal care and the use of health-forming nursing technologies. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of these Institutes. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the author. Key words: premature infants, morbidity, mortality, survival rate.

Smart Jacket Design for Improving Comfort of Neonatal Monitoring

2012 ◽  
pp. 361-385
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Sibrecht Bouwstra
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Patient Comfort ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Textile Sensors ◽  
Neonatal Monitoring

Health monitoring is crucial for the survival of ill and premature infants admitted at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in a hospital. The reliability and comfort of monitoring systems will impact on the quality of life and long-term health prospects of the neonates. This chapter presents the ongoing design work of a smart jacket for improving comfort of neonatal monitoring. Textile sensors, a reflectance pulse oximeter, and a wearable temperature sensor are developed to be embedded into the smart jacket. The authors also report a power supply and wireless communication system developed for the smart jacket. Sensor locations, materials, and appearance are designed to optimize the functionality, patient comfort and the possibilities for aesthetic features. Prototypes are presented for demonstrating the design concept, and experimental results for functional performance are shown from the tests on premature babies at the NICU of Máxima Medical Centre (MMC) in Veldhoven, the Netherlands.

scholarly journals Measurement of the absolute number of functioning low-density lipoprotein receptors in vivo using a monoclonal antibody

1995 ◽  
Vol 305 (3) ◽  
pp. 897-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Fitzsimmons ◽  
R Bush ◽  
D Hele ◽  
C Godliman ◽  
E Gherardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ldl Receptor ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Ldl Receptors ◽  
The Absolute

MAC188 S/S is a monoclonal antibody which can be used in vivo to measure the absolute number of functioning low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors in a rabbit. The antibody binds to the extra-cellular domain of the LDL receptor and binding is not blocked by the presence of LDL. When the antibody-receptor complex is internalized, receptor recycling is inhibited for several hours. Thus when saturating doses of MAC188 S/S are administered intravenously, the amount of antibody removed from the blood (minus non-specific removal) is determined solely by the total number of LDL receptors in an animal. In this study MAC188 S/S was used to measure the number of LDL receptors in control rabbits and in animals treated with 17 alpha-ethinyl oestradiol. After treatment (which caused a 47% decrease in plasma cholesterol), receptor-mediated removal of MAC188 S/S from the blood was saturated in both groups following injection of 3.0 mg of antibody per kg body weight. Based on the amount of antibody removed via the LDL receptor at this dose, the total number of accessible LDL receptors was calculated as (2.0 +/- 0.3) x 10(15) receptors per kg body weight in control rabbits and (4.0 +/- 0.4) x 10(15) receptors per kg body weight in oestrogen-treated animals. The number of receptors in various organs was also determined. The monoclonal antibody approach therefore, allows accurate determination of LDL receptor numbers in animals with markedly different concentrations of circulating LDL, conditions in which the use of endogenous ligand would be subject to significant errors.

scholarly journals Pediatric resuscitation, emergencies in pediatrics. Various infusion methods for children

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-99
Author(s):  
T. Erler
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Premature Baby ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Great Progress

Background. Medical care for premature babies in Germany is divided into two levels. Perinatal centers of the first level provide care for infants with body weight at birth <1500 g. Perinatal centers of the second level provide care for children whose body weight exceeds 1500 g. In order to be included in the list of first level institutions, the hospital must, among other, be able to pick up children from other institutions in the surrounding region. Mobile incubators are used for this purpose. Such an incubator is a kind of a mobile intensive care unit. In some cases, the incubator is delivered to the desired location by helicopter, but in most cases, specialized road transport is used. Objective. To describe neonatological medical care in Germany. Materials and methods. Analysis of own experience and available literature data on this issue. Results and discussion. In recent years, Germany experiences a decrease in the number of births, which causes the problem of professional training of doctors. Hospitals with the fewest births are closed due to lack of efficiency. Although there are some fluctuations from year to year, in general, the number of premature babies with extremely low birth weight remains approximately constant. Prematurity remains one of the most important problems of modern medicine, as it is accompanied by high mortality rates. The earlier the premature birth is and the lower the body weight is, the higher these rates are. Prematurity is caused by numerous risk factors. Multiple pregnancies are accompanied by the highest risk of premature birth. The presence of twins or triples increases this risk by 7.7 times. Other risk factors include vaginal bleeding in late pregnancy, preeclampsia, and a history of preterm birth. Over the past 20 years, the survival of children born before 32 weeks of pregnancy or weighing <1500 g has increased by almost 20 %. The smallest premature baby born in our clinic is a baby born at 24 weeks of gestation with a body weight of 350 g. Nowadays in Germany, the survival rate of infants born after 24 weeks of gestation is almost 80 %, and after 29 weeks – almost 100 %. It should be noted that maintaining the life of a premature baby from birth to discharge costs 250-300 thousand euros. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is an important problem of premature infants, especially in case of mechanical lung ventilation (MLV) or joining infections. Up to 40 % of children who die from complications of bronchopulmonary dysplasia can be saved. If possible, MLV and infections should be avoided, premature births should be prevented, so-called neuroprotective ventilation and nasal or mask devices that do not require intubation should be used. Surfactants have made great progress in the management of premature infants. The modern LISA (less invasive surfactant administration) method allows to inject a surfactant into a child’s lungs without intubation. In the early 20th century, 100 % oxygen was used in the resuscitation of newborns, but now we use air (21 % oxygen) or a mixture containing up to 30 % oxygen. To prevent necrotizing enterocolitis, premature infants are prescribed probiotics based on lyophilized lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. Breast milk is an another way to prevent this complication of prematurity. There is a breast milk bank in Potsdam. Conclusions. 1. Prematurity remains one of the most important problems of modern medicine, as it is accompanied by high mortality rates. 2. Multiple pregnancies are accompanied by the highest risk of premature birth. 3. Nowadays in Germany, the survival rate of children born after 24 weeks of gestation is almost 80 %, and after 29 weeks – almost 100 %. 4. Surfactants and the LISA method have made great progress in the management of premature infants. 5. Probiotics and breast milk are prescribed to premature babies to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis.

