scholarly journals Activated Carbons from Miscanthus Straw for Cleaning Water Bodies in Kazakhstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
K.E. Abit ◽  
L. Carlsen ◽  
A.A. Nurzhanova ◽  
M.K. Nauryzbaev
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Specific Pore Volume ◽  
Active Coal

Pollution of water bodies by heavy metals is an acute problem in Kazakhstan. Hence, search for and implementation of sustainable environmental technologies for water purification is of high priority. Activated carbon appears as an appropriate material as reflected in a number of previous studies. Due to a growing interest in low-cost active coals from renewable, rapidly recovering raw materials, especially for the purification of drinking water and wastewater, special attention has been in recent years been paid to the preparation activated carbons from some types of agricultural by-products. Along these lines a technology for producing new carbon-containing sorbents, i.e., activated carbon from Miscanthus straw (Мiscanthus × giganteus) is reported. The method of preparation, type of reactor, experimental conditions and the influence of the selected initial material on the properties of the resulting activated carbons are discussed. The activation of the primarily carbonized material in super-heated steam creates an activated coal material with a specific surface area of 541.9 m2/g and a specific pore volume of 0.232 cm3/g. The possible application for purification of water bodies from selected heavy metals was studied by estimation of the sorption capacity of the generated active coal material towards selected metal ions. The adsorption capacity for copper, zinc and lead ions is 90, 100, 500 mg/L, which allows to consider obtained by this method AC as an attractive alternative to traditional coal sorbents.

scholarly journals Calculation of the main technological parameters of the apparatus for receiving raw materials used in the production of medical application sorbent

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Ilnar A. Valeev ◽  
◽  
Irina V. Zhukova ◽  
Azat A. Girfanutdinov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The Body ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Thermal Calculation ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Active Coal

Analysis of the consumption of activated carbon on the international market showed sufficient demand for this topic, both for medical and for most industries. Sorbents are a large class of drugs that are able to excrete a wide variety of toxic substances from the body. The activated carbon market in the Russian Federation was focused on the military-industrial complex, due to which the range of goods was very limited. Due to the current situation, activated carbons produced by our industry are universal and, therefore, ineffective for specific tasks. Based on this, the problem of inexpensive and effective sorbents is very relevant and the lack of active coal reaches several tens of thousands per year. This problem is being solved for the most part by importing the product. The urgency of the problem poses the task of quickly introducing this type of installation and effectively calculating its technical parameters for subsequent manufacturing. The task of the engineering method of calculation is the operational calculation of the given source data, the design parameters of the apparatus. The possibility of using waste wood processing enterprises has shown that the use of this type of raw material is justified and effective. Both in terms of cost, and in terms of beneficial use of tree illiquid. Technical innovations and proven solutions used in the experimental setup will significantly intensify the pyrolysis process while improving product quality and reducing its cost. An algorithm for calculating the main technical parameters of the camera. It includes several blocks responsible for each parameter. Calculation of geometric parameters allows you to develop an installation of strictly the required geometric size based on the necessary raw materials needs. Aerodynamic calculation takes into account the whole process of preparing raw materials and allows you to select the necessary attachments strictly according to the required parameters. Thermal calculation allows you to select the materials of the chamber from the required temperature range required for more efficient raw materials production with the optimal characteristics.

scholarly journals Preparation of granular activated carbons from composite of powder activated carbon and modified β-zeolite and application to heavy metals removal

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1591-1601
Author(s):  
S. M. R. Seyedein Ghannad ◽  
M. N. Lotfollahi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Β Zeolite ◽  
Powder Activated Carbon

Abstract Heavy metals are continuously contaminating the surface and subsurface water. The adsorption process is an attractive alternative for removing the heavy metals because of its low cost, simple operation, high efficiency, and flexible design. In this study, influences of β-zeolite and Cu-modified β-zeolite on preparation of granular activated carbons (GACs) from a composite of powder activated carbon (PAC), methylcellulose as organic binder, bentonite as inorganic binder, and water were investigated. A number of granular samples were prepared by controlling the weight percentage of binder materials, PAC and zeolites as a reinforcing adsorbent. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction techniques were employed to characterize zeolite, modified zeolite and produced GAC. The produced GACs were used as the adsorbent for removal of Zn+2, Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions. The results indicated that the adsorption of metals ions depended on the pH (5.5) and contact time (30 min). Maximum adsorption of 97.6% for Pb2+, 95.9% for Cd2+ and 91.1% for Zn+2 occurred with a new kind of GAC made of Cu-modified β-zeolite. The Zn+2, Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions sorption kinetics data were well described by a pseudo-second order model for all sorbents. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to analyze the experimental equilibrium data.

scholarly journals ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТЕЙ СОРБЦИИ НЕКОТОРЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ ГЛАУКОНИТОМ

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
M.A. Sirakanyan ◽  
S.Yu. Kotikyan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Kinetic Dependence ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Static Conditions

The imperfection of industrial wastewater treatment technologies has led to the fact that a huge amount of inorganic ecotoxicants of various salts of heavy metals gets into water bodies. The extraction of a valuable component from industrial solutions seems to be economically and environmentally justified for enterprises in Republic of Armenia. Therefore, one of the directions of greening the industrial technologies is the use of local wastewater treatment plants to remove the heavy metal ions when discharging wastewater into water bodies. Most often, for these purposes, the sorption method of purification is used using various sorbents based on a wide variety of mineral raw materials. The search for ion exchangers of high capacity, selectivity, and low cost is of great importance, since ion exchange has taken an important place among the main methods of wastewater treatment. It is known from literature that the natural mineral glauconite, due to its structure and physicochemical properties, has the ability to extract heavy metals from water bodies. The presence of glauconite from the Garni deposit of RA predetermines its use, and the surface modification makes it possible to use it in water treatment. The results of kinetic studies of sorption of nickel and zinc ions under static conditions on a composite glauconite sorbent by constructing concentration isotherms are presented. The static capacities on the sorbent for zinc and nickel cations are determined. The kinetic dependence of the adsorption of zinc and nickel cations on the studied sorbent is investigated to determine the time of arrival of the equilibrium state. The limiting stage of the sorption process is determined by establishing the mechanism of interaction of the metal cation with the active center of the adsorbent. From the data obtained, it is found that the linear dependence of At/Amax indicates that the adsorption process at this stage is limited by gel external mass transfer, and the subsequent deviation - by the enhancement of the effect of external diffusion on the adsoption rate.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Bagasse and Jute Fibre for Heavy Metal Adsorption

