scholarly journals Economic valuation meta-analysis of freshwater improvement in developed and developing countries. Are they different?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego R. Monsalve ◽  
Juan P. Sarmiento Jara ◽  
Francisco R. Aráuz
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Level ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract The quality of drinking water differs across countries, so households show different levels of willingness to pay (WTP) to improve it, which is also influenced by their income levels. This study presents a meta-analysis using studies from 30 developed and developing countries, representing 4.7 billion inhabitants. At the international level, by standardizing these values (PPP) to international US dollars of 2011, developing countries show, on average, a greater WTP than developed countries relative to their income and an inverse correlation between their water footprint and their WTP.

scholarly journals The clinical outcomes and effectiveness of mHealth interventions for diabetes and hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
mao yaqian ◽  
Wei Lin ◽  
Junping Wen ◽  
Gang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mhealth Intervention ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Development Methods ◽  
Different Levels

Background: With the development of technology, mobile health (mHealth) intervention has been proposed as a treatment strategy for chronic diseases that could improve the quality of chronic care and outcomes in some developed countries. However, the effectiveness of mHealth intervention in developing countries is not clear. Purpose: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to study the clinical outcomes and effectiveness of mHealth interventions for diabetes and hypertension in countries with different levels of economic development. Methods: Pubmed, ResearchGate, Embase and Cochrane documents were searched by computer, and the retrieval period was from 2008 to June 2019. All studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing mHealth treatments to other traditional treatments. Meta-analysis was conducted using stata software. Results: 51 RCTs (N=13,054 participants) were eligible for this systematic review and meta-analysis. Compared with the usual care, the mHealth interventions yielded significant mean differences in clinical outcomes, and had a positive effect on countries at different levels of economic development. It is reassuring that we found mHealth interventions combined with human intelligence could significantly improve clinical outcomes more than mHealth interventions alone [WMD (95%Cl)=-6.75 (-9.98, -3.52)] VS [WMD (95%Cl)=-2.53 (-4.99, -0.07)]. The main secondary outcomes showed that mHealth interventions could also improve quality of life, satisfaction and self-efficacy, etc. Conclusion: This review shown that mHealth interventions as a therapeutic strategy could improve the management of diabetes and hypertension in countries with different levels of economic development.

Hospital information systems in developing countries: a state-of-the-art systematic review

Kybernetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Lei ◽  
Jianming Liu ◽  
Wu Li
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Information System ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government

Purpose Hospital information system (HIS) can be examined as a vital factor for developing the quality of health care and cost managing. There exists abundant literature on HISs, but implementation-based literature of HIS is rare, typically about progressive countries. However, a study that can comprehensively review published articles is scarce. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the systematic and comprehensive study of HIS in developed countries. Together, the benefits and harms relevant to HIS’s different mechanisms have been considered, and the fundamental challenges of them are addressed to design more efficient HIS in the future. Design/methodology/approach HIS has been used globally for numerous years and is now being used in a wide area. HIS is broadly used in clinical settings. Information technology (IT) and information system have been suggested as a required piece to solve the health-care-related issues. Hence, to improve HIS’s ability, this paper conducted a review method concentratating on research related to HIS until 2019. A total of 21 papers were recognized and examined as principal research for the summary. Findings The authors found that HIS can help in reduction of medical mistakes, enhancement doctors’ performance and increase in the quality of the care provided. HIS management can be used to provide better health-care services. Therefore, HIS must be sensible and use clear structures. The authors conclude that, generally, with an increase in awareness, acceptability and the need for HIS worldwide, there will be more strategies and approaches available. Research limitations/implications First, this paper provides an outline of the status of HIS. Second, it identifies some distinct research gaps that could be worth studying. Some flawless work may be removed because of applying some filters to select the original articles. Surveying all the papers on the topic of HIS is impossible, too. Practical implications Design and sustainability of HIS is still a big issue for most developing countries, despite its wide usage in the developed countries. The technology is changing rapidly, so the field should be reviewed regularly. This paper suggests a suitable framework that will guide HIS in the local conditions of developing countries. Social implications The government will be assisted by the suggested solving ways in its performance and design of electronic health-care projects. Originality/value The study brings the viewpoints on the state of HIS mechanisms in developing countries. The paper’s results can offer visions into future research requirements. By providing comparative information and analyzing the current growths in this area, this study will support researchers and professionals to understand the progress in HIS mechanisms better.

Factors Influencing Performance of ITES Firms in India

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soni Agrawal ◽  
Kishor Goswami ◽  
Bani Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Offshore Outsourcing ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Improve Quality ◽  
Factors Influencing

Firms from developed countries are increasingly offshore outsourcing services to developing countries to have cost as well competitive advantages. Although this is a growing practice, there has been limited empirical attention in understanding the outsourcing phenomenon, particularly from the perspective of service provider firms that execute important business processes for their overseas clients. Despite growing trends to outsource, only a few service provider firms report success. This puts the service provider firms under increasing pressure to add value and improve quality of relationship. They have to depend not only on tangible factors but some intangible factors also play an important role in their performance. In this paper, the authors try to find out factors that influence performance of service provider firms. Multiple regressions using four indicators of firm performance are carried out to see the influence of certain factors on information technology enabled service (ITES) firms’ performance.

scholarly journals Jornadas Diferenciadas

Plural ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-144
Author(s):  
Angelo Martins Junior
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global South ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Global North ◽  
Social Markers ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Different Levels

This article question generic homogenising representations of ‘the migrant’ by providing an examination of the multivalent ways in which social differences contours migration processes. Migration scholars often reproduce generic homogenising typologies of ‘migrants’, such as the two opposing migrant analogies ‘from the Global South’ (‘the transnational migrant’, who flows through social networks from the Global South to the developed North, seeking economic gains) and ‘from the Global North’ (‘the lifestyle migrant’, who chooses to migrate from developed countries to places they believe offers them the potential of a better quality of life). Through the examination of the journeys of Brazilians in London, this article draws attention to the connections and contexts of both sending and receiving societies, as well as the diversity existing within the Brazilian population abroad. As is argued within this paper, such an analysis allows for better understanding of how the experiences of Brazilians in London are directly shaped by the intersection of multiple social markers, resulting in what I call ‘differentiated journeys’. Brazilians navigate different levels of constraints and constantly re-formulate their journeys due to their class, gender, nationality and documental status. This allow us to frame migratory experiences beyond generalizing and homogenising representations. The empirical research combines an 18-month ethnography in places of leisure with 33 in-depth interviews with Brazilians in London.

Socioeconomic Status and Academic Outcomes in Developing Countries: A Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 875-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung won Kim ◽  
Hyunsun Cho ◽  
Lois Y. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Academic Outcomes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
K 12

Despite the multiple meta-analyses documenting the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and achievement, none have examined this question outside of English-speaking industrialized countries. This study is the first meta-analytic effort, to the best of our knowledge, to focus on developing countries. Based on 49 empirical studies representing 38 countries, and a sample of 2,828,216 school-age students (grades K–12) published between 1990 and 2017, we found an overall weak relation between SES and academic outcomes. Results for attainment outcomes were stronger than achievement outcomes, and the effect size was stronger in more economically developed countries. The SES-academic outcome relation was further moderated by grade level and gender. There were no differences in the strength of the relation by specific SES measures of income/consumption, education, and wealth/home resources. Our results provide evidence that educational inequalities are wider in higher income countries, creating a serious challenge for developing countries as they expand school access.

scholarly journals Consumers Become More or Less Ethnocentric? A Meta-Analysis on Level of Consumer Ethnocentrism

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gongxing Guo ◽  
Quan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Consumer Ethnocentrism ◽  
Research Gap

A huge body of research on consumer ethnocentrism has occurred in cross-cultural consumer behavior research area since the seminal work of Shimp and Sharma (1987). There is, however, a research gap on meta-analysis of the level of consumer ethnocentrism. This study seeks to address this gap by employing, as far as we are aware, the first meta-analysis on level of consumer ethnocentrism. we draw several conclusions with meta-analytical data of 153 mean values in 87 articles during the period of 1987 to 2013 (N = 42840): (1) The average score of consumer ethnocentrism is 3.58 (7 in total); (2) General consumers are more ethnocentric than student consumers; (3) Consumers in developing countries are more ethnocentric than consumers in developed countries.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of User Behaviors on Unimproved and Improved Street Spaces in Da Nang, Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3457
Author(s):  
Duy Thinh Do ◽  
Suguru Mori ◽  
Rie Nomura
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
User Behaviors ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

