scholarly journals Limited water access is associated with food insecurity and diarrheal episodes among children suffering from moderate acute malnutrition in Far-North Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Debora Nounkeu ◽  
Ismael Teta ◽  
Jigna Morarji Dharod ◽  
Brice Ulrich Saha Foudjo ◽  
Francoise Raissa Ntentie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Water Access ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Moderate Acute Malnutrition

Abstract To gain further understanding of the interlinkages between poor water access, household food insecurity, and undernutrition among children, this study used a cross-sectional design with 474 female caretakers of children suffering from moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) to explore the relationship between limited access to water and diarrheal diseases among children, aged <5 years, experiencing MAM. The mean age of the caretakers was 28.50±6.88 years and that of their MAM children (sex ratio=0.7) was 17.79±9.59 months. The participants reported spending an average of 19.29±15.69 min for one trip to fetch water. A negative correlation was found between mean time spent fetching drinking water and hygiene and handwashing score (r=−0.141, p=0.003). Furthermore, the more severe the food insecurity status of a household, the farther the family member likely had to go to fetch for drinking water [F(2, 444)=8.64, p≤0.001]. Results from binary logistic regression showed that children from households practicing open defecation (p=0.008) and/or having inadequate hygiene practices (p=0.004) had increased odds of developing diarrhea. Therefore, ameliorating water access in households with MAM children could contribute to improvements in hygiene and sanitation attitudes with a subsequent increase in the effectiveness of nutrition interventions aiming at reducing acute malnutrition among children.

scholarly journals Incidence Correction Factors for Moderate and Severe Acute Child Malnutrition From 2 Longitudinal Cohorts in Mali and Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (12) ◽  
pp. 1623-1627
Author(s):  
Francisco M Barba ◽  
Lieven Huybregts ◽  
Jef L Leroy
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Moderate Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mid Upper Arm Circumference

Abstract Child acute malnutrition (AM) is an important cause of child mortality. Accurately estimating its burden requires cumulative incidence data from longitudinal studies, which are rarely available in low-income settings. In the absence of such data, the AM burden is approximated using prevalence estimates from cross-sectional surveys and the incidence correction factor $K$, obtained from the few available cohorts that measured AM. We estimated $K$ factors for severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) from AM incidence and prevalence using representative cross-sectional baseline and longitudinal data from 2 cluster-randomized controlled trials (Innovative Approaches for the Prevention of Childhood Malnutrition—PROMIS) conducted between 2014 and 2017 in Burkina Faso and Mali. We compared K estimates using complete (weight-for-length z score, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and edema) and partial (MUAC, edema) definitions of SAM and MAM. $K$ estimates for SAM were 9.4 and 5.7 in Burkina Faso and in Mali, respectively; K estimates for MAM were 4.7 in Burkina Faso and 5.1 in Mali. The MUAC and edema–based definition of AM did not lead to different $K$ estimates. Our results suggest that $K$ can be reliably estimated when only MUAC and edema-based data are available. Additional studies, however, are required to confirm this finding in different settings.

scholarly journals An Overview on Acute Malnutrition and Food Insecurity among Children during the Conflict in Yemen

Children ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fekri Dureab ◽  
Eshraq Al-Falahi ◽  
Osan Ismail ◽  
Lina Al-Marhali ◽  
Ayoub Al Jawaldeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Moderate Acute Malnutrition

