scholarly journals In search of ethnographical reality (regarding the peculiarities of the traditions of the Russian school of Indology in St. Petersburg)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-289
Author(s):  
Nina G. Krasnodembskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
World Science ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Current State ◽  
Life Circumstances ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Xix Century

The ethnographic focus of the Russian Indological school was mainly developed in St. Petersburg and, above all, in the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (MAE). The author identifies five main stages of its development. Thus, the purpose of the article is to determine the time frame, the main life circumstances of a particular stage, the main actors, the tools and tasks of scientific activity, key scientific activities and the main result/product of labor. The first period refers to the last third of the XIX century and is associated with the name of Ivan Minaev (1840–1890), founder of the Russian Indological School. The next stage is connected with the names of the director of the MAE Vasily Radlov and the Indologists Alexander and Lyudmila Mervart, who carried out a special ethnographic expedition to Ceylon and India in 1914–1918, for the reorganization of the scientific and educational activities of the museum. The early Soviet period (from 1917 to the middle of the 20th century) was connected with the separation of MAE from world science and other restrictions, but Indologists (Virendranath Chattopadhyaya, Valery Krasnodembsky, etc.) at that time found ways to acquire new ethnographic knowledge, the directions of scientific research were partly expanded. The revival of all areas of MAE Indological activity occurred after the liberation of the countries of South Africa from colonial dependence. The current state of affairs in the MAE inspires a certain optimism. There is a well-prepared team of Indologists and the most important traditions have been preserved.

scholarly journals MEDICAL MALPRACTICE LITIGATION: DO WE NEED A PARADIGM SHIFT IN OUR APPROACH TO HANDLING MEDICAL NEGLIGENCE DISPUTES?

Obiter ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Lerm
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Medical Malpractice ◽  
Medical Negligence ◽  
Malpractice Litigation ◽  
Private Healthcare ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Affairs

This article takes a critical look at the current state of affairs of both our public as well as private healthcare sectors in South Africa. The focus of this article is to try and find reasons for the exorbitant amounts of monies spent on litigation, which our country can ill afford. What will be considered is whether we need a paradigm shift in our approach to handling medical negligence disputes? What will also be introduced as part of the suggested solutions are practices that can be put in place. It is especially the introduction of mediation as oversight mechanism and other practices that will receive wide attention.

scholarly journals Palliative Care as a Form of Relief for the Dying: A South African Perspective

Obiter ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-370
Author(s):  
Marc Welgemoed ◽  
Henry Lerm
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Palliative Care ◽  
South African ◽  
Community Resources ◽  
Current State ◽  
Life Threatening Illness ◽  
Relief Of Suffering ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
African Perspective ◽  
State Of Affairs

This article has a critical look at the current state of affairs in palliative care in South Africa. While euthanasia remains unlawful in South Africa, there is only one alternative – namely, palliative care – to mitigate pain and symptoms, make life tolerable, and ease the emotional stress of dying for patients and their families. Palliative care, unlike euthanasia, has always been regarded as a sound medical practice, ethically, morally and legally. The practice the world over includes family, friends and community. However, no system or legislation has been put in place in South Africa to serve as a guideline for end-of-life practices. The focus of this article is to try to establish guidelines through a multidisciplinary approach that includes the family and makes use of community resources to improve the quality of life of patients and families facing the problems associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering.

scholarly journals Developing pastoral therapy as a professional qualification in South Africa: Rationale and motivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juanita Meyer
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pastoral Workers ◽  
Pastoral Therapy ◽  
Counselling Needs ◽  
Statutory Body ◽  
State Of Affairs

The professional training of pastoral therapists has been a topic of controversy for many years in South Africa. Up to date, the training of pastoral workers has been limited to the study of ministry and as such is limited by the primary aims and outcomes of this curriculum. In a post-apartheid, post-colonial South Africa, the need for pastoral workers is intensified by the needs of community- and faith-based organisations for trained and registered therapists to alleviate the counselling needs of their beneficiaries on all social levels. This article discusses the current state of affairs of the training and curriculum related to the profession of pastoral therapy in the context of South Africa, the various sociopolitical and religious needs that are still left unanswered in the field, and makes recommendations for the registration and accreditation of the profession with a specific curriculum focused on multicultural, multi-spiritual and post-modern nuances. The author argues that such a curriculum, accredited by a statutory body, can operate as a national health resource, will be more cost-effective than other related health services and may transform the social justice landscape related to both the providers and beneficiaries of this type of care.

