Development and application of a simple procedure for toxicity testing using immobilized algae

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad I. Abdel-Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Response Parameter ◽  
Test Alga ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Immobilized Algae

A simple microplate technique was adopted for toxicity assessment of a number of pesticides including six herbicides (Atrazine, Dichloroprop, Glyphosphate, Chlorsulfuron, MCPA, and Simazine), an insecticide (Dimethoate) and a fungicide (Propiconazol). Growth response of free and immobilized cultures of the green chlorococcal algae Selenastrum capricornumtum to different treatments of these pesticides was tested and compared. The biotests were carried out under conditions optimal for the growth of the test alga. Algal growth was exposed in terms of dry weight, and was employed as the toxicity-response parameter. Dose-response curves were used to calculate the toxicity of the tested compounds in terms of EC50. Based on EC50 values, the responses of both immobilized and free cultures were quite similar for almost all the treatments. The technique facilitated the visual detection of the lowest toxic concentration giving no detectable algal growth (EC100). The technique is quite simple, rapid, practical, accurate, and space saving. It suggested that batteries of immobilized algae could replace free cultures in studies of toxicity testing.

scholarly journals Response of Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata in Free and Alginate Immobilized Cells to Heavy Metals Toxicity

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2847
Author(s):  
Zaki M. Al-Hasawi ◽  
Mohammad I. Abdel-Hamid ◽  
Adel W. Almutairi ◽  
Hussein E. Touliabah
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Pseudokirchneriella Subcapitata ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Free Cells ◽  
Heavy Metals Toxicity ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Immobilized Algae

Effects of 12 heavy metals on growth of free and alginate-immobilized cells of the alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata were investigated. The tested metals ions include Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Se, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn. Toxicity values (EC50) were calculated by graphical interpolation from dose-response curves. The highest to the lowest toxic metals are in the order Cd > Co > Hg > Cu > Ni > Zn > Cr > Al > Se > As > Pb > Sr. The lowest metal concentration (mg L−1) inhibiting 50% (EC50) of algal growth of free and immobilized (values in parentheses) algal cells were, 0.018 (0.09) for Cd, 0.03 (0.06) for Co, 0.039 (0.06) for Hg, 0.048 (0.050) for Cu, 0.055 (0.3) for Ni, 0.08 (0.1) for Zn, 0.2 (0.3) for Cr, 0.75 (1.8) for Al, 1.2 (1.4) for Se, 3.0 (4.0) for As, 3.3 (5.0) for Pb, and 160 (180) for Sr. Free and immobilized cultures showed similar responses to Cu and Se. The free cells were more sensitive than the immobilized ones. Accordingly, the toxicity (EC50) of heavy metals derived only form immobilized algal cells might by questionable. The study suggests that batteries of alginate-immobilized algae can efficiently replace free algae for the bio-removal of heavy metals.

PHYTOTOXICITY OF WASTEWATER CONTAINING CADMIUM (Cd) USING OLEANDER

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1231-1238
Author(s):  
Zeki & Ridha
Keyword(s):  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Simulated Wastewater ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Plant Shoots

This study was aimed to investigate the ability of N.oleander to remove Cadmium (Cd) from wastewater. A prolonged toxicity test was performed in a single exposure and run for 65 days with various concentrations of Cd. Plants were grown in sand medium and irrigated with simulated wastewater contaminated with Cd, using different concentrations (0, 10, 25, 50, 75 mg/L), which were chosen based on previous preliminary test. The results of physical observation of the plants didn’t show any withering symptoms. The Cd concentration in plants increased, while in water decreased. The results of plant analysis showed that Cd concentration in plant shoots (stems and leaves) was higher than that in roots for almost all exposure doses along the test duration. The concentration of Cd in water decreased significantly from the first week of the test and become (0 mg/l) on day-35 for 10 and 25 mg/l exposure doses, while exceeded the permissible limits for 50 and 75 mg/l exposure doses and were 0.14 and 0.91 mg/l, respectively. Wet weight and dry weight of Oleander decreased with increasing Cd concentration level except for 10 mg/l exposure dose where the plant wet weight and dry weight increased at the end of the test. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and Translocation Factor (TF) was found to be greater than 1, indicating that Oleander is a successful hyperaccumulator for Cd.

scholarly journals Toxicity assessment of pickling liquors containing TiF₃, HF and HCl before and after neutralization using a phytotesting method

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Nikolay Alekseevich Bykovsky ◽  
Timur Zulfukarovich Zabirov ◽  
Inna Vyacheslavovna Ovsyannikova ◽  
Lyudmila Nikolaevna Puchkova ◽  
Nadezhda Nikolaevna Fanakova
Keyword(s):  
Dilution Rate ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Rate Equations ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Acute Toxic Effect

