scholarly journals Preparation of granular activated carbons from composite of powder activated carbon and modified β-zeolite and application to heavy metals removal

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1591-1601
Author(s):  
S. M. R. Seyedein Ghannad ◽  
M. N. Lotfollahi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Β Zeolite ◽  
Powder Activated Carbon

Abstract Heavy metals are continuously contaminating the surface and subsurface water. The adsorption process is an attractive alternative for removing the heavy metals because of its low cost, simple operation, high efficiency, and flexible design. In this study, influences of β-zeolite and Cu-modified β-zeolite on preparation of granular activated carbons (GACs) from a composite of powder activated carbon (PAC), methylcellulose as organic binder, bentonite as inorganic binder, and water were investigated. A number of granular samples were prepared by controlling the weight percentage of binder materials, PAC and zeolites as a reinforcing adsorbent. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction techniques were employed to characterize zeolite, modified zeolite and produced GAC. The produced GACs were used as the adsorbent for removal of Zn+2, Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions. The results indicated that the adsorption of metals ions depended on the pH (5.5) and contact time (30 min). Maximum adsorption of 97.6% for Pb2+, 95.9% for Cd2+ and 91.1% for Zn+2 occurred with a new kind of GAC made of Cu-modified β-zeolite. The Zn+2, Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions sorption kinetics data were well described by a pseudo-second order model for all sorbents. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to analyze the experimental equilibrium data.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewater using Nanoparticles from Agro Wastes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lekan Taofeek Popoola ◽  
Alhaji Shehu Grema
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Heavy Metals Removal ◽  
Adsorption Mechanisms ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Metals Removal

Effluents from essential industries have been characterized with heavy metals which are non-biodegradable in nature and also detrimental to health when accumulated in body tissues over long exposure. Adsorption was proved as the best efficient process amongst others to remove these heavy metals from industrial wastewater due to its excellent features. Activated carbons from nanoparticles of agricultural wastes such as pods, shells, husks, peels, shafts and many prepared via calcination process at high temperature can be used as active adsorbent for the industrial wastewater treatment involving heavy metals removal. This chapter discusses heavy metals in industrial wastewater effluents and potential agro wastes from which nanoparticles of activated carbon for industrial wastewater purification could be generated. The transformation of agro wastes nanoparticles into activated carbons via calcination and their applications for heavy metals removal from industrial wastewater via adsorption were examined. Various characterization techniques to study the effects of calcination on structural, morphological and textural properties of activated carbon prepared from agro waste nanoparticles were also discussed. Various isotherm, kinetics, mechanistic and thermodynamics models to investigate the adsorptive nature of the process were presented. Error functions and algorithms for both the linear and non-linear isotherm models regression to affirm their fitness for prediction were presented. Lastly, proposed adsorption mechanisms of heavy metals removal from industrial wastewater using activated carbons from nanoparticles of agro wastes were presented.

scholarly journals Activated Carbons from Miscanthus Straw for Cleaning Water Bodies in Kazakhstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
K.E. Abit ◽  
L. Carlsen ◽  
A.A. Nurzhanova ◽  
M.K. Nauryzbaev
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Specific Pore Volume ◽  
Active Coal

Pollution of water bodies by heavy metals is an acute problem in Kazakhstan. Hence, search for and implementation of sustainable environmental technologies for water purification is of high priority. Activated carbon appears as an appropriate material as reflected in a number of previous studies. Due to a growing interest in low-cost active coals from renewable, rapidly recovering raw materials, especially for the purification of drinking water and wastewater, special attention has been in recent years been paid to the preparation activated carbons from some types of agricultural by-products. Along these lines a technology for producing new carbon-containing sorbents, i.e., activated carbon from Miscanthus straw (Мiscanthus × giganteus) is reported. The method of preparation, type of reactor, experimental conditions and the influence of the selected initial material on the properties of the resulting activated carbons are discussed. The activation of the primarily carbonized material in super-heated steam creates an activated coal material with a specific surface area of 541.9 m2/g and a specific pore volume of 0.232 cm3/g. The possible application for purification of water bodies from selected heavy metals was studied by estimation of the sorption capacity of the generated active coal material towards selected metal ions. The adsorption capacity for copper, zinc and lead ions is 90, 100, 500 mg/L, which allows to consider obtained by this method AC as an attractive alternative to traditional coal sorbents.

Effect of Fractal Dimension of Powder Activated Carbon on SO2 Adsorption

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2169-2172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Li ◽  
Jian Ming Xue ◽  
Yue Yang Xu ◽  
Hong Liang Wang ◽  
Chun Yuan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Powder Activated Carbon

Five kinds of powder activatedcarbons were studied to investigate the removal of SO2 from flue gasin a fixed bed reactor. The fractal dimension of activated carbon was determined by N2 adsorption isothermat 77Kand SO2 adsorptioncapacity was correlated with thefractal dimension. The results show thatthe activated carbons prepared from different precursors by differentactivation methods have different fractal dimension. Big differences in SO2 adsorption capacity are found between fivekinds of activated carbons. SO2 adsorption capacity increases with the fractaldimension increasing. The results indicate that the fractal dimension could be used as a indicator of SO2removal capacity on powder activated carbon.