scholarly journals Navigation of Innovative Management in the Local Spheres of Government in South Africa – An Issue for Consideration

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1071-1079
Author(s):  
KKL Pilusa ◽  
ML Shipalana
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Performance Management Systems ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Current State ◽  
Innovative Management ◽  
And Performance ◽  
State Of Affairs

It is a global concern that most local spheres of government are usually faced with a major challenge of meeting the basic needs of citizens, particularly in the developing countries such as South Africa, where majority of people depending entirely on public services. It is observed that the local spheres of government are unable to carry out their constitutional mandate to provide public goods and services such as education, housing health, water and sanitation. This situation, among others, is mainly exacerbated by ineffective innovative management practices. This article sought to navigate innovative management practices in the local spheres of government in South Africa and suggests strategies that can be applied for service delivery improvement. The article used conceptual framework to analyse innovative management practices in the context of the local spheres of government. In the process, literature has revealed that most of local spheres of government are mainly characterised with ineffective innovative management practices. These management practices include, strategic planning, operational plans and performance management systems. It is evident that the current state of affairs, drastically affects service delivery improvement. This article suggests collaborative approach as mechanism to enhance service delivery in the local spheres of government.

POST-COSMISM AND POST-HUMANISM: TWO STRATEGIES IN THE MOD-ERN PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN

Chelovek RU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 217-220
Author(s):  
Natalia Rostova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Exceptionalism ◽  
Current State ◽  
Human World ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Post Humanism

The article analyzes the current state of affairs in philosophy in relation to the question «What is hu-man?». In this regard, the author identifies two strategies – post-humanism and post-cosmism. The strat-egy of post-humanism is to deny the idea of human exceptionalism. Humanity becomes something that can be thought of out of touch with human and understood as a right that extends to the non-human world. Post-cosmism, on the contrary, advocated the idea of ontological otherness of the human. Re-sponding to the challenges of anthropological catastrophe, its representatives propose a number of new anthropological projects.

INTERIOR DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE THROUGH THE PRISM OF TIME: FROM CONFLICT TO COOPERATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
I. Naydenova
Keyword(s):  
Interior Design ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Functional Zoning ◽  
Architecture And Design ◽  
Xix Century

As a research area, interior design took shape in the 20s of the last century, despite the fact that the practice of decorating living spaces dates back many hundreds of years. However, the "self-sufficiency" of design and its connection with architecture to this day is the subject of scientific discussions of urban specialists, historians, art historians, and anthropologists. The article discusses the leading artistic styles and trends that prevailed in architecture and design from the point of view of their mutual influence on each other. Time frame of the research: from the middle of XIX century to the first half of XX century. As a result of the research of foreign experience in the formation of interior design, the main stages of the movement development and its relationship with architecture in two formations were identified: activities directly dependent on architectural decisions, activities that determine the entire design process to a large extent: from the functional zoning of the premises to the features of the placement of utilities in the building. Entering the information era in art as a whole is characterized by the rejection of slogans that clearly delineate stylistic boundaries and determine the role of a designer in creating the living space. The determining factor influencing the integrity of the building’s appearance in a modern view is the harmony of the facade and the internal content, which was made possible thanks to the equal interaction of the architect and designer, starting from the first half of the 20th century.

Critical Thinking and Its Implications for Contemporary Ijtihad

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-67
Author(s):  
Sayed Sikandar Shah ◽  
Mek Wok Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Dynamic Feature ◽  
Islamic Revival ◽  
Current State ◽  
Islamic Legal Theory ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Revival Movements ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Islamic Civilization

As an intellectual process, critical thinking plays a dynamic role in reconstructing human thought. In Islamic legal thought, this intellectual tool was pivotal in building a full-fledged jurisprudential system during the golden age of Islamic civilization. With the solidification of the science of Islamic legal theory and the entrenchment of classical Islamic jurisprudence, this process abated somewhat. Recent Islamic revival movements have engendered a great zeal for reinstituting this process. The current state of affairs in constructing and reconstructing Islamic jurisprudence by and large do not, however, reflect the dynamic feature of intellectual thought in this particular discipline. Thus this article attempts to briefly delineate this concept, unveil the reality on the ground, and identify some hands-on strategies for applying critical thinking in contemporary ijtihad.

