scholarly journals Reverse flood routing in an open channel using a combined model of genetic algorithm and a numerical model

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1465-1474
Author(s):  
Ali Azizipour ◽  
Seyed Mahmood Kashefipour ◽  
Ali Haghighi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fitness Function ◽  
River System ◽  
Flood Routing ◽  
Integrated Method ◽  
Karun River ◽  
The Status ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract Flood impact assessment in a river system is done with the help of flood routing and this process helps to determine the status of sensitive points of the route in terms of flood entry and the resulting risks for urban and rural areas. For flood routing, a hydrodynamic numerical model should be implemented and this model needs upstream and downstream boundaries. In some cases, the upstream boundary, which is usually a hydrograph, is not available due to the lack of facilities and it is necessary to be generated for numerical model implementation. The purpose of this study is to present an integrated method comprising an optimization model and a hydrodynamic numerical model for flood modeling in order to determine the upstream hydrograph using the measured downstream hydrograph along a river. The routing procedure consists of three steps: (1) generating a hypothetical upstream hydrograph using the genetic algorithm method; (2) hydrodynamic modeling using a numerical simulation model for flood routing according to the hypothetical hydrograph, which is generated in the first step; (3) comparing the calculated and observed hydrograph in the downstream by using a fitness function. This recommended procedure was named the Reverse Flood Routing Method (RFRM) and was then applied to Karun River, the largest river in Iran. Comparison of the final generated upstream hydrograph by the RFRM model with the corresponding measured hydrograph at the upstream boundary (here Ahvaz hydrometric station was assumed as an ungauged river location) shows the high accuracy of the recommended model in this study.

scholarly journals Reverse Flood Routing in an Open Channel Using Genetic Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Azizipour ◽  
Seyed Mahmood Kashefipour ◽  
Ali Haghighi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Open Channel ◽  
Fitness Function ◽  
Flood Routing ◽  
Integrated Method ◽  
Karun River ◽  
The Status ◽  
Genetic Algorithm Method ◽  
Routing Method ◽  
Hydrometric Station

Flood routing in flood forecasting issue, calculation the height of flood bands, determining the river boundaries, and estimation of protective facilities for flood –exposed building is applicable. In many cases, due to the lack of measuring stations, the status of the upstream flood generating hydrograph is not known. The purpose of this study is to present an integrated method comprising of an optimization model and a hydrodynamic numerical model for flood modeling to determine the upstream hydrograph using the provided hydrograph at the downstream measuring station of a river. The routing procedure consists of three steps: (1) generating a hypothetical upstream hydrograph using genetic algorithm method; (2) hydrodynamic modeling using a numerical simulation model for flood routing according to the hypothetical hydrograph which is generated in the first step; (3) compare the calculated and observed hydrograph in downstream by using a fitness function. This recommended procedure was named as Reverse Flood Routing Method (RFRM) and was then applied to Karun River, the largest river in Iran. Comparing the generated upstream hydrograph by the RFRM model with the corresponding measured hydrograph at Ahvaz hydrometric station, as an ungauged river location, shows the high accuracy of the recommended model in this study.

Rural Area Emotional Disturbance Service Delivery: Problems and Future Directions

1983 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Paul L. Beare ◽  
Evelyn C. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Emotional Disturbance ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Directors Of Special Education ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

This study investigated the status of Emotional Disturbance (ED) service delivery in rural and urban areas of three midwestern states. Information was gathered from directors of special education. Urban and rural areas were compared on level and types of services, and training and license of the involved teachers. Additional data were collected concerning the directors' perception of service delivery problems and solutions. Generally, rural areas were found to have more severe problems than urban areas in service delivery. Suggestions were offered to help alleviate delivery problems.