Incidence of the Presence of Lead on the Elimination of Humic Substances

2016 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 645-649
Author(s):  
Saâdia Guergazi ◽  
Mohamed Mahdi Missaoui
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Powder ◽  
Powder Activated Carbon ◽  
Agitation Time

The main objective of our work is to test the performance of powder activated carbon (PAC) and granular activated carbon (GAC) in the retention of humic substances in the presence of lead. The adsorption tests conducted in synthetic solutions of distilled water. The results showed that, the removal efficiency of humic substances varies with the agitation time was obtained maximum efficiency after 180 minutes for PAC and 300 for the GAC. However, on granular activated carbon (GAC) recorded an improvement in the removal of humic substances in the order of 1.60%. The reaction rate is the same for the activated carbon powder (PAC). By against, for the GAC the removal rate of humic substances in the presence of lead is slower. A comparison between our results with the absorption of humic substances without the presence of lead showed that the elimination of humic substances (10 mg/l) in the presence of lead (5mg/l) on powder activated carbon (1 g/L) is disturbed. The removal efficiencies decrease with the increase on the pH of medium in an interval ranging from 2 to 12.The variation of the mass of lead has recorded an inhibiting role in the adsorption of humic substances for both activated carbons.

Scavenging of Nickel(II) from Aqueous Wastes by Adsorption with Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)

2014 ◽  
Vol 612 ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
Supriya Gawhane
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Precious Metal ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Langmuir And Freundlich Models

Due to explosive growth of industrial and agricultural activities, there is rise in pollutants in water including heavy metals and toxic elements. In light of increasing pollution load of environment it is imperative to address this problem by different approaches and means.Of the numerous unit processes, evaluated to control pollution, to a degree, adsorption by GAC is one of the best available broad spectrum technologies. Scavenging of a precious metal such as Nickel, present in aqueous systems can be carried out with or without use of carrier such as 8-hydroxyquinoline (Oxine) and its derivatives on various grades of as received activated carbons. The carrier improves uptake of metal ions by GAC. The adsorption process agrees with the Langmuir and Freundlich models and also obeys pseudo-second order kinetics.

scholarly journals Non-linear Regression Analysis for the Adsorption Kinetics and Equilibrium Isotherm of Phenacetin onto Activated Carbons

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Sadeu Ngakou ◽  
Gabche Solomon Anagho ◽  
Horace Manga Ngomo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Linear Isotherm ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Best Fit

Activated carbon obtained from ayous sawdust, Cucurbitaceae (egussi) peelings and the mixture of the two were studied for the adsorption of phenacetin. Characterisation of activated carbon by SEM and XRD analysis shows that the mixture of precursors combine the properties of activated carbon obtained separately. The well-knownbatch sorption models– Langmuir (one and two sites), Freudlich, Tempkin, Elovich, Langmuir-Freudlich, Redlich Peterson, Radke-Prausnitz, Fritz Shlunder)—were tested with experimental data for the adsorption of phenacetin to estimate adsorption equilibrium parameters—rate constantsand adsorption capacities. The model with the best fit was identified from extensive statistical analysis of the results of nonlinear regression of the experimental data. Comparison of the statistical errors in parameter estimation between linear and non-linear isotherm models shows that transformation of non-linear isotherm equations to linear forms implicitly alter their error structure. The much smaller size of the various error indicators —Determination Coefficient, R2; Sum of Square Errors, SSE; Chi Test, χ2; Average Relative Errors, ARE—, calculated for the case of non linearization when compared to linearization, indicate the greater accuracy in the application of non linearization. The Langmuir model (one site) gave the best fit and thus the values of adsorption capacity for each activated carbon were calculated from it. Kinetic models show that weak and strong interactions are involved in the adsorption process and that the controlling mechanism may not be limited to intra particle diffusion. The lower value of the boundary layer thickness in the case of activated carbon obtained from the mixture, justified the higher adsorbed quantity of this activated carbon compared to those of activated carbon from each precursor.

scholarly journals Investigation of Adsorbent Characteristics of Carbonized Low-Density Woods in the Treatment of Textile Effluent

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor O. Fatokun ◽  
Femi K. Owofadeju ◽  
Oluseyi E. Ewemoje ◽  
Temitayo A. Ewemoje
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Cadmium Zinc