Background: This study aims to describe malnutrition among children under five and to describe the food insecurity status during the current conflict in Yemen. Methods: Data were obtained from a Yemeni nutrition surveillance program (pilot phase) targeting 4142 households with 5276 children under five from two governorates (Ibb and Sana’a). Results: Global acute malnutrition was found in 13.3% of overall screened children, while 4.9% had severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and 8.4% had moderate acute malnutrition. One-fifth of the children under six months of age were acutely malnourished, followed by children under two years at 18.5% based on weight-for-height z scores. Significant associations between malnutrition and other diseases included suspected measles at three times higher rates (4.5%, p < 0.00) among SAM cases than other children. Diarrhea, fever, and cough were significantly higher among the SAM group (p < 0.05). Most households depended on market food purchases in the month preceding this survey (84.7%). Household coping mechanisms to secure daily meals included borrowing food to survive, changing types and quality of food, and decreasing the number of meals per day; some families sent their children to live with relatives. Conclusion: Malnutrition is a serious public health problem. The humanitarian community needs to adopt alternative strategies to improve food security and the nutrition status in Yemen.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Predictors of Food Insecurity in Australia during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Kent ◽  
Sandra Murray ◽  
Beth Penrose ◽  
Stuart Auckland ◽  
Denis Visentin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
University Education ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Vulnerable Households

The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated economic vulnerabilities and disrupted the Australian food supply, with potential implications for food insecurity. This study aims to describe the prevalence and socio-demographic associations of food insecurity in Tasmania, Australia, during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey (deployed late May to early June 2020) incorporated the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module: Six-Item Short Form, and fifteen demographic and COVID-related income questions. Survey data (n = 1170) were analyzed using univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression. The prevalence of food insecurity was 26%. The adjusted odds of food insecurity were higher among respondents with a disability, from a rural area, and living with dependents. Increasing age, a university education, and income above $80,000/year were protective against food insecurity. Food insecurity more than doubled with a loss of household income above 25% (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 2.02; 95% CI: 1.11, 3.71; p = 0.022), and the odds further increased with loss of income above 75% (AOR: 7.14; 95% CI: 2.01, 24.83; p = 0.002). Our results suggest that the prevalence of food insecurity may have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among economically vulnerable households and people who lost income. Policies that support disadvantaged households and ensure adequate employment opportunities are important to support Australians throughout and post the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Association between admission criteria and body composition among young children with moderate acute malnutrition, a cross-sectional study from Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Fabiansen ◽  
Bernardette Cichon ◽  
Charles W. Yaméogo ◽  
Ann-Sophie Iuel-Brockdorf ◽  
Kevin P. Q. Phelan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Admission Criteria ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Deuterium Dilution ◽  
Moderate Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Mid Upper Arm Circumference

Abstract Children with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) are treated based on low weight-for-length z-score (WLZ), low mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) or both. This study aimed to assess associations of admission criteria and body composition (BC), to improve treatment of MAM. We undertook a cross-sectional study among 6–23 months old Burkinabe children with MAM. Fat-free (FFM) and fat mass (FM) were determined by deuterium dilution and expressed as FFM (FFMI) and FM index (FMI). Of 1,489 children, 439 (29.5%) were recruited by low MUAC only (MUAC-O), 734 (49.3%) by low WLZ and low MUAC (WLZ-MUAC) and 316 (21.2%) by low WLZ only (WLZ-O). Thus, 1,173 (78.8%) were recruited by low MUAC, with or without low WLZ (ALL-MUAC). After adjustments, WLZ-O had 89 g (95% confidence interval (CI) 5; 172) lower FFM compared to MUAC-O. Similarly, WLZ-O had 0.89 kg/m2 (95% CI 0.77; 1.01) lower FFMI compared to MUAC-O, whereas there was no difference for FMI. However, boys included by WLZ-O compared to MUAC-O had 0.21 kg/m2 (95% CI 0.05; 0.38) higher FMI. In contrast, girls included by WLZ-O had 0.17 (95% CI 0.01; 0.33) kg/m2 lower FMI compared to MUAC-O (interaction, p = 0.002). We found that different criteria for admission into MAM treatment programmes select children with differences in BC, especially FFMI. Trial registration: ISRCTN42569496.

scholarly journals PO 8430 A GEOSPATIAL APPROACH TO PREDICTING DIARRHEA PREVALENCE IN NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A36.3-A37
Author(s):  
Oluwasegun Adetunde
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Severe Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Oral Rehydration Salt ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
Water Access ◽  
Mortality Pattern ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Diarrhea Prevalence