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Md. Shazzad Hossain ◽  
Farzana Khan Rony ◽  
Sazia Sultana ◽  
Md.Humayun Kabir ◽  
Sumaya F. Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Jute Fibre ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy

Over the past few years, activated carbon (AC) has attained significant attention as an efficient adsorbent for heavy metal (lead, cadmium, chromium etc.) removal. In Bangladesh, bagasse and jute fibre are the two most potential raw materials for producing activated carbon due to their high availability and low cost. The activated carbon was produced by thermal treatment method. The produced AC were characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM etc. Batch experiments under agitation was also carried out for adsorption of heavy metals and then characterized using AAS (Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy). Adsorption with commercially available activated carbon was also done to use as standard. Among all ACs produced in this study, the highest percentage removal of heavy metals which were Cr3+ and Cd2+ was at 57.06% and 43.01% respectively for J-400 ( AC produced from jute fibre at 4000C). This obtained value was 16.6% and 12.9% higher in comparison to Commercially available Activated carbon for Cr3+ and Cd2+ respectively.

scholarly journals Removal of Ni (II) from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Prepared from Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris) Seed Stone

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeshwar M. Shrestha ◽  
Margit Varga ◽  
Imre Varga ◽  
Amar P. Yadav ◽  
Bhadra P. Pokharel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Nickel Adsorption

Activated carbons were prepared from Lapsi seed stone by the treatment with H2SO4 and HNO3 for the removal of Ni (II) ions from aqueous solution. Two activated carbon have been prepared from Lapsi seed stones by treating with conc.H2SO4 and a mixture of H2SO4 and HNO3 in the ratio of 1:1 by weight for removal of Ni(II) ions. Chemical characterization of the resultant activated carbons was studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Boehm titration which revealed the presence of oxygen containing surface functional groups like carboxyl, lactones and phenols in the carbons. The optimum pH for nickel adsorption is found to be 5. The adsorption data were better fitted with the Langmuir equations than Freundlich adsorption equation to describe the equilibrium isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity of Ni (II) on the resultant activated carbons was 28.25.8 mg g-1 with H2SO4 and 69.49 mg g-1 with a mixture of H2SO4 and HNO3. The waste material used in the preparation of the activated carbons is inexpensive and readily available. Hence the carbons prepared from Lapsi seed stones can act as potential low cost adsorbents for the removal of Ni (II) from water. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v9i1.10680Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 166–174

scholarly journals Removal of Orange G Dye from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption: A Short Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 318-327
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Wastewater Remediation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Orange G

Adsorption is a widely used technique for wastewater remediation. The process is effective and economical for the removal of various pollutants from wastewater, including dyes. Moreover, Besides commercial activated carbon, different low-cost materials such as agricultural and industrial wastes are now used as adsorbents. The present review focused on the removal of a teratogenic and carcinogenic dye, orange G (OG) via adsorption using several adsorbents, together with the experimental conditions and their adsorption capacities. Based on the information compiled, various adsorbents have shown promising potential for OG removal.

scholarly journals Optimisation of durian peel based activated carbon preparation conditions for dye removal

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Phung Thi Kim Le ◽  
Kien Anh Le
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Carbon Production ◽  
Removal Capacity

Agricultural wastes are considered to be a very important feedstock for activated carbon production as they are renewable sources and low cost materials. This study present the optimize conditions for preparation of durian peel activated carbon (DPAC) for removal of methylene blue (MB) from synthetic effluents. The effects of carbonization temperature (from 673K to 923K) and impregnation ratio (from 0.2 to 1.0) with potassium hydroxide KOH on the yield, surface area and the dye adsorbed capacity of the activated carbons were investigated. The dye removal capacity was evaluated with methylene blue. In comparison with the commercial grade carbons, the activated carbons from durian peel showed considerably higher surface area especially in the suitable temperate and impregnation ratio of activated carbon production. Methylene blue removal capacity appeared to be comparable to commercial products; it shows the potential of durian peel as a biomass source to produce adsorbents for waste water treatment and other application. Optimize condition for preparation of DPAC determined by using response surface methodology was at temperature 760 K and IR 1.0 which resulted the yield (51%), surface area (786 m2/g), and MB removal (172 mg/g).

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF THE SORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF ACTIVATED CARBONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (446) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
A.E. Ilyassov ◽  
A.О. Baikonurova ◽  
B.N. Surimbayev
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Heap Leaching ◽  
Gold Content ◽  
Coking Coal ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Coconut Shells ◽  
Sorption Characteristics

The article presents the results of a comparison of the sorption characteristics for gold of crushed activated carbon of the foreign Haycarb brand, obtained from expensive raw materials - coconut shells, and crushed activated carbon of the domestic Shubarkol brand, obtained from relatively cheap raw materials - low-ash coking coal. The activated carbon Shubarkol crushed to a class of -3.6+1.0 mm, was produced in Kazakhstan from coking coal by Shubarkolkomir JSC. