Pesticide removal by GAC preloaded with natural organic matter

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Matsui ◽  
K. Iwaki ◽  
M. Uematsu ◽  
A. Yuasa
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Pesticide Concentration ◽  
Pesticide Removal

The removal of hydrophobic and hydrophilic pesticides (simazine and asulum) by granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorbers preloaded with natural organic matter (NOM) was studied through experiments using pilot scale columns and microcolumns. The pesticide concentration increased with time after the pesticide application, and it reached a pseudo-steady-state plateau. Less than 8% of the adsorbed simazine desorbed back into the column effluent by 15 days after the influent was switched to simazine-free water. The simazine desorbed from the upper part of the bed was re-adsorbed in the lower part, keeping the effluent concentration at a low level. In the pseudo-steady-state, the removal rate was described by a first order kinetic reaction for the pesticide concentration. The evaluation of removal rate modulus value revealed the profile of loaded pesticide-competitive NOM with depth. The pesticide-competitive NOMs were different for each pesticide. The percentage of the simazine-competitive NOM to the whole NOM increased after UF membrane filtration (molecular weight cutoff 1K), but not for the asulum-competitive NOM.

Coagulation/flocculation/ultrafiltration for natural organic matter removal in drinking water production

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Costa ◽  
M.N. de Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Membranes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Drinking Water Production

Membrane fouling by natural organic matter (NOM), namely by humic substances (HS), is a major problem in water treatment for drinking water production using membrane processes. Membrane fouling is dependent on membrane morphology like pore size and on water characteristics namely NOM nature. This work addresses the evaluation of the efficiency of ultrafiltration (UF) and Coagulation/Flocculation/UF performance in terms of permeation fluxes and HS removal, of the water from Tagus River (Valada). The operation of coagulation with chitosan was evaluated as a pretreatment for minimization of membrane fouling. UF experiments were carried out in flat cells of 13.2×10−4 m2 of membrane surface area and at transmembrane pressures from 1 to 4 bar. Five cellulose acetate membranes were laboratory made to cover a wide range of molecular weight cut-off (MWCO): 2,300, 11,000, 28,000, 60,000 and 75,000 Da. Severe fouling is observed for the membranes with the highest cut-off. In the permeation experiments of raw water, coagulation prior to membrane filtration led to a significant improvement of the permeation performance of the membranes with the highest MWCO due to the particles and colloidal matter removal.

Hydrolysis of organic wastewater particles in laboratory scale and pilot scale biofilm reactors under anoxic and aerobic conditions

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 179-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Janning ◽  
X. Le Tallec ◽  
P. Harremoës
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Particulate Organic Matter ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Hydrolysis and degradation of particulate organic matter has been isolated and investigated in laboratory scale and pilot scale biofilters. Wastewater was supplied to biofilm reactors in order to accumulate particulates from wastewater in the filter. When synthetic wastewater with no organic matter was supplied to the reactors, hydrolysis of the particulates was the only process occurring. Results from the laboratory scale experiments under aerobic conditions with pre-settled wastewater show that the initial removal rate is high: rV, O2 = 2.1 kg O2/(m3 d) though fast declining towards a much slower rate. A mass balance of carbon (TOC/TIC) shows that only 10% of the accumulated TOC was transformed to TIC during the 12 hour long experiment. The pilot scale hydrolysis experiment was performed in a new type of biofilm reactor - the B2A® biofilter that is characterised by a series of decreasing sized granular media (80-2.5 mm). When hydrolysis experiments were performed on the anoxic pilot biofilter with pre-screened wastewater particulates as carbon source, a rapid (rV, NO3=0.7 kg NO3-N/(m3 d)) and a slowler (rV, NO3 = 0.3 kg NO3-N/(m3 d)) removal rate were observed at an oxygen concentration of 3.5 mg O2/l. It was found that the pilot biofilter could retain significant amounts of particulate organic matter, reducing the porosity of the filter media of an average from 0.35 to 0.11. A mass balance of carbon shows that up to 40% of the total incoming TOC accumulates in the filter at high flow rates. Only up to 15% of the accumulated TOC was transformed to TIC during the 24 hour long experiment.

Reduction of natural organic matter by an electrolytic process, conventional coagulation and direct descending filtration in a pilot-scale water treatment system

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Cochrane Santiago Sampaio ◽  
Eliezer Fares Abdala Neto ◽  
Ari Clecius Alves de Lima ◽  
Isabel Cristina Lima Freitas ◽  
Marisete Dantas de Aquino
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Water Treatment System ◽  
Electrolytic Process

Coupling effect of 17β-estradiol and natural organic matter on the performance of a PAC adsorption/membrane filtration hybrid system

Desalination ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 237 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 392-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kah-Young Song ◽  
Pyung-Kyu Park ◽  
Jae-Hyuk Kim ◽  
Chung-Hak Lee ◽  
Sangho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
17Β Estradiol

scholarly journals NOM removal technologies – Norwegian experiences

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ødegaard ◽  
S. Østerhus ◽  
E. Melin ◽  
B. Eikebrokk
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Granular Media ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Nanofiltration Membranes ◽  
Removal Technologies ◽  
Molecular Sieving

Abstract. The paper gives an overview of the methods for removal of natural organic matter (NOM) in water, particularly humic substances (HS), with focus on the Norwegian experiences. It is demonstrated that humic substances may be removed by a variety of methods, such as; molecular sieving through nanofiltration membranes, coagulation with subsequent floc separation (including granular media or membrane filtration), oxidation followed by biofiltration and sorption processes including chemisorption (ion exchange) and physical adsorption (activated carbon). All these processes are in use in Norway and the paper gives an overview of the operational experiences.