The shortage of open spaces in developing countries in Asia such as Vietnam has been a thorny question for urbanists. Due to a poor history of public spaces, people tend to use street spaces as open spaces and other functions that bring chaos and danger onto the streets. Although developed countries in the West have overcome the dangers of life on street spaces to some extent, Vietnam, with its low quality of life, retains its inherent street bustle. Street improvements have been carried out to enhance the quality of urban life. This research aims at comparing improved and unimproved street spaces in various aspects, including user behavior and the environment-behavior relationship within street spaces and their surroundings. The findings contribute to the future improvement of street spaces in Vietnam and other developing countries based on theories of Environment-Behavior Studies. Through this research, the street renovation and development idea can be processed in a distinctive manner that appreciates the cultural and social context instead of being derived from the arbitrary or intuitive ideas of designers. By using various observation methods such as centered behavioral mapping (PcBM) and visual encounter surveys (VES), and statistical analysis such as principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA), the findings show that a total of eight physical attributes need consideration during street renovations or development processes. Improved and unimproved street spaces share two attributes and differ in six attributes. Additionally, three environment-behavior patterns support the implications detailed in this paper. Finally, a suggestion for street space development and management is made to support related authorities and urbanists in future projects; it is hope that this research will contribute to creating more livable and sustainable street environments.

Problems of Access to Courts in Nigeria: Results of a Survey of Legal Practitioners

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jedrzej George Frynas
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Access Problems ◽  
Survey Results

Access to courts constitutes a key test of the quality of a legal system. However, there is a dearth of empirical studies on access problems in developing countries. This article identifies the main problems of access to courts in Nigeria on the basis of a survey of 154 Nigerian legal practitioners, an analysis of Nigerian court cases and two field trips to Nigeria. It focuses on one specific type of litigation: litigation related to the Nigerian crude oil industry. The survey results suggest that the main constraints of access to courts in Nigeria are financial problems as well as the lack of education and information of potential litigants, which falls in line with the results of other empirical studies in developed countries.

scholarly journals Predictors of efficacy in depression prevention programmes

2003 ◽  
Vol 183 (5) ◽  
pp. 384-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Jané-Llopis ◽  
Clemens Hosman ◽  
Rachel Jenkins ◽  
Peter Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Quality Of Research ◽  
Different Levels

BackgroundWorldwide, 340 million people are affected by depression, with high comorbid, social and economic costs.AimsTo identify potential predictors of effect in prevention programmes.MethodA meta-analysis was made of 69 programmes to reduce depression or depressive symptoms.ResultsThe weighted mean effect size of 0.22 was effective for different age groups and different levels of risk, and in reducing risk factors and depressive or psychiatric symptoms. Programmes with larger effect sizes were multi-component, included competence techniques, had more than eight sessions, had sessions 60–90 min long, had a high quality of research design and were delivered by a health care provider in targeted programmes. Older people benefited from social support, whereas behavioural methods were detrimental.ConclusionsAn 11% improvement in depressive symptoms can be achieved through prevention programmes. Single trial evaluations should ensure high quality of the research design and detailed reporting of results and potential predictors.

Relevance of outcome measures in different cultural groups – does one size fit all?

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen F. K. Chiu ◽  
Linda C. W. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Treatment Benefits ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

It is estimated that 24 million people currently have dementia and that two-thirds of them live in developing countries. However, most of the assessment instruments for dementia have originated in developed countries. This paper explores the relevance of outcome measures in clinical trials of dementia drugs in different cultural groups, particularly in developing countries. The challenges of assessing treatment benefits in dementia in such groups include linguistic and cultural diversity, as well as high illiteracy rates, lack of human resources and the time constraints in assessment of patients. This paper also highlights methodological issues in cross-cultural research of cognitive assessment. Improvement in neuropsychiatric outcomes may be of particular importance to people in non-Western cultures. Functional outcomes and global outcomes are potentially useful outcome measures, but more studies are required in various countries. The use of biological markers such as neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid studies may not be practical in developing countries due to their costs and acceptability respectively. More work is also needed in the area of quality of life measures in various countries.

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