scholarly journals THE IMAGEIS OF GERMAN CITIES IN RUSSIAN TRAVELOGUES AT THE TURN OF XIX CENTURY

2017 ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
S. S. Zhdanov
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Cultural Artifacts ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Figures Of Speech ◽  
Space Limitation ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
German Cities

The  paper  deals  with  specific  features  of  representing  German  cities and towns   in   Russian   travelogues   at   the   turn   of   the   XIX century   written by V. N. Zinov'ev,  D. I. Fonvizin,  N. M. Karamzin  and  F. P. Lubyanovskiy.  These texts reflect pursuance of Russian self-identity on the basis of comparison with Western Europe, in particular, with Germany. The Russian authors focus on culturespecific elements of the represented locuses. Cleanness, comfort, space limitation and closeness should also be mentioned as characteristics of the German urban chronotopos. The urban locus is represented from two points of view: as a space of cultural artifacts and as an anthropic space of citizens. The second aspect is important for N. M. Karamzin and F. P. Lubyanovskiy’s sentimentalistic texts but can hardly be found  in  works  by  V. N. Zinov'ev  and  D. I. Fonvizin.  The  urban  descriptions in sentimentalists’ travelogues are more voluminous, filled with figures of speech, different historic and contemporaneous realia. 

IN ADDITION TO THE DEBATE ON THE MILITARY AND POLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF N. G. STOLETOV'S SUMMER MISSION TO AFGHANISTAN IN 1878

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
A.B. ARBEKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Natural Consequence ◽  
British India ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
Major General

The article analyzes the events that led to the beginning of the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878-1881). In particular, the military and political side of the Anglo-Russian conflict at the final stage of the Eastern crisis (1875-1878) is sub-jected to a more detailed study. The author examines in details a particular episode – the departure to Afghanistan in the summer of 1878 the diplomatic mission of Major-General N. G. Stoletov to conclude an alliance against England, which was accompanied with a military demon-stration of the Russian army in relation to British India. Based on the comparison of the domestic and foreign researcher’s points of view, as well as by involving various groups of historical sources, an attempt is made to give an objective assessment of these events and to identify their influence on the genesis of the second Anglo-Afghan war, which became a natural consequence of the Anglo-Russian rivalry in the East at the end of the XIX century.

DNA polymorphism of dogs (Canis familiaris L.). I. Origin, distribution of dogs in the light of molecular biological data about their mitochondrial and nuclear genomes

Biomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-308
Author(s):  
D.A. Chemeris ◽  
Yu.R. Giniyatov ◽  
R.R. Garafutdinov ◽  
A.V. Chemeris
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Dna Polymorphism ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Canis Familiaris ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Nuclear Genomes ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Mtdna Polymorphism

Information is given on the size and organization of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes of dogs, including information on polymorphisms of some loci used to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of wolves and the first dogs, including hypotheses about the places of domestication of ancient now extinct wolves and the dates of these events. It is noted that the introduction of molecular biological methods in archaeology has allowed to obtain the principally new data on ancient wolves and dogs. Based on mtDNA polymorphism and nuclear DNA polymorphism, migration routes of already domesticated dogs together with humans have been tracked. The previously existing points of view about the origin of the first dogs in Western Europe, as well as in East Asia, have been supplemented in recent years by assumptions about the appearance of the first proto-dogs in Siberia.

scholarly journals Ioannites - the course of the chiliastic-eschatological orientation of Orthodox origin

2006 ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
Liudmyla M. Shuhayeva
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
Kingdom Of Christ ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One ◽  
Xix Century

In the first decades of the XIX century. the territory of the Russian Empire from Western Europe is beginning to penetrate chiliastic ideas. The term "chiliism" refers to the well-known doctrine of the millennial kingdom of Icyca Christ on earth, dating to the first centuries of Christianity. The ideas of chilias became especially popular during the reign of Alexander I, who himself was sympathetic to the mystical-chiliatic teachings. Chilias in the Russian Empire spread in two ways. On the one hand, chiliastic ideas penetrated with the works of German mystics of the late eighteenth - early twentieth centuries. On the other hand, in anticipation of the fast approaching of the millennial kingdom of Christ, the German cultists of the Hiliists moved large parties across southern Russia to the Caucasus, thereby facilitating the spread of their ideas. The religious formations of the Orthodox sectarianism of the chiliastic-eschatological orientation are represented by the Jehovah-Hlinists ("Right Brotherhood"), the Ioannites, and the Malavans.

scholarly journals Transformations of corporatism in neoliberal era

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-278
Author(s):  
P. S. Kanevskiy
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
Political Pluralism ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Current State ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
Post War ◽  
Xix Century

This article is devoted to the study of the formation and current state of corporatism in Western European countries. Author shows how the evolution of corporatism took place since the XIX century and how corporatism was transforming during the XX century. Particular attention is paid to the last stage of the development of corporatism, which is associated with the evolution of neoliberalism and political pluralism. Corporatism is seen as a form of interaction between organized groups of society and the state, and as a political-ideological category rooted in medieval social philosophy. Corporatism flourished in the post-war decades, when most of the countries of Western Europe took the path of creating vertically integrated associative groups representing the interests of the main socio-economic groups, primarily business and employees. At the same time, corporatism has always been built on a clear value foundation, which implies the pursuit of public interests and the equal distribution of resources among all parties of corporate agreements. The article shows how the onset of neoliberalism led to a reduction in the role of corporatism. Since the 1990s, in those countries that traditionally lined up to the process of agreeing on and adopting key political decisions on a corporate basis, there has been an obvious pluralisation of the systems of interest groups, which is increasingly replacing the tradition and practice of corporatism. At the same time, corporatism does not disappear; in many countries it remains an important element of collective bargaining, but its nature and content are changing. We can conclude that the classic concepts of corporatism are not able to fully explain its current state, it is necessary to use new approaches that could reveal the essence of the transformations taking place.

scholarly journals Evolution of Views on the Value of Scientific Knowledge in Western Philosophy

Discourse ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
L. A. Pafomova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Self Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Religious Understanding

Introduction. Evolution of views on the value of scientific knowledge in various directions of Western philosophy, from the ancient period to the 20th century is analyzed in the article. The relevance of the article is due to the fact that the view of scientific knowledge as the value of scientific reality is a fairly new phenomenon.Methodology and sources. The methodological basis of the work is the cultural and philosophical analysis of various points of view in the works of both ancient philosophers, philosophers of the Renaissance and the New times (Plato, Aristotle, Pythagoras, F. Aquinas, Leonard da Vinci, F. Bacon, Locke, Hobbes, Descartes, Spinoza), as well as in the works of O. Comte, Spencer, Mach, Poincare, Pierce, James, Dewey, Jaspers, B. Russell, etc. (i.e. representatives of positivism, existentialism, neo-Thomism).Results and discussion. Today two directions could be distinguished in the relation to science: either its absolutization, that we name scientism, or the cult of an abstract person opposed to science – anthropologism. This is a consequence of the changes in the views on scientific knowledge that have taken place throughout the history of science. Thus, in the ancient period, the value of science was determined, firstly, not in relation to the practical activity of a human being, but only in relation to science to knowledge and cognition, and secondly, as a way of self-development of the individual. In the Middle Ages, science was the “handmaid” of theology. In the Renaissance science faced new challenges: the first was an anti-religious understanding of the essence of a person, the second was the justification of the role of scientific knowledge both for practice and for the worldview as a whole. It was on this understanding of the meaning of scientific knowledge that the concepts of the philosophers of the XVII–XVIII centuries were built, and they dominated until the middle of the XIX century. From this period, a one-sided approach begins to dominate – the ideological role of the value of science was denied and only its pragmatic value is taken. Along with this, there is also a critical attitude towards science, which then develops into anti-scientism. Today, a pessimistic approach (postmodernism, for example) the approach to the consideration of the value of scientific knowledge is characteristic of modern philosophical trends that deny not only the value of scientific knowledge, but also deny knowledge itself.Conclusion. The evaluation of scientific knowledge in Western philosophy has undergone significant changes. If in classical philosophy, with a few exceptions, the recognition of the comprehensive value of science prevailed, i.e. its ideological, humanistic and practical value, then in the future all these three main aspects of the value of scientific knowledge are analyzed. In the extreme forms, this leads to the emergence of antiscientism, for which it is the development of scientific knowledge is perceived as a source of human misery and suffering.

scholarly journals North Africa in Russian Travelers Perception: Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt in Russian Travelogues

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-513
Author(s):  
Samiha Mulahi
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
North African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
North African Countries