Identification and control of fouling of low-pressure (MF and UF) membranes by drinking-water natural organic matter

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lee ◽  
G. Amy ◽  
H. Habarou ◽  
J.C. Schrotter
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Gel Formation ◽  
Flux Decline ◽  
Organic Fouling ◽  
Pore Blockage ◽  
Uf Membranes ◽  
And Control ◽  
Filtration Flux

Natural organic matter (NOM) is responsible for organic fouling during membrane filtration. Flux decline can be affected by the characteristics of the NOM and its interaction with membranes and their associated properties. The results showed that serious flux decline observed for MF membranes may be caused by pore blockage associated with large (macromolecular) hydrophilic molecules. In the case of UF membranes, flux decline may be caused by sequential or simultaneous processes such as cake/gel formation with large (macromolecular) molecules and pore blockage with relatively smaller molecules during filtration. The flux decline tests with representative macromolecules showed that fouling was affected more by the physical characteristics (e.g. size and structure (shape)) of foulants than the characteristics (e.g. hydrophilicity) of foulants.

Natural Organic Matter (NOM) Transformations and their Effects on Water Treatment Process: A Contemporary Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Karnena ◽  
Madhavi Konni ◽  
Bhavya Kavitha Dwarapureddi ◽  
Vara Saritha
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Water And Wastewater

Abstract: One of the several significant concerns related to water treatment plants is the transformation of natural organic matter (NOM) concerning quality and quantity due to the changing climatic conditions. The NOM consists of heterogeneous functionalized groups. Phenolic and carboxyl groups are the dominant groups that are pH-dependent and show a stronger affinity towards the metals. Properties of natural organic matter and trace elements govern the binding kinetics, influencing cations' binding to functionalized groups at lower pH. The water treatment process mechanisms like adsorption, coagulation, membrane filtration, and ion exchange efficiencies are sturdily influenced by the presence of NOM with cations and by the natural organic matter alone. The complexation among the natural organic matter and coagulants enhances the removal of NOM from the coagulation processes. The current review illustrates detailed interactions between natural organic matter and the potential impacts of cations on NOM in the water and wastewater treatment facilities.

Biofiltration of Ozonated Humic Water in Expanded Clay Aggregate Filters

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Melin ◽  
H. Ødegaard
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Methyl Glyoxal ◽  
By Products

Treatment of humic water was studied in a pilot-scale ozonation/biofiltration treatment plant. The raw water had TOC and CODMn concentrations of 3.2-5.0 and 4.1-6.6 mgO 1−1, respectively, and colour (410 nm) of 30-50 mgPt 1−1. The effect of biofilter loading rate on removal of organic matter and ozonation by-products was investigated in two upflow biofilters containing expanded clay aggregate (Filtralite) media. The empty bed contact times ranged from 11 to 54 min. The TOC removals varied from 18 to 37% and the CODMn removals from 30 to 48% with ozone dosages from 1.0 to 1.7 mgO3 mgTOC−1. The ozone dosage seemed to have larger effect on removal efficiency than the loading rate. Concentrations of aldehydes (sum of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, glyoxal and methyl glyoxal) were 41-47 μg 1−1 in ozonated water. Formaldehyde and glyoxal were the only aldehydes detected from the biofilter effluents at concentrations higher than 1 μg 1−1, but their mean concentrations were below 2.1 μg 1−1. The ketoacid concentrations (sum of glyoxylic, pyruvic and ketomalonic acids) ranged from 272 to 441 μg 1−1. Average biofilter effluent concentrations varied from 5.3 (glyoxylic acid) up to 67 μg 1−1 (ketomalonic acid) with steady-state reductions generally over 80%. The aldehydes and ketoacids accounted on average for 16% of the biodegraded TOC. The results show that expanded clay aggregate media is a good alternative as biofilter material.

scholarly journals Effective natural organic matter removal in pond water by carbon nanotube membrane with flocculation/adsorption

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1080-1087
Author(s):  
Jieun Lee ◽  
Saravanamuth Vigneswaran ◽  
Yongshun Zhang ◽  
Ramireddy S. P. Raj Reddy ◽  
Zongwen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Permeate Flux ◽  
Flux Decline

A carbon nanotube (CNT) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane was applied to natural organic matter (NOM) removal in pond water treatment. The source water was pretreated by flocculation and/or adsorption prior to the UF process to alleviate permeate flux decline and improve NOM removal efficiency. The performance of a commercial polyethersulfone (PES) UF membrane was compared to evaluate that of the CNT membrane. The CNT membrane outperformed the PES-UF membrane. The permeate flux, total organic carbon and humic acid (HA) removal rate of the CNT membrane was observed to be 230 LMH/bar, 60%, and 80% when 30 mg/L poly aluminium chloride (PACI) flocculation was applied. This highlights that the permeate flux was three times higher with slightly higher rejection efficiency than the PES-UF membrane. In particular, severe permeate flux decline was completely overcome by the CNT membrane with 30 mg/L PACI coagulation. For powder activated carbon (PAC) adsorption, even though there was a severe permeate flux decline in the CNT membrane, almost complete HA removal (98%) was achieved when 0.5 g/L PAC adsorption was coupled. Based on the superior performance of the CNT membrane with pretreatment, the CNT membrane is suggested to be a robust system for a high concentration of organic matter pond water treatment without membrane flux decline.

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