Policy Approaches to Promote Women Entrepreneurship in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-165
Author(s):  
Nishi Tyagi ◽  
Rinkal Sharma ◽  
Pallavi Jain
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Women’S Entrepreneurship ◽  
The Status ◽  
Women's Entrepreneurship ◽  
Successful Women ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Women are traditionally regarded as homemakers and are restricted to household affairs and family customs. At the same time, the Indian society is a male-dominated one in the sociological setup, and the women are considered weak and dependent. The major problems of women's entrepreneurship development in India are poor degree of financial freedom for rural women, lack of direct ownership of the property, low risk bearing ability, and lack of contact with successful women entrepreneurs. Through their diligent work, determination, integrity, and dedication, these ambitious women are making a reputation for themselves and gained wealth. The primary objective of this chapter is to discuss the status and problems along with the solutions of women entrepreneurs in India. It also includes the significance of women's entrepreneurship and analyzes the policies of the Indian government for women in urban and rural areas. It will initiate a dialogue with policymakers on how to foster enhanced innovation in women-owned enterprises in India.

scholarly journals ANALYZING THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN E-GOVERNANCE ERA OF BANGLADESH: CHALLENGES AND POTENTIALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tasnuva Habib Zisan
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
The Status ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
And Control ◽  
Status Of Women

This study examines the present status of women in the context of Electronic governance initiatives in Bangladesh. As a developing country, Bangladesh is stepping toward achieving E-governance where there is always a debate of the digital divide. Hence, this study tries to explore the challenges faced by women for access to and control over resources specifically the Information and Communication Technology tools or devices. It also aims to unveil the potentials of women's access and usage of such resources. This study employs survey data collected from study areas. Both urban and rural areas are chosen to get an overall scenario of women's status. This study is conducted in an inductive approach and findings are analyzed in a qualitative approach. The result shows that the status of women in access and usage of ICT varies in urban and rural areas due to some common constraints. The major findings of the study suggest that Information and Communication Technology has some potential for women empowerment which is explained as a case study. In this era of E-governance, most women are still facing gendered challenges such as lack of control over resources, awareness, education, and cybersecurity. JEL Classification Codes: H41, J70, O33, O38.

scholarly journals A Study of Locus of Control and Achievement Motivation among students of Jalgaon Dist

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. C. P. Labhane ◽  
Prof. H. R. Nikam ◽  
Mr. Pravin. A. Baviskar
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Status ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban Area ◽  
Age Range

The present study aims to determine the status of locus of control and achievement motivation among school going students of Jalgaon dist. The sample consists of 120 subjects 60 male and 60 female school going students. Total sample selected into the rural and urban area from Jalgaon Dist. The subjects selected in the sample were in the age range of 14-18 who are living in urban and rural areas. Standardized psychological test was used for data collection that is locus of control and achievement motivation test. After doing this scoring data was treated as mean, SD, t.

Women in the Medical Field in India

2020 ◽  
pp. 230-236
Author(s):  
Monica Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Status ◽  
Endurance Testing ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Testing Field

There is a vast difference in the status of women in the medical field in India as compared to the West. However, much progress has been made in the past two decades at least in the urban areas. There is a tremendous disparity in the rural and urban areas when it comes to the number of women who enter this field. The urban areas are almost on par with the western standards at present. Despite having so many women who are leaders in the field, the situation in rural India remains desolate. Many hopes are dashed and much talent is wasted as societal interference, early marriages, and poor socio-economic status make it extremely difficult for the women in the semi-urban and rural areas to enter this lengthy and endurance-testing field. The patriarchal nature of the society, ancient customs, and inability to adapt to modern times are some of the common reasons that so few women enter this field.

scholarly journals A Flood Inundation Modeling Approach for Urban and Rural Areas in Lake and Large-Scale River Basins