BackgroundNigeria ranks second globally only behind India in under-five mortality prevalence. In Nigeria, 108.8 children die per 1000 live births before their 5th birthday. It is of note that diarrhoea (15.3% prevalence) is the second leading cause of under-five mortality in Nigeria after pneumonia. General poor hygiene and nutritional status are contributory factors to diarrhea.MethodsData was collected for severe acute malnutrition (SAM) using the weight for height z-value (WHZ) and/or oedema criteria. In addition, data on diarrhoea prevalence, oral rehydration salt therapy (ORST), improved source of drinking water and improved sanitation were collected. These were obtained for 36 states and federal capital territory (FCT) from the National Bureau of Statistics headquarters in FCT, Abuja for 2015. Correlation analysis was first carried out to determine relationships followed by geographically weighted regression analysis (GWR). GWR was used to predict under-five mortality pattern and accuracy mapped.ResultsObserved correlation coefficients to diarrhoea prevalence were 0.59,–0.49, −0.35 and −0.63 for SAM, ORST, improved drinking water access, and improved sanitation, respectively. R2 varied across states, though positive, from 0.29 in Akwa Ibom to 0.95 in Kebbi states. Standard deviation of residuals in the regression model ranged from −3.89 to 3.33 in Borno and Gombe states respectively, while Sokoto and Bauchi had 0.006 and 0.024 respectively, thus having the best accuracy in predictions across all states in the country. Both correlation and GWR were at p<0.05.ConclusionThe results obtained support literature, confirming the inverse relationship between ORST prevalence, improved drinking water access and improved sanitation to diarrhea prevalence. It also supports the already confirmed positive relationship between poor nutrition of children and susceptibility to diarrhoea. The study however expanded knowledge by incorporating geocomputation to predict diarrhoea prevalence.

scholarly journals ANALISIS REGRESI LOGISTIK FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI PENGGUNAAN ROKOK ELEKTRONIK PADA REMAJA USIA 18-25 TAHUN DI KOTA DENPASAR TAHUN 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Putu Pirda Puspitawati ◽  
Desak Nyoman Widyanthini
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Total Participation

