Experiments on high rate effluent filtration in the Netherlands

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
Jaap H. J. M. van der Graaf ◽  
Arjen F. van Nieuwenhuijzen
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Effluent

As yet, filtration of wastewater treatment effluent has not been practised in the Netherlands. The main objections were the expected high costs. In order to gain practical experience an investigation programme studied the applicability and optimization of effluent filtration. Especially multi-layer filtration with the addition of ironchloride seemed to be very effective. Very low concentrations of suspended solids and phosphorus were achieved, even at high filtration rates (up to 30 m/h). This leads to an impressive reduction of expected costs, down to Dfl. 0.02/m3 (treated water).

Experiments on membrane filtration of effluent at wastewater treatment plants in the Netherlands

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. J. M. van der Graaf ◽  
J. F. Kramer ◽  
J. Pluim ◽  
J. de Koning ◽  
M. Weijs
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Wwtp Effluent ◽  
Capillary Membranes ◽  
Almost All

In the Netherlands interest in advanced treatment is increasing now that almost all wastewater treatment plants apply full biological treatment and nutrient removal. Membrane filtration of WWTP-effluent appears to be a very promising method to remove suspended solids and, in addition, bacteria and viruses. Experiments with a pilot unit consisting of a dual media prefilter and a membrane filter, containing capillary membranes with a pore size of 0.01 μm (ultrafiltration) and working in a semi dead-end mode, gave rather promising results. A flux of 90 l/m2.h was achieved after optimizing the cleaning procedures (TMP 0.6 bar, recovery > 90%). Experiments with microfiltration (transverse flow module) based on the cross-flow principle were successful only at high cross flow velocities (flux 100 l/m2.h, TMP 0.5 bar, recovery 80%). The ultrafiltrate showed an excellent quality with the absence of suspended solids and bacteria. Finally, low costs for energy (NLG 0.02/m3 (1 NLG = 0.5 US$)) and chemicals (NLG 0.01/m3) were calculated. Further optimization will facilitate the applicability of membrane filtration in the near future.

Dairy Wastewater Treatment and Reuse

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Hadjivassilis
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Treated Water

Dairy wastewater (200 m3/d, 345 kg BOD5/d) is treated by activated sludge plant with an oxic selector, followed by a high- rate multilayer coagulation - filtration and disinfection. Treated water is reused for cooling and irrigation.

Rehabilitation and Upgrading of the Beni Suef City Wastewater Treatment Plant

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Ahmed Fadel
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Shock Load ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Trickling Filter

Many of Egypt's cities have existing treatment plants under operation that have been constructed before 1970. Almost all of these treatment plants now need rehabilitation and upgrading to extend their services for a longer period. One of these plants is the Beni Suef City Wastewater Treatment Plant. The Beni Suef WWTP was constructed in 1956. It has primary treatment followed by secondary treatment employing intermediate rate trickling filters. The BOD, COD, and SS concentration levels are relatively high. They are approximately 800, 1100, and 600 mg/litre, respectively. The Beni Suef city required the determination of the level of work needed for the rehabilitation and upgrading of the existing 200 l/s plant and to extend its capacity to 440 l/s at year 2000 A description of the existing units, their deficiencies and operation problems, and the required rehabilitation are presented and discussed in this paper. Major problems facing the upgrading were the lack of space for expansion and the shortage of funds. It was, therefore, necessary to study several alternative solutions and methods of treatment. The choice of alternatives was from one of the following schemes: a) changing the filter medium, its mode of operation and increasing the number of units, b) changing the trickling filter to high rate and combining it with the activated sludge process, for operation by one of several possible combinations such as: trickling filter-solids contact, roughing filter-activated sludge, and trickling filter-activated sludge process, c) dividing the flow into two parts, the first part to be treated using the existing system and the second part to be treated by activated sludge process, and d) expanding the existing system by increasing the numbers of the different process units. The selection of the alternative was based on technical, operational and economic evaluations. The different alternatives were compared on the basis of system costs, shock load handling, treatment plant operation and predicted effluent quality. The flow schemes for the alternatives are presented. The methodology of selecting the best alternative is discussed. From the study it was concluded that the first alternative is the most reliable from the point of view of costs, handling shock load, and operation.

Bottlenecks in the Implementation of On-Site Wastewater Treatment Plants on a Large Scale in The Netherlands

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Frits A. Fastenau ◽  
Jaap H. J. M. van der Graaf ◽  
Gerard Martijnse
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Definition Of

More than 95 % of the total housing stock in the Netherlands is connected to central sewerage systems and in most cases the wastewater is treated biologically. As connection to central sewerage systems has reached its economic limits, interest in on-site treatment of the domestic wastewater of the remaining premises is increasing. A large scale research programme into on-site wastewater treatment up to population equivalents of 200 persons has therefore been initiated by the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment. Intensive field-research work did establish that the technological features of most on-site biological treatment systems were satisfactory. A large scale implementation of these systems is however obstructed in different extents by problems of an organisational, financial and/or juridical nature and management difficulties. At present research is carried out to identify these bottlenecks and to analyse possible solutions. Some preliminary results are given which involve the following ‘bottlenecks':-legislation: absence of co-ordination and absence of a definition of ‘surface water';-absence of subsidies;-ownership: divisions in task-setting of Municipalities and Waterboards; divisions involved with cost-sharing;-inspection; operational control and maintenance; organisation of management;-discharge permits;-pollution levy;-sludge disposal. Final decisions and practical elaboration of policies towards on-site treatment will have to be formulated in a broad discussion with all the authorities and interest groups involved.

