The development of management strategies for control of virological quality in oysters

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Doré ◽  
K. Henshilwood ◽  
D. N. Lees
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Virus Removal ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Quality Control Mechanism ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Product Standard

This laboratory has previously described the development of a PCR method for the detection of small round structured viruses (SRSVs) in shellfish and the use of male-specific RNA bacteriophages as “viral” indicators to predict the occurrence and behaviour of such viruses in shellfish. We now describe the application of these procedures to monitor oyster harvesting areas, shellfish treatment processes and products sold to the consumer. Oysters are traditionally consumed raw and can be treated to enable them to meet the legislative end-product standard of <230 E coli/100g. Treatment options include purification (depuration) in tanks of clean seawater or relaying in clean seawater for a suitable period. These procedures are effective for enabling shellfish compliance with the existing bacterial end product standard but do not guarantee viral protection for the consumer. This study initially investigates the efficiency of these treatment processes for reducing viral contamination in sewage-contaminated oysters. Initial levels of viral pollution in oysters were found to be critical to the success of post-harvest treatment processes. Additionally, the success of depuration and relaying for virus removal was found to be dependent on the duration of the process and on factors affecting shellfish metabolic activity such as the water temperature. We demonstrate that by using male-specific RNA bacteriophage as an indicator of viral pollution combined with SRSV monitoring it is possible to derive management strategies for more effective control of the virological quality of oysters. Male-specific RNA bacteriophage monitoring of final products prior to sale to the consumer provided an effective quality control mechanism. We discuss the combined use of these new monitoring tools for more effective management of the virological quality of oysters sold to the consumer.

scholarly journals Environmental Factors Affecting the Mineralization of Crop Residues

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1951
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Grzyb ◽  
Agnieszka Wolna-Maruwka ◽  
Alicja Niewiadomska
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Plant Matter ◽  
High Yields

The aim of this article is to present the issues related to the significance of microorganisms in the mineralization of crop residues and the influence of environmental factors on the rate of this process. Crop residues play a very important role in agriculture because they can be used both as an environment-friendly waste management strategy and as a means of improving soil organic matter. The inclusion of crop residues in the soil requires appropriate management strategies that support crop production and protect the quality of surface water and groundwater. Crops need nutrients for high yields; however, they can only absorb ionic forms of elements. At this point, the microorganisms that convert organically bound nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur into soluble NH4+, NO3−, H2PO4−, HPO42−, and SO42− ions are helpful. Mineralization is the transformation of organic compounds into inorganic ones, which is a biological process that depends on temperature, rainfall, soil properties, the chemical composition of crop residues, the structure and composition of microbial communities, and the C:N ratio in soil after the application of plant matter. An adjustment of the values of these factors enables us to determine the rate and direction of the mineralization of crop residues in soil.

scholarly journals Interprofessional Management of Allergic Conjunctivitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lisa Prokopich ◽  
Michael Lee-Poyb ◽  
Harold Kimc
Keyword(s):  
Daily Living ◽  
Allergic Conjunctivitis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Patient Presentation ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Ocular allergies affect a large and increasing number of people in North America. Canada’s statistics are likely to mirror those of the U.S., where up to 40% of the population is affected by ocular allergies. The symptoms and signs of ocular allergies can greatly affect productivity and have a dramatic effect on overall quality of life (QoL). Over the years, many effective treatments have been developed for the management of ocular allergies. For allergic conjunctivitis, topical ophthalmic agents include antihistamines, mast-cell stabilizers, dual-activity agents, steroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and other immune-modulating drugs. Oral antihistamines are commonly chosen by patients for all forms of allergy, including allergic conjunctivitis. This review provides a summary of the forms of ocular allergy, with a particular focus on the symptoms and signs, diagnosis, current treatment options, and impact on QoL. More importantly, through multidisciplinary collaboration, a simplified treatment algorithm is proposed for Canadian clinical practice. This algorithm provides practitioners the best possible management strategies based on an individual patient presentation, thereby maximizing treatment efficacy and minimizing the effects on tasks of daily living and QoL.

scholarly journals “A Major Quality of Life Issue”: A Survey-Based Analysis of the Experiences of Adults With Laryngotracheal Stenosis with Mucus and Cough

2021 ◽  
pp. 000348942110506
Author(s):  
Gemma M. Clunie ◽  
Catherine Anderson ◽  
Matthew Savage ◽  
Catherine Hughes ◽  
Justin W. G. Roe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Laryngotracheal Stenosis