ABSTRAK Pengguna rokok tembakau di Kota Denpasar belum menurun dengan signifikan namun sudah muncul produk baru yaitu rokok elektronik. Proporsi pengguna rokok elektronik di Kota Denpasar saat ini  6.81%.  Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penggunaan rokok elektronik pada remaja usia 18-25 tahun di Kota Denpasar 2020. Penelitian ini merupakan analitik kuantitatif dengan rancangan crossectional study menggunakan metode convinience sampling. Sampel penelitian ini yaitu remaja berusia 18-25 tahun minimal tinggal 6 bulan di Kota Denpasar. Besar sampel minimal adalah 149 dengan jumlah partisipasi yaitu 201 responden. Penelitian ini mengumpulkan data karakteristik responden, perilaku merokok elektrik, faktor predisposisi, faktor penguat dan faktor pemungkin menggunakan kuesioner online kobotoolbox. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan hubungan antar variabel diuji dengan regresi logistic binary. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan  proporsi pengguna rokok elektronik pada remaja di Kota Denpasar sebesar 22.89%. Variabel yang terbukti secara signifikan memiliki hubungan terhadap penggunaan rokok elektronik adalah paparan iklan rokok elektronik (OR=7.15; 95% CI: 2.6119.59;p<0.001), persepsi positif (OR=6.46; 95% CI: 2.45-17.06;p<0.001), jenis kelamin laki-laki (OR=6.25; 95% CI: 2.418.22:p=0.001), keluarga menggunakan rokok elektronik (OR=4.17;95%CI: 1.71-10.11;p<0.005), keterjangkauan (OR=4.38; 95% CI 1.72-11.13;p=<0.005), teman sebaya menggunakan rokok elektronik (OR=477; 95%CI:1.614.14;p<0.005) dan uang saku tinggi (OR=6.85; 95% 1.97-23.72;p<0.005). Penggunaan rokok elektronik di Kota Denpasar tergolong masih tinggi untuk itu diperlukan edukasi tentang bahaya rokok elektronik serta regulasi yang jelas terkait peredaran rokok elektronik. Kata kunci: Rokok Elektronik, Remaja, Perilaku Merokok, Regresi Logistik  ABSTRACT Tobacco cigarette users in Denpasar City have not decreased significantly, but there is the emergence of new products, which is electronic cigarettes. The proportion of electronic cigarette users in Bali Province is 6,81%. This study aimed to determine the factors that influence the use of electronic cigarettes in adolescents aged 18-25 years in Denpasar City 2020.This study is a quantitative analytic study with a cross-sectional design using conviniece sampling method. The sample of this study is adolescents aged 18-25 years living for a minimum of 6 months in Denpasar City. The minimum sample size is 149 respondents with a total participation of 201 respondents. This study collected data on the characteristics of respondents, electric smoking behavior,  predisposing factors, amplifier factors, supporting factors using the online questionnaire (kobotoolbox). Data were analyzed descriptively and the relationship between variables was tested by binary logistic regression. The variables that have been shown to have a significant relationship to the use of electronic cigarettes in Denpasar City is 22,89%. The variable are exposure have  significant relationship among the use of electronic cigarettes is electronic cigarette advertisements  (OR = 7.15; 95% CI: 2.61-19.59; p <0.001), positive perception (OR = 6.46; 95% CI: 2.45-17.06; p <0.001), male gender (OR = 6.25; 95% CI: 2.41-8.22: p = 0.001), families using electronic cigarettes (OR = 4.17; 95% CI: 1.71-10.11; p <0.005), affordability (OR = 4.38; 95% CI 1.72-11.13; p = <0.005), peers use electronic cigarettes (OR = 477; 95% CI: 1.6-14.14; p <0.005) and high allowance (OR = 6.85; 95 % 1.97-23.72; p <0.005). The use of electronic cigarettes in Denpasar has high, so education about the dangers of electronic cigarettes is needed as well as clear regulations related to electronic cigarettes. Keywords: Electronic Cigarette, Adolescent, Behaviour, Logistic Regression.

scholarly journals Effect of Nutrition Education on Knowledge, Complementary Feeding, and Hygiene Practices of Mothers With Moderate Acutely Malnourished Children in Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Kajjura ◽  
Frederick J. Veldman ◽  
Susanna M. Kassier
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Moderate Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Background: Inappropriate infant and young child complementary feeding practices related to a lack of maternal knowledge contributes to an increased risk of malnutrition, morbidity, and mortality. There is a lack of data regarding the effect of nutrition education on maternal knowledge, feeding, and hygiene practices as part of a supplementary feeding intervention targeting infants and young children with moderate acute malnutrition in low-income countries like Uganda. Objective: To determine whether nutrition education improves knowledge, feeding, and hygiene practices of mothers with infants and young children diagnosed with moderate acute malnutrition. Methods: A cross-sequential study using a pretest–posttest design included 204 mother–infant pairs conveniently sampled across 24 randomly selected clusters. Weekly nutrition education sessions were embedded in a supplementary porridge intervention for 3 months. Mean scores and proportions for knowledge, feeding, and hygiene practices were determined at baseline and end line. The difference between mean scores at the 2 time points were calculated with the paired t test analysis, while the proportions between baseline and end line were calculated using a z test analysis. Results: Mean scores for knowledge, dietary diversity, and meal frequency were higher at end line compared to baseline ( P < .001). Handwashing did not improve significantly ( P = .183), while boiling water to enhance water quality improved ( P < .001). Conclusion: Nutrition education in conjunction with a supplementary feeding intervention targeting infants and young children with moderate acute malnutrition improved meal frequency, dietary diversity and water quality.