The paper evaluates the toxicity of spent acid pickling liquor (SAPL) formed in the production of titanium products during its etching with a mixture of hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acids. The SAPL contained TiF₃, HF and HCl in the amounts of 21,9 g/l, 1,7 g/l and 6,2 g/l, respectively. To determine the toxicity of SAPL, a phytotesting method was used. As a phytoecological indicator, cress of Zabava variety was used. The experiment was carried out according to the procedure for determining the toxicity of drinking, ground, surface and sewage water; the toxicity of chemical solutions by measuring the germination index, average length and average dry weight of seed germs of cress (Lepidium sativum). The toxicity of the SAPL was determined before and after neutralizing with alkali. It has been shown that SAPL has an acute toxic effect both before and after its neutralization by alkali. To determine a safe dilution rate, the influence of SAPL dilution on seed germination, average length and average dry weight of the seedlings was studied. It was found that the seedlings average length-dilution rate equations most reliably describe the experimental findings. The safe dilution rate calculated from these relations is 669,2 for non-neutralized SAPL and 382,5 for alkaline neutralized SAPL.

scholarly journals Infection with intracellular parasite Amoeboaphelidium protococcarum induces shifts in associated bacterial communities in microalgae cultures

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 2863-2873
Author(s):  
Anna-Lena Höger ◽  
Carola Griehl ◽  
Matthias Noll
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Freshwater Microalgae

AbstractIn recent years microalgae products have developed increasing market demand, but sustainable industrial production is still challenged by biological stability of large-scale production plants. Yet the relationships between algal hosts, associated microbiomes, and contaminants in photobioreactors remains widely understudied. The aim of this study was to investigate the temporal development of microbiomes of four freshwater microalgae species Scenedesmus vacuolatus, Desmodesmus quadricauda, Chlorella sorokiniana, and Botryococcus braunii, in presence and absence of the zoosporic parasite Amoeboaphelidium protococcarum. To compare the effects of sterile and nonsterile culture conditions, infection experiments were performed in sterile laboratory (sterile) and simulated industrial conditions (open). Algal growth (dry weight, optical density, and nutrient consumption) was observed for 21 days, and samples of the associated microbiome were collected for bacterial 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Infection patterns of A. protococcarum were algae species-specific, irrespectively of culture conditions. Bacterial community analysis demonstrated distinct and stable bacterial communities for each algae species, which were mostly dominated by α- and γ-Proteobacteria. Upon aphelid parasitosis, bacterial diversity increased, and community compositions diverged algae-specific over time. Moreover, bacterial functional traits shifted to detoxification, degradation, and cellulolysis once algae were infected. This study provides a first insight into the close connection between algae, associated bacterial microbiomes and appearing contaminants in photobioreactor systems.

Hormesis - Implications for risk assessment caloric intake (body weight) as an exemplar

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 454-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Turturro ◽  
Bruce Hass ◽  
Ronald W Hart
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Hormetic Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hormetic Response

Hormesis can be considered as a parameter which has a non-monotonic relationship with some endpoint. Since caloric intake is such a parameter, and the impact of this parameter on risk assessment has been fairly well characterized, it can provide clues as to how to integrate the information from a hormetic parameter into risk assessments for toxicants. Based on the work with caloric intake, one could: (a) define a biomarker for hormetic effect; (b) integrate specific information on when in the animals lifespan the parameter is active to influence parameters such as survival; (c) evaluate component effects of the overall hormetic response; and (d) address the consequences of a non-monotonic relationship between the hormetic parameter and endpoints critical for risk assessment. These impacts on risk assessments have been characterized for chronic tests, but are also true for short-term tests. A priority is the characterization of the dose-response curves for hormetic parameters. This quantification will be critical in utilizing them in risk assessment. With this information, one could better quantitatively address the changes one expects to result from the hormetic parameter, and limit the uncertainty and variability which occurs in toxicity testing.

Understanding Toxicity of Nanomaterials in Biological Systems

2016 ◽  
pp. 403-427
Author(s):  
Irshad Ahmad Wani ◽  
Tokeer Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Applied Science ◽  
Nanoscale Materials ◽  
Energy Medicine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Direct Use

Nanotechnology is a growing applied science having considerable global socioeconomic value. Nanoscale materials are casting their impact on almost all industries and all areas of society. A wide range of engineered nanoscale products has emerged with widespread applications in fields such as energy, medicine, electronics, plastics, energy and aerospace etc. While the market for nanotechnology products will have grown over one trillion US dollars by 2015, the presence of these material is likely to increase leading to increasing likelihood of exposure. The direct use of nanomaterials in humans for medical and cosmetic purposes dictates vigorous safety assessment of toxicity. Therefore this book chapter provides the detailed toxicity assessment of various types of nanomaterials.