Objectives: To investigate how the symptoms of mucus and cough impact adults living with laryngotracheal stenosis, and to use this information to guide future research and treatment plans. Methods: A survey was developed with the support of patient advisors and distributed to people suffering with laryngotracheal stenosis. The survey comprised 15 closed and open questions relating to mucus and cough and included the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ). Descriptive statistics, X2 and thematic analyses were completed. Results: In total, 641 participants completed the survey, with 83.62% (n = 536) reporting problems with mucus; 79% having daily issues of varying severity that led to difficulties with cough (46.18%) and breathing (20.90%). Mucus affected voice and swallowing to a lesser degree. Respondents described a range of triggers; they identified smoky air as the worst environmental trigger. Strategies to manage mucus varied widely with drinking water (72.26%), increasing liquid intake in general (49.35%) and avoiding or reducing dairy (45.32%) the most common approaches to control symptoms. The LCQ showed a median total score of 14 (interquartile range 11-17) indicative of cough negatively affecting quality of life. Thematic analysis of free text responses identified 4 key themes—the Mucus Cycle, Social impact, Psychological impact, and Physical impact. Conclusion: This study shows the relevance of research focusing on mucus and cough and its negative impact on quality of life, among adults with laryngotracheal stenosis. It demonstrates the inconsistent advice and management strategies provided by clinicians for this issue. Further research is required to identify clearer treatment options and pathways.

scholarly journals Patient adherence and factors influencing quality of life in the case of osteoarthritic patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
Edina Pallagi ◽  
Helga Fekete ◽  
Róbert Fekete ◽  
Ildikó Csóka
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Patient Centeredness ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Influencing

Introduction: 135 million humans are affected by osteoarthritis worldwide, which is going to be doubled by 2020. Current treatment options are limited and complex, requiring the active participation of the patients in order to reach the optimal therapeutic outcome. To date, there is no study available measuring the adherence and quality of life of Hungarian arthritic patients. Aims: Evaluation of risk factors affecting quality of life and adherence in the case of Hungarian patients, in order to identify the potential intervention points. Methods: Hospitalized patients’ final reports were analyzed retrospectively (gender, age, BMI, therapy, co-morbidities). Results: 400 cases were evaluated (females 69%) with an average age of 72 years. 80% of the patients had abnormal BMI. Non-pharmacological treatments ensured the longest asymptomatic period, medication histories showed polypharmacy. Co-morbidities were observed in almost every case. Conclusion: Patient centeredness is necessary, based on multidisciplinary healthcare team to support the expected quality of life.  

scholarly journals Ozone as one of the factors affecting the safety of water supply

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 00003
Author(s):  
Józef Natonek
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Treatment Processes

Ozone, due to its strong oxidizing properties, is often used in high efficiency water treatment processes. It is not only used for water disinfection, but also for carboxylic acid, a product of its reaction, which highly contributes towards increasing biodegradability of organic substances in water, thus leading to higher quality of drinking water. This paper presents results of using mobile ozone devices as a way of local microorganisms elimination and sediments removal from WSS.

scholarly journals Comment to the Article by O.A. Kaplunov et al. “Hypotrophic Clavicle Pseudoarthrosis Treatment: A Case Report”

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
Igor G. Belenkiy
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Plate Osteosynthesis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Osteosynthesis Plate ◽  
Fixation Stability ◽  
Clavicle Fractures ◽  
Mechanical Factors ◽  
The Right

In the comment on the article Treatment of Hypotrophic Nonunion of the Clavicle: A Clinical Case, the reasons for the failure of primary and refixation of the clavicle closed fracture are analyzed in detail. A 70-year-old patient got a fracture of the middle third of the left clavicle diaphysis as a result of a fall. He underwent four surgical treatment options: plate osteosynthesis; plate osteosynthesis + bone autoplasty; plate osteosynthesis + vascularized fibular flap reconstruction; external osteosynthesis. A month after the fourth attempt of surgical treatment, fusion, improvement of the function of the right upper limb and the quality of life of the patient were achieved. Technological inaccuracy, namely, the lack of the fragments fixation stability due to the incorrectly chosen length of the plate, as well as an incomplete assessment of the anamnesis and the identified cognitive behavioral features of the patient, are considered as possible reasons for the treatment failure. The author of the comment highlights modern approaches to the treatment of clavicle fractures, and also briefly dwells on the theory of fracture fixation in general. He pays special attention to biological and mechanical factors affecting fractures healing. The author considers the compliance with the basic principles of osteosynthesis to be the main factor in achieving good results in fracture treatment.

scholarly journals Interest in Providing Multiple Sclerosis Care and Subspecializing in Multiple Sclerosis Among Neurology Residents

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Halpern ◽  
Stephanie Teixeira-Poit ◽  
Heather L. Kane ◽  
A. Corey Frost ◽  
Michael Keating ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Residency Programs ◽  
Residents Attitudes ◽  
Positive Factor

Background: Although detailed knowledge regarding treatment options for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is largely limited to neurologists, shortages in the neurologist workforce, including MS subspecialists, are predicted. Thus, MS patients may have difficulties in gaining access to appropriate care. No systematic evaluation has yet been performed of the number of neurology residents planning to pursue MS subspecialization. This study identifies factors affecting interest in providing MS patient care or MS subspecialization among current neurology residents. Methods: We randomly selected half of all Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education–certified neurology residency programs in the continental United States to receive the neurology resident survey. Completed surveys were received from 218 residents. Results: Residents were significantly more likely to have increased interest in MS care when they participated in MS research, were interested in teaching, and indicated that the “ability to improve patient outcomes and quality of life” was a positive factor influencing their desire to provide MS patient care. Residents who were interested in providing MS care, interested in teaching, and indicated that “research opportunities” was a positive factor for providing MS patient care were significantly more likely to express interest in MS subspecialization. Conclusions: Increasing opportunities to interact with MS patients, learn about MS care, and participate in MS research may increase interest in MS care and subspecialization among neurology residents. Opportunities to educate residents regarding MS patient care may affect residents’ attitudes.