scholarly journals Determinants of growth measurements in rural Cambodian infants: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asuka Miyazaki ◽  
Mitsuaki Matsui ◽  
Rathavy Tung ◽  
Bunsreng Taing ◽  
Laura V White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Growth Faltering ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Recent Illness

Abstract Background Inappropriate feeding and hygiene practices and poor environment are associated with malnutrition. We aimed to investigate the contributions of feeding, hygiene practices and recent illness to the nutritional status of rural Cambodian infants and any sex-specific differences. Methods In a cross-sectional study, nested within an ongoing birth cohort, trained fieldworkers conducted anthropometry and collected information from the main caregiver during home visits. Multivariable linear regression was used to investigate associations with nutritional status as length-for-age z-scores (LAZ) and weight-for-length z-scores (WLZ). Results A total of 156 children, 87 (55.8%) male, ages 0–11 months were enrolled. The prevalence of acute malnutrition (WLZ &lt;−2) in males and females was 2.3% (2/87) and 5.8% (4/69), respectively, and 23.0% (20/87) of males and 14.5% (10/69) of females were stunted (LAZ &lt;−2). WLZ but not LAZ decreased with age. WLZ was independently negatively associated with increasing age (β-coefficient −0.14 [95% confidence interval {CI} −0.20 to −0.08], p&lt;0.001), and regular use of feeding bottles (β-coefficient −0.46 [95% CI −0.83 to −0.10], p=0.014), and positively with handwashing with soap (β-coefficient 0.40 [95% CI 0.05 to 0.75), p=0.027). Conclusions The prevalence of acute malnutrition was low, but stunting was prevalent without evidence of a sex difference. Non-linear growth faltering was associated with increasing age and hygiene/feeding practices.

Relationship between Family Support and Elderly Physical Fitness in West Denpasar District in 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
I Nyoman Tripayana
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Work Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Daily Physical Activities

Background and goals: People who are getting older will reduce their ability to perform daily physical activities that can affect their physical fitness. Family support is needed by the elderly in living their old age because the family plays an important role and has the responsibility in caring for the elderly. Good family support for elderly activities will be able to maintain and improve the health and fitness of the elderly. This study aims to determine the relationship of family support with physical fitness of the elderly.Method: This study used a cross sectional design involving 96 elderly samples that met the requirements. Data collection is done by testing and filling out questionnaires. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rho test and binary logistic regression test.Results: Bivariate analysis showed that variables related to physical fitness were family support (p = 0.004), gender (p = 0.035) and work status (p = 0.001). The results of multivariate analysis showed that variables related to physical fitness were family support (AOR 5,618; 95% CI: 1,624-19,435) and work status (AOR 10,974; 95% CI: 2,452-49,095).Conclusion: Family support has a relationship with elderly physical fitness. Characteristics of work status samples have a relationship with physical fitness of the elderly. The family should always provide positive support to the elderly in fulfilling daily activities in accordance with the ability of the elderly in their effort to maintain and improve the physical fitness of the elderly.

scholarly journals Profile of the body mass index and associated factors in active elderlies

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 876-883
Author(s):  
Pollyana Viana Lima ◽  
Arianna Oliveira Santana Lopes ◽  
Stênio Fernando Pimentel Duarte ◽  
Alessandra Souza de Oliveira ◽  
Gefter Thiago Batista Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
The Body ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

ABSTRACT Objective : Identifying the profile of Body Mass Index and associated factors in active elderlies. Method: This is an analytical type of research with cross-sectional design and quantitative approach, with sample represented by 105 elderly people. The research instrument consisted of Cognitive assessment, Sociodemographic data, Health conditions and Motor performance evaluation. The data were analyzed by using descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression. Results: The elderlies without partners have 7.753 times the chance of presenting excess weight when compared to those with partners. Having an income higher than a minimum wage represents 6.014 times the chance of being overweight. Not having health problems amounts to 0.015 times the chance of being overweight. In the motorperformance, not presenting limitation of balance represents 6.785 times the possibility of being affected by excess weight.

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