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1264
Author(s):  
George Papaioannou ◽  
Lampros Vasiliades ◽  
Athanasios Loukas ◽  
Angelos Alamanos ◽  
Andreas Efstratiadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Flood Routing ◽  
Flood Inundation ◽  
Compensation Plans ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Pinios River ◽  
Resources Conservation ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Fluvial floods are one of the primary natural hazards to our society, and the associated flood risk should always be evaluated for present and future conditions. The European Union’s (EU) Floods Directive highlights the importance of flood mapping as a key stage for detecting vulnerable areas, assessing floods’ impacts, and identifying damages and compensation plans. The implementation of the EU Flood Directive in Greece is challenging because of its geophysical and climatic variability and diverse hydrologic and hydraulic conditions. This study addressed this challenge by modeling of design rainfall at the sub-watershed level and subsequent estimation of flood design hydrographs using the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Unit Hydrograph Procedure. The HEC-RAS 2D model was used for flood routing, estimation of flood attributes (i.e., water depths and flow velocities), and mapping of inundated areas. The modeling approach was applied at two complex and ungauged representative basins: The Lake Pamvotida basin located in the Epirus Region of the wet Western Greece, and the Pinios River basin located in the Thessaly Region of the drier Central Greece, a basin with a complex dendritic hydrographic system, expanding to more than 1188 river-km. The proposed modeling approach aimed at better estimation and mapping of flood inundation areas including relative uncertainties and providing guidance to professionals and academics.

Rural Area Emotional Disturbance Service Delivery: Problems and Future Directions

1983 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Beare ◽  
Evelyn C. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Emotional Disturbance ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Directors Of Special Education ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

This study investigated the status of Emotional Disturbance (ED) service delivery in rural and urban areas of three midwestern states. Information was gathered from directors of special education. Urban and rural areas were compared on level and types of services, and training and license of the involved teachers. Additional data were collected concerning the directors' perception of service delivery problems and solutions. Generally, rural areas were found to have more severe problems than urban areas in service delivery. Suggestions were offered to help alleviate delivery problems.

Ukrainian Nationalism and the 1918 Law on National - Personal Autonomy

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Liber
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Minority Rights ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
National Movements ◽  
The Status ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Traditionally in Eastern Europe, one national group constituted a majority in the countryside but a minority in the urban areas. Thus, while the cities of Eastern Europe possessed a disproportionate share of an area's political and socio-economic resources, for the most part they were ethnically alien to the peasantry. This was not a problem until the nineteenth century, which by 1914 turned Eastern Europe into a cauldron of inter-ethnic and anti-Semitic tensions. In the subsequent struggle for power, the national movements of both the urban and rural areas claimed the cities as well as the surrounding countryside. Inasmuch as these movements did not possess a common set of interests, whatever the proposed solution — whether territorial autonomy, irredentism, independence, expansion, or the maintenance of the status quo — hardly any provision was made for minority rights.

scholarly journals LEGISLATIVE REGULATION OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT OF UKRAINIAN CITIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
I. V. Idesis
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Voluntary Association ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Municipal Reform ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Status ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Municipal Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

After the proclamation of Ukraine’s independence in 1991, local self-government in Ukraine is not regulatedseparately for such administrative-territorial units as cities (exceptions are cities with a special status). Most authorsonly state this fact, but do not make constructive suggestions aimed at improving the situation.The purpose of the article is to consider and analyze the modern laws of Ukraine, which implemented the legalregulation of local self-government in the cities of Ukraine.The study of the laws of Ukraine regulating local self-government gave grounds to note that the peculiarities of localself-government in cities are fragmented in the Law “On Local Self-Government in Ukraine”, Electoral Code and arecompletely absent in such important laws-sources of municipal law as Law “On Voluntary Association of TerritorialCommunities”, “On the Status of Deputies of Local Councils”. Regarding the latest act, the following directionsof amendments aimed at differentiating the status of deputies of local councils of rural and urban settlements areproposed: differences in the rights and responsibilities of deputies of local councils and taking into account differentquantitative composition of local councils (depending on the number of members); accordingly – more or less complexinternal structure of local councils, their executive bodies.It is noted that with the adoption on February 5, 2015 of the Law “On Voluntary Association of TerritorialCommunities” at the present stage of municipal reform began to follow the trend of refusing to unify local governmentin urban and rural areas (in connection with the introduction of the institute of elders). Proposals for amendments toArt. 7 of this Law “Preparation of decisions on voluntary association of territorial communities” and on supplementingArt. 8 “Formation of a united territorial community” paragraph 1-1 in the proposed wording.

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