Surgery for Lung Cancer and the Consequences for the Swallow

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Pippa Hales ◽  
Corinne Mossey-Gaston
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Vocal Cord Palsy ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Physiological Reserve ◽  
Palliative Phase ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Swallow Function

Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers across Northern America and Europe. Treatment options offered are dependent on the type of cancer, the location of the tumor, the staging, and the overall health of the person. When surgery for lung cancer is offered, difficulty swallowing is a potential complication that can have several influencing factors. Surgical interaction with the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) can lead to unilateral vocal cord palsy, altering swallow function and safety. Understanding whether the RLN has been preserved, damaged, or sacrificed is integral to understanding the effect on the swallow and the subsequent treatment options available. There is also the risk of post-surgical reduction of physiological reserve, which can reduce the strength and function of the swallow in addition to any surgery specific complications. As lung cancer has a limited prognosis, the clinician must also factor in the palliative phase, as this can further increase the burden of an already compromised swallow. By understanding the surgery and the implications this may have for the swallow, there is the potential to reduce the impact of post-surgical complications and so improve quality of life (QOL) for people with lung cancer.

Raynaud’s phenomenon and digital ischaemia - pharmacologic approach and alternative treatment options

VASA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Linnemann ◽  
Matthias Erbe
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Skin Ulcers ◽  
Digital Ischaemia

Abstract. The primary goal of therapy is to reduce the frequency and intensity of Raynaud’s attacks and to minimize the related morbidity rather than to cure the underlying condition. Treatment strategies depend on whether Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is primary or secondary. All patients should be instructed about general measures to maintain body warmth and to avoid triggers of RP attacks. Pharmacologic intervention can be useful for patients with severe and frequent RP episodes that impair the patient’s quality of life. Calcium channel blockers are currently the most prescribed and studied medications for this purpose. There has been limited evidence for the efficacy of alpha-1-adrenergic receptor antagonists, angiotensin receptor blockers, topical nitrates or fluoxetine to treat RP. The intravenously administered prostacyclin analogue iloprost can reduce the frequency and severity of RP attacks and is considered a second-line therapy in patients with markedly impaired quality of life, critical digital ischaemia and skin ulcers who are at risk for substantial tissue loss and amputation. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil) can also improve RP symptoms and ulcer healing whereas endothelin-1 receptor antagonists (e.g., bosentan) are mainly considered treatment options in secondary prevention for patients with digital skin ulcers related to systemic sclerosis. However, their use in clinical practice has been limited by their high cost. Antiplatelet therapy with low-dose aspirin is recommended for all patients who suffer from secondary RP due to ischaemia caused by structural vessel damage. Anticoagulant therapy can be considered during the acute phase of digital ischaemia in patients with suspected vascular occlusive disease attributed to the occurrence of new thromboses. In patients with critical digital ischaemia, consideration should be given to hospitalisation, optimisation of medical treatment in accordance with the underlying disease and evaluation for a secondary, possibly reversible process that is causing or aggravating the clinical symptoms.

DECOLOURIZATION AND COD REMOVAL OF WASEWATER FROM ETHANOL PRODUCTION PROCESS FROM MOLASSES BY COAGULANTION USING INORGANIC ALUM

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Trung Duc Le
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Treatment Step ◽  
Main Material

The industrial production of ethanol by fermentation using molasses as main material that generates large quantity of wastewater. This wastewater contains high levels of colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD), that may causes serious environmental pollution. Most available treatment processes in Vietnam rely on biological methods, which often fail to treat waste water up to discharge standard. As always, it was reported that quality of treated wastewater could not meet Vietnameses discharge standard. So, it is necessary to improve the treatment efficiency of whole technological process and therefore, supplemental physico-chemical treatment step before biodegradation stage should be the appropriate choice. This study was carried out to assess the effect of coagulation process on decolourization and COD removal in molasses-based ethanol production wastewater using inorganic coaglutant under laboratory conditions. The experimental results showed that the reductions of COD and colour with the utilization of Al2(SO4)3 at pH 9.5 were 83% and 70%, respectively. Mixture FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 at pH 8.5 reduced 82% of colour and 70% of COD. With the addition of Polyacrylamide (PAM), the reduction efficiencies of colour, COD and turbidity by FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 were 87%, 73.1% and 94.1% correspondingly. It was indicated that PAM significantly reduced the turbidity of wastewater, however it virtually did not increase the efficiencies of colour and COD reduction. Furthermore, the coagulation processes using PAM usually produces a mount of sludge which is hard to be deposited.

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