scholarly journals The recombinant human erythropoietin therapy for extremely and very low birth weight infants

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Sharafutdinova ◽  
E. N. Balashova ◽  
O. V. Ionov ◽  
A. R. Kirtbaya ◽  
J. M. Golubtsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Recombinant Human Erythropoietin ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Human Erythropoietin ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Anemia Of Prematurity

Anemia of prematurity is a common pathology in premature infants. The prevalence of anemia of prematurity is inversely proportional to the gestational age and body weight at birth. The pathogenetic importance of impaired erythropoietin (EPO) production in anemia of prematurity provides the rationale for therapy with erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) including recombinant EPO. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of different regimens of recombinant human erythropoietin in extremely and very low birth weight infants (ELBW and VLBW) was studied. Research has been set as a prospective analysis of 133 VLBW and ELBW infants (in the period from December 2017 to February 2019). Gestational age (GA) of the children ranged from 26 to 33 weeks, of these, GA of 75 children (56%) was 30 weeks or less. Depending on the treatment of anemia of prematurity all infants were divided into 5 groups: group 1 (n = 26) – premature babies who were prescribed ESAs since 3 day of life 200 IU/kg 3 times per week subcutaneously; group 2 (n = 21) – premature babies who were prescribed ESAs since 3 day of life 400 IU/kg 3 times per week subcutaneously; group 3 (n = 37) – premature babies who were prescribed ESAs since 8 day of life 200 IU/kg 3 times per week subcutaneously; group 4 (n = 18) – premature babies who were prescribed ESAs since 8 day of life 400 IU/kg 3 times per week subcutaneously; group 5 (n = 31) premature infants who did not receive treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin (control group). Subgroups of children of gestational age ≤ 30 weeks were identified in each group. The groups and subgroups did not differ significantly in gestational age, weight, birth length, and Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes of life, p > 0.05. Also, there were no statistically significant differences in the age of the 1st transfusion, the frequency and total volume of transfusions, the duration of respiratory therapy, the duration of hospitalization, including treatment in NICU, body weight and age at discharge. The frequency of retinopathy of prematurity stage ≥ 3, periventricular leukomalacia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia of moderate and severe severity, intraventricular hemorrhages of varying severity, necrotizing enterocolitis was not statistically significant in the study groups and subgroups. Statistically significant differences in the concentration of hemoglobin in the peripheral blood of premature infants were revealed at discharge. In the control group, children had a lower level of hemoglobin at discharge (94 g/l) compared with the groups with early appointment of ESAs (109 g/l and 107 g/l in groups 1 and 2, respectively, P0-1 = 0.048 and P0-2 = 0.047) due to newborn GA ≤ 30 weeks. It is preferable to use of the drug ESAs at a dose of 200 IU/kg 3 p/week p/, starting from the 3rd day of life. The effectiveness of erythropoietin therapy, the time of its start and various treatment regimens remain controversial issues that require further study. The study was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee of the National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov.

scholarly journals On the possible mechanisms of a positive effect on the retina of goggles with red filters in premature infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
M. V. Zueva ◽  
O. A. Ushnikova ◽  
L. A. Katargina
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Near Infrared Radiation ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Prematurely Born Infants

In recent publications, positive results have been reported with the use of glasses with red protective filters in prematurely born infants with low body weight, which were presumably associated with a decrease in the levels of illumination of the environment of the child. However, to date, it has not been proven that a decrease in the amount of light reaching the retina of the newborn affects the frequency and severity of retinopathy of prematurity (RP). The analysis of the literature on the therapeutic effect of various modes of red and near infrared radiation on the retina is presented, which allowed a different look at the protective mechanisms of glasses-filters in premature babies. It has been suggested and substantiated that the observed effect may relate to the phenomenon of pre-conditioning photostimulation, which reduces the risk of developing RP and reduces the severity of the disease due to the induction of adaptive plastic reactions in the retina.