The Al-Qaeda Revival in Pakistan: Challenges and Prospects

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhan Zahid
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Terrorist Group ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Us ◽  
Terrorist Organization ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Tribal Areas

Pakistan remains a country of vital importance for Al-Qaeda. It is primarily because of Al-Qaeda’s advent, rise and shelter and not to mention the support the terrorist organization found at the landscape of Pakistan during the last two decades. The emergence of in Pakistan can be traced back to the Afghan War (1979-89), with a brief sabbatical in Sudan the Islamist terrorist group rose to gain prominence after shifting back to Afghanistan. It then became a global ‘Islamist’ terrorist entity while based in neighboring Afghanistan and found safe havens in the erstwhile tribal areas of Pakistan in the aftermath of the US invasion of Afghanistan in 2001. Prior to its formation in 1988 in Peshawar (Pakistan), it had worked as Maktab al-Khidmat (Services Bureau) during the Afghan War.2 It had its roots in Pakistan, which had become a transit point of extremists en route to Afghanistan during the War. All high profile Al-Qaeda leaders, later becoming high-value targets, and members of its central Shura had lived in Pakistan at one point in their lives. That is the very reason the Al-Qaeda in Pakistan is termed as Al-Qaeda Core or Central among law enforcement practitioners and intelligence communities. Without going into details of Al-Qaeda’s past in Pakistan the aim of this article is to focus on its current state of affairs and what future lies ahead of it in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Ice-Breaking Fleets of the United States and Canada: Assessing the Current State of Affairs and Future Plans

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Megan Drewniak ◽  
Dimitrios Dalaklis ◽  
Anastasia Christodoulou ◽  
Rebecca Sheehan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Ice ◽  
Northwest Passage ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
Ice Coverage ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Affairs

In recent years, a continuous decline of ice-coverage in the Arctic has been recorded, but these high latitudes are still dominated by earth’s polar ice cap. Therefore, safe and sustainable shipping operations in this still frozen region have as a precondition the availability of ice-breaking support. The analysis in hand provides an assessment of the United States’ and Canada’s polar ice-breaking program with the purpose of examining to what extent these countries’ relevant resources are able to meet the facilitated growth of industrial interests in the High North. This assessment will specifically focus on the maritime transportation sector along the Northwest Passage and consists of four main sections. The first provides a very brief description of the main Arctic passages. The second section specifically explores the current situation of the Northwest Passage, including the relevant navigational challenges, lack of infrastructure, available routes that may be used for transit, potential choke points, and current state of vessel activity along these routes. The third one examines the economic viability of the Northwest Passage compared to that of the Panama Canal; the fourth and final section is investigating the current and future capabilities of the United States’ and Canada’s ice-breaking fleet. Unfortunately, both countries were found to be lacking the necessary assets with ice-breaking capabilities and will need to accelerate their efforts in order to effectively respond to the growing needs of the Arctic. The total number of available ice-breaking assets is impacting negatively the level of support by the marine transportation system of both the United States and Canada; these two countries are facing the possibility to be unable to effectively meet the expected future needs because of the lengthy acquisition and production process required for new ice-breaking fleets.

scholarly journals Multi-Risk Assessment and Management—A Comparative Study of the Current State of Affairs in Chile and Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1366
Author(s):  
Stefan Greiving ◽  
Leonie Schödl ◽  
Karl-Heinz Gaudry ◽  
Iris Katherine Quintana Miralles ◽  
Benjamín Prado Larraín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
International Strategy ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Output Indicators

In Chile and Ecuador, multiple hazards and dynamic processes in vulnerability pose a high risk. Spatial planning and emergency management can contribute to disaster risk management but they follow different goals. However, global goals, such as from UN-ISDR (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction) and UN SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) can potentially support cities and regions in defining concerted action. This paper aims at measuring the performance of Chile and Ecuador in regard to the aforementioned policy goals. Although both countries show considerable progresses in the implementation of the UN strategies, it is doubtful that the existing global monitoring approach is appropriately designed for measuring the real situation on the ground. Our paper is based on a desktop research combined with stakeholder workshops and expert interviews. Overall, both countries made considerable progress in regard to disaster preparedness and monitoring. However, multi-risks are rarely considered and there is still increasing vulnerability due to the expansion of informal settlements. The risk management is characterized by an imbalanced distribution of financial resources and institutional capacities between the metropolitan regions and smaller municipalities, and by low public participation and hardly community-based approaches. The paper underlines the importance for more qualitative, in-depth studies on the root causes of disaster risk which could complement the global monitoring which is very much focused on quantitative data and shows inconsistency between input and output indicators.

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