Textile industries wastewater contains pollutants which vary greatly and depend on the chemicals and treatment processes used. Toxic heavy metals in wastewater are discharged into the environment, which adversely affect human, aquatic life, and natural water bodies. This study was therefore designed to investigate adsorption of heavy metal ions (Cadmium, Zinc, Manganese, Chromium and iron) in raw textile wastewater using activated carbon from Cordia millenii and Gmelina arborea wood species. Carbon structural pattern was examined using SEM equipment. Batch sorption tests were conducted in wastewater treatment by varying absorbent contact time with the sorbate from 30 to 120minutes (at 30minutes intervals) to facilitate attainment of equilibrium condition. The pore space diameter mean values were 9.28±1.22 and 4.45±1.57µm for Cordia millenii Carbon (CMC) and Gmelina arborea Carbon (GAC) respectively. It was observed that over 80% Manganese removal was achieved at 120minutes contact time for both carbon studied. Highest removal efficiencies was observed at all contact times in GAC for iron while in CMC for Chromium, Cadmium, Zinc and Manganese between 30-90minutes contact time. After 120 minutes contact time, there was insignificant difference in removal efficiency for Chromium and Manganese. However, at 30minutes contact time, percentage removal of over 60% was obtained for Manganese, implying that Manganese has high mobility towards the adsorbents surface. The activated carbons obtained from these two wood species are therefore viable options for heavy metal removal from textile effluents. Keywords— Adsorption, activated carbon, Cordia millenii carbon, Gmelina arborea carbon, heavy metals.

Investigation of Zn2+ heavy metal handling ability by macadamite activated by H3PO4

2019 ◽  
pp. 125-132
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Carbon Material ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
High Adsorption ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Activating Agent ◽  
High Adsorption Capacity

Investigate the possibility of treating wastewater containing heavy metals Zn2+ with activated carbon material prepared from macadamia shell with chemical activating agent H3PO4, showing high efficiency of adsorption of Zn2+. The results of the study showed that activated carbon with H3PO4 activating agent has high adsorption capacity, capable of handling Zn2+ best at pH = 4.5, dosage 1.8 g/L and time is 120 minutes. . The results show similarities with other research results and are capable of treating wastewater containing heavy metals Zn2+.

scholarly journals Reuse of Waste Materials as Precursors of Activated Carbon Synthesis for the Abatement of Antibiotic Cefpodoxime Proxetil from Industrial Effluents.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryyia Manzoor ◽  
Naseem Abbas ◽  
Javier Fernandez ◽  
Amir Mirza ◽  
Ghazala Yasmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Maximum Removal

Abstract The release of antibiotics to aquatic environment creates aquatic ecotoxicity and their bioaccumulation results in antibiotic resistance. Hence to lessen the risk of ecotoxicity and depletion of natural resources, it is imperative to disclose alternate precursor raw materials that can be successfully employed for the synthesis of new sorbents capable to remove antibiotics from the environment. This research reports the synthesis of activated carbon based sorbents derived from waste biomaterials like coconut shell (CNAC), walnut shell & peach stone (WNAC) and Bombax ceiba fruit capsule (BCAC) and their ability to remove antibiotic Cefpodoxime from the industrial effluents. Activation of carbon was done by HNO3 and H3PO4. FTIR, BET and SEM techniques were used for characterization of sorbents. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to study the adsorption behavior. Moreover, the experimental adsorption capacity (qe) of the three activated carbons was found to be 32 mg/g for CNAC, 40 mg/g for WNAC and 10 mg/g for BCAC. The maximum removal efficiency of the drug was found to be 96% using the WNAC. HPLC analysis was performed to confirm the removal of Cefpodoxime from industrial effluent.

scholarly journals Surface Area and Porosity Development on Granular Activated Carbon by Zirconium: Adsorption Isotherm Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sivanandan Achari ◽  
A. S. Rajalakshmi ◽  
S. Jayasree ◽  
Raichel Mary Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
Solid Liquid

In this study, a new series of coconut shell based granular activated carbons (GAC) are prepared by impregnating with zirconium ions as zirconyl chloride and activated under superheated steam. These carbons are designated with activation temperature/ conditions as GAC 383 (activated at 383K), GACO 383 (HNO3 oxidised), GACZR 1273 (ZrOCl2 activated at 1273K) and GACOZR 1273 (HNO3 oxidised, ZrOCl2 activated at 1273K). Surface characteristics of these carbons are evaluated using Boehm titration methods, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction techniques (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The pore volume and the respective specific surface area of each carbon are determined by BET, I plot, Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms using N2 adsorption data at 77K. Analysis shows that zirconium ion enhances the surface area and porosity of granular activated carbon. The adsorption characteristics of newly prepared GAC are tested by solid-liquid equilibria using phenol as adsorbate. Equilibrium phenol adsorption data fitted to standard isotherm models of Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) equations. Adsorption constants and parameters indicate that zirconium impregnated granular activated carbons are relatively more efficient for the removal of phenol than the native carbon used.

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