Perinatal Brain Injury in the Premature Infant

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Martha Wilson Jones ◽  
W. Thomas Bass
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Premature Infant ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Perinatal Brain Injury ◽  
Neurologic Deficits ◽  
Neurologic Disability ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
High Risk Infants

APPROXIMATELY 85 PERCENT OF infants with birth weights ≤1,500 gm now survive.1 Infants with birth weights <1,000 gm—the group contributing most to this increase in survival—have the greatest incidence of brain injury. Overall, the rates of neurologic disability have remained the same; therefore, the survival of more high-risk infants has increased the absolute number of NICU graduates with neurologic deficits.2–4 This concerns all involved in the care and lives of premature infants.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Booklet Stimulasi Intervensi Pertumbuhan Dan Perkembangan Pada Bayi Prematur Terhadap Peningkatan Pertumbuhan Dan Perkembangan Bayi

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Rosalinna Rosalinna ◽  
Asti Andriyani
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Before And After

Background: Premature infants have a risk of death in the first year of life mainly due to prematurity. Developmental stimulation interventions in premature infants can have a positive impact on weight gain and infant development. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the application of growth and development intervention booklets on mothers who had a premature baby to increase the growth and development of infants aged 0-6 months in Karanganyar Regency. Method: The method used in this study is the method in this study. This research uses a quantitative method with a Quasy experiment in the form of a pre-post test design. The sample in this study was Mother and Baby in Karanganyar District who had met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The results of this study showed that there were differences in body weight and height growth before and after the study in the control group (ρ <0.05). There were no differences in development before and after the study in the control group (ρ> 0.05). There were differences in body weight and height growth before and after the study in the intervention group (ρ <0.05). There are differences in development before and after the study in the control group (ρ <0.05). There is no effect of the application of growth intervention booklet stimulation, but there is a developmental influence on premature infants aged 0-6 months in Karanganyar Regency. Conclusion: SDIDTK booklet can significantly improve the development of premature babies. It is expected that parents can provide stimulation to premature babies well to increase growth and development

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF HEART RATE IN LATE PREMATURE NEWBORNS WITH PERINATAL AFFECTION OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
H.O. Soloviova
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Bioelectrical Activity ◽  
Correct Treatment ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Group Ii

The adaptation of late premature babies to the new life conditions is difficult and requires careful monitoring of all vital parameters in the postnatal period. The general immaturity of the newborns in combination with the metabolic and hypoxic disorders "leaves only a narrow corridor" to develop babies their compensatory possibilities. There is an urgent need to investigate posthypoxic myocardial ischemia in newborns due to the fact that in the neonatal period, early diagnosis and correct treatment can prevent long-term adverse consequences of existing disorders. The aim of this study was to develop an approach for early detection of cardiac rhythm disturbances and conduction disorders in late premature infants, who underwent perinatal hypoxia. A single-center study included 93 late premature babies who were born at the Perinatal Center, Poltava, in 2019 – 2020. Group I consisted of newborns (n ​​= 47) with hypoxic-ischemic damage of the central nervous system; group II included premature babies (n = 46) with hypoxic-hemorrhagic damage of the central nervous system. Long-term monitoring of the electrocardiogram was performed with further conversion of the altered QRST-QRST complexes into 2D format with a multi-coloured representation of all components of the ventricular electrical systole. Among heterotopic cardiac arrhythmias, supraventricular extrasystoles were most often recorded in 89.4 ± 4.8% of the children of group I and in 67.4 ± 6.1% of newborns in group II with daytime distribution in both groups. Ventricular extrasystoles were found as significantly more frequent in newborns of group I (21.3 ± 6.3%) compared with children in group II (10.9 ± 6.1%), with a significant increase in the area of ​​ectopic ventricular complexes (1492.2) that indicates a prolonged depolarization process. The study of the bioelectrical activity of the heart based on the findings obtained by monitoring the electrocardiogram with the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the convertible QRST-QRST complexes increases the efficiency of visual diagnosis of electrical instability of the myocardium in late premature infants with perinatal damage of the central nervous system.

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