The article is devoted to the analysis of Russian travelers ideas about North African countries (Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt) in the period from the end of the XIX century to the beginning of the XX century. The paper considers the perception of this geographical area by Russian travelers in literary travelogues. North Africa in the designated period of time was considered not only as the cradle of ancient and great civilization, but also as a Europeanized, modernized territory of the Arab area. The travelogues analyzed in the article make it possible to distinguish in them two different cultural pictures of the world - North Africa and the picture of the world of Western Europe reflected in it.

scholarly journals Influence of France on the formation of ballroom choreography in the context of Western Europe culture development in the XVI — early XXI centuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 166-171
Author(s):  
T. Pavliuk
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Active Member ◽  
Ballroom Dancing ◽  
The World ◽  
French Culture ◽  
Ballroom Dance ◽  
Culture Development ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Positive Effect

The purpose of this paper to analyze the transformations in the French ballroom and choreographic practice, in the context of the development of culture of Western European countries of the XVI — early XXI centuries. The methodology is an organic set of basic principles of research: objectivity, historicism, multifactority, systemicity, complexity, development and pluralism, and to achieve the goal, the following methods of scientific knowledge are used: problem-chronological, concrete historical, statistical, descriptive, logical and analytical. The results. The analysis of trends in the development of ballroom dance in France and the influence of French culture on the formation of ballroom choreography in the XVI — early XXI centuries. The analysis of trends in the development of ballroom dance in France and the influence of French culture on the formation of ballroom choreography in the XVI — early XXI centuries took place. The processes of transformation and democratization of ballroom choreography in the XVIII century, which already in the XIX century turned from salon art into a leisure object for various social strata throughout Europe, were investigated. In the XX century it was France that discovered non-European types of ballroom dancing for Europe, which subsequently acquired standardization in the English professional environment. In the XX century France became the country where foreign art forms appeared and adapted to the conditions of European realities. France attracted artists from all over the world because of the special national culture formed in it. During the XX century the art of ballroom choreography in France developed rapidly. French performers and teachers continued long-standing national traditions. This factor had a positive effect on the training level of dancers in the field of professional and amateur ballroom dancing. Since 2010, France has been an active member of the World Dance Sports Federation (WDSF). The French Dance Federation (Fédération Française de Danse) is one of the largest organizations that develops ballroom choreography in the country. Over the past decades, dozens of open national and world ballroom dancing championships have been held in French cities (Paris, Marseille, Lyon, Nice, etc.). The scientific topicality is to identify the processes of the influence of French culture on the development of ballroom choreography in the XVI — early XXI centuries. The practical significance. The research may be used in developing lectures by specialists in choreography.

scholarly journals Virgo-Death: from The Little Show-Booth by Alexander Blok to The Mistress of Death and The Lover of Death by Boris Akunin

Literatūra ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-156
Author(s):  
Olga Fedunina
Keyword(s):  
Classical Tradition ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Mass Literature ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Postmodern Novel ◽  
New Formula

The image of Death, embodied in the image of a beautiful maiden, is considered in the article through the analysis of references in the novel diptych by B. Akunin The Mistress of Death and The Lover of Death (the Erast Fandorin series) to one of the most important primary sources, the drama by A. Blok The Little Show-Booth. The study shows that Akunin's method of deformation was replaced by a postmodern deconstruction with a splitting into two images, of Columbine and of Maiden-Death, each of which is dominated by one of the hypostases of the heroine of The Little Show-Booth. These transformations appeal in their development to the opposition in Akunin’s novels of two points of view on fate, dialectically interacting, which correlate with the adventurous exposition and with the inevitability of personal destiny idea, oriented towards the “classical” tradition. The result of the analysis is a new formula of the genre of Akunin's novels, since their poetics goes out of the ordinary framework of criminal literature, as a transgressive phenomenon in the field of mass literature, as postmodern novel, in which the uncertain intertextuality accentuates, align with plot details, the problem of heroes’ self-identity.