Understanding Toxicity of Nanomaterials in Biological Systems

2017 ◽  
pp. 1533-1557
Author(s):  
Irshad Ahmad Wani ◽  
Tokeer Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Applied Science ◽  
Nanoscale Materials ◽  
Energy Medicine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Direct Use

Nanotechnology is a growing applied science having considerable global socioeconomic value. Nanoscale materials are casting their impact on almost all industries and all areas of society. A wide range of engineered nanoscale products has emerged with widespread applications in fields such as energy, medicine, electronics, plastics, energy and aerospace etc. While the market for nanotechnology products will have grown over one trillion US dollars by 2015, the presence of these material is likely to increase leading to increasing likelihood of exposure. The direct use of nanomaterials in humans for medical and cosmetic purposes dictates vigorous safety assessment of toxicity. Therefore this book chapter provides the detailed toxicity assessment of various types of nanomaterials.

Alkylphenol Polyethoxylate Metabolites in Canadian Sewage Treatment Plant Waste Streams

1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.T. Bennie ◽  
C.A. Sullivan ◽  
H.-B. Lee ◽  
R.J. Maguire
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Priority Substances ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Nonylphenol Ethoxylate ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Final Effluent

Abstract Nonylphenol polyethoxylates and their refractory metabolites, including nonylphenol, are on the second Priority Substances List (PSL2) to determine if they are "toxic" as defined under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act. This study addresses the need for data on their occurrence in raw sewage, final effluents and sludge in Canada. Samples of raw sewage, final effluent and sludge were collected from 16 wastewater treatment plants across Canada in 1995 and 1996. These samples were analyzed for 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), nonylphenol ethoxylate (NP1EO), nonylphenol diethoxylate (NP2EO) and 4-4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP). Measurable quantities of these chemicals were found in almost all raw sewage and sludge samples. In the raw sewage, concentrations ranged from <0.005 to 21 μg/L for 4-t-OP, from 0.69 to 155 μg/L for 4-NP, from 2.9 to 43 μg/L for NP1EO and from 0.26 to 24 μg/L for NP2EO. Sludge concentrations (based on dry weight) ranged from <0.010 to 20 μg/g, from 8.4 to 850 μg/g, from 3.9 to 437 μg/g and from 1.5 to 297 μg/g for 4-t-OP, 4-NP, NP1EO and NP2EO, respectively. Of the final effluent samples, 60% contained detectable amounts of 4-t-OP and concentrations ranged from <0.005 to 0.37 μg/L. Almost all of the final effluent samples had detectable levels of 4-NP, NP1EO and NP2EO. The 4-NP concentrations varied from <0.020 to 13 μg/L, NP1EO was found in the range of 0.072 to 26 μg/L and NP2EO was found in the range of 0.099 to 21 μg/L.

scholarly journals Variation of Glucosinolate Accumulation and Gene Expression of Transcription Factors at Different Stages of Chinese Cabbage Seedlings under Light and Dark Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeon Bok Kim ◽  
Jin-Hyuk Chun ◽  
Hye Ran Kim ◽  
Sun-Ju Kim ◽  
Yong Pyo Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Dark Conditions ◽  
Almost All

Chinese cabbage is one of the most important leafy vegetables widely used in East Asian cuisines. The glucosinolate (GSL) accumulation and transcript levels of 7 transcription factors (Dofl.l, IQD1-1, MYB28, MYB29, MYB34, MYB51, and MYB122, and their isoforms) involved in the biosynthesis of aliphatic and indolic glucosinolates (GSLs) were analyzed at different stages of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) seedlings under light and dark conditions using high performance liquid chromatography and quantitative real time PCR. During seedling development, transcription of almost all transcription factors under light conditions was higher expressed than under dark conditions. Five aliphatic GSLs (progoitrin, sinigrin, glucoalyssin, gluconapin, and glucobrassicanapin) and four indolic GSLs (4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, and neoglucobrasscin) were detected. Total GSL contents under light conditions 6, 8, and 10 days after sowing (DAS) were 3.2-, 3.9-, and 6.9-fold higher, respectively than those of dark conditions. Interestingly, total GSL contents 2 {85.4 μmol/g dry weight (DW)} to 10 (7.74 μmol/g DW) DAS under dark conditions were gradually decreased. In this study, our results suggest that light affects the levels of GSL in Chinese cabbage seedlings. These results could be useful for obtaining cabbage varieties rich in GSLs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document