Modelling the performance of anaerobic wastewater stabilization ponds

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 171-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Saqqar ◽  
M. B. Pescod
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Wastewater Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Raw Wastewater

The performance of the primary anaerobic pond at the Alsamra Wastewater Treatment Plant in Jordan was monitored over 48 months. Overall averages for the removal efficiencies of BOD5, COD and suspended solids were 53%, 53% and 74%, respectively. An improvement in removal efficiency with increase in pond water temperature was demonstrated. A model, which takes into account the variability of raw wastewater at different locations, has been developed to describe the performance of a primary anaerobic pond in terms of a settleability ratio for the raw wastewater. The model has been verified by illustrating the high correlation between actual and predicted pond performance.

Treatment of tunnel wash water and implications for its disposal

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2029-2035 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hallberg ◽  
G. Renman ◽  
L. Byman ◽  
G. Svenstam ◽  
M. Norling
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Road Tunnels

The use of road tunnels in urban areas creates water pollution problems, since the tunnels must be frequently cleaned for traffic safety reasons. The washing generates extensive volumes of highly polluted water, for example, more than fivefold higher concentrations of suspended solids compared to highway runoff. The pollutants in the wash water have an affinity for particulate material, so sedimentation should be a viable treatment option. In this study, 12 in situ sedimentation trials were carried out on tunnel wash water, with and without addition of chemical flocculent. Initial suspended solids concentration ranged from 804 to 9,690 mg/L. With sedimentation times of less than 24 hours and use of a chemical flocculent, it was possible to reach low concentrations of suspended solids (<15 mg/L), PAH (<0.1 μg/L), As (<1.0 μg/L), Cd (<0.05 μg/L), Hg (<0.02 μg/L), Fe (<200 μg/L), Ni (<8 μg/L), Pb (<0.5 μg/L), Zn (<60 μg/L) and Cr (<8 μg/L). Acute Microtox® toxicity, mainly attributed to detergents used for the tunnel wash, decreased significantly at low suspended solids concentrations after sedimentation using a flocculent. The tunnel wash water did not inhibit nitrification. The treated water should be suitable for discharge into recipient waters or a wastewater treatment plant.

Wastewater treatment high rate algal ponds (WWT HRAP) for low-cost biofuel production

2015 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 202-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Mehrabadi ◽  
Rupert Craggs ◽  
Mohammed M. Farid
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Rate Algal Ponds

PARAMETERS FOR DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF W ASTEW ATER TREATMENT PLANTS WITH HIGH-RATE AND LOW-RATE ACTIVATED SLUDGE TANKS

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Brands ◽  
M. Liebeskind ◽  
M. Dohmann
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Yield Coefficient ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Low Rate

This study shows a comparison of important parameters for dynamic simulation concerning the highrate and low-rate activated sludge tanks of several municipal wastewater treatment plants. The parameters for the dynamic simulation of the single-stage process are quite well known, but parameters for the high-ratellow-rate activated sludge process are still missi ng, although a considerable number of wastewater treatment plants are designed and operated that way. At present any attempt to simulate their operation is restricted to the second stage due to missing data concerning growth rate, decay rate, yield coefficient and others.

Oxygen Supply Method Using Gas-Permeable Film for Wastewater Treatment

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Suzuki ◽  
S. Miyahara ◽  
K. Takeishi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Transfer ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Oxygen Transfer Rate ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
N Removal ◽  
High Energy Consumption

Gas-permeable film can separate air and water, and at the same time, let oxygen diffuse from the air to the water through the film. An oxygen supply method using this film was investigated for the purpose of reducing energy consumption for wastewater treatment. The oxygen transfer rate was measured for the cases with or without biofilm, which proved the high rate of oxygen transfer in the case with nitrifying biofilm which performed nitrification. When the Gas-permeable film with nitrifying biofilm was applied to the treatment of wastewater, denitrifying biofilm formed on the nitrifying biofilm, and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification occurred, resulting in the high rate of organic matter and T-N removal (7 gTOC/m2/d and 4 gT-N/m2/d, respectively). However, periodic sloughing of the denitrifying biofilm was needed to keep the oxygen transfer rate high. Energy consumption of the process using the film in the form of tubes was estimated to be less than 40% of that of the activated sludge process.

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