Forum

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Rainer Bauböck ◽  
Caroline Brettell ◽  
Maurice Crul ◽  
Marco Martiniello ◽  
Vladimir Mukomel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
The Social ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Vantage Points ◽  
New Research

The nexus between migration and urban studies is dynamic, and one that produces new research on a daily basis. And yet little is providing us with a general picture that allows us to see the main regular patterns in the field, as well as the gaps and methodological hindrances requiring attention. So what’s been done? And what needs to be done? To facilitate a discussion, we formulated three broad questions that we then asked eight prominent scholars. Their responses in turn give us the perspectives of varied disciplines, geographical vantage points (North America, Western Europe, and Russia), and points of view. In what follows, each scholar addresses these three questions: Question 1. More than a century ago, Ernst Georg Ravenstein formulated a set of “laws” about migration. Created within the social and economic context of nineteenth-century Europe and inspired by the positivist spirit of the time, they were abandoned, however, in the twentieth century. But since Ravenstein’s times, thousands of studies on migration and integration have been produced within academia, and it is likely that the time for new generalizations has come. Are there any patterns or laws that can be inferred from the existing body of research on migration and integration? Question 2. Research on migration and integration is embedded in institutions that produce their own rules and norms to structure topics, approaches, and methodologies used by researchers.Are you generally satisfied with how the research on migration and integration is currently carried out? What are the most promising topics, approaches, and methodologies? Are there any that should be treated more cautiously? What topics, approaches, and methodologies would you recommend to young scholars in the field who are now considering their paths for researching migration and integration? Question 3. Research on migration and integration is generally conducted within the urban context, which is taken for granted and seldom reflected upon. However, urban structures are not stable and cities have substantially changed since the beginning of the twentieth century. Should the knot binding migration and the urban processes be untied? And if yes, what are the ways to do it in terms of both theoretical agendas and empirical research?

scholarly journals La imagen del judío en la España medieval

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Cantera Montenegro
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
Early Beginning ◽  
General Feeling ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Hostile Attitude

Desde fechas tempranas de la Edad Media fue configurándose y difundiéndose una imagen peyorativa de los judíos, expresión de la profunda antipatía que hacia ellos sentía la población mayoritaria cristiana. La imagen del judío medieval, que fue conformada a lo largo de los siglos por los derechos civil y canónico, consiste en un estereotipo, con rasgos muy semejantes entre los diferentes ámbitos geo-históricos del Occidente europeo. Lejos de ser un reflejo fiel de la realidad, guarda una estrecha relación con el lugar que la minoría hebrea ocupaba en la conciencia colectiva cristiana medieval: de este modo, pese a que los judíos constituían un grupo heterogéneo desde los más diversos puntos de vista socio-económico, religioso o cultural, aparecían homogeneizados a través de diversos rasgos que el subconsciente de la población mayoritaria convertía en universales. Entre los rasgos que identificaban hacia el exterior a la minoría hebrea se escogían los más llamativos: determinados rasgos físicos y del carácter; el uso de ciertas prendas de vestir; el ejercicio de algunas actividades profesionales, principalmente el préstamo con interés, y la posesión de enormes riquezas; o la práctica de ciertos crímenes rituales. Esta homogeneización del grupo actuaba como un auténtico estigma, y explica en buena medida la actitud hostil hacia la minoría hebrea, tanto desde un punto de vista teórico como en la práctica. En este trabajo se analizan los distintos argumentos que conformaron la imagen del judío medieval, a su vez generadores de odio hacia la población hebrea y legitimadores de las actitudes hostiles de la población mayoritaria.Since the early beginning of the Middie Ages, the jewish bad image spread among the christian - majority population as an expression of a deep feeling of rejection towards them. The middie ages jewish image is a result of the influence of the civil and religious laws through centuries and consists on a stereotype with very similar features among the different geo-historical regions of Western Europe. Far from reflecting the true reality, this attitude was closely linked to the general feeling of middie ages christians towards the jewish minority. Thus, although jews were different between themselves undera variety of points of view, socio-economic, religious or cultural, they were considered in the same way by an unconscient process of generalisation in the majority of the population. Among the most significant features attributed to the jewish minority, the most outstanding of all were chosen: the physical appearance, the behaviour, the use of certain clothes, some professional activities like banking, their enormous wealth and the practice of ritual murders. This homogeneous feeling about that group acted as a real stigma and explains well the hostile attitude towards the jewish minority, both under the theoretical and practical point of view. In this report, the different elements that built the image of the jews during the middie ages are analyzed. They have contributed, in an important way, to feed the hate towards the jewish and to legitímate the hostile attitude of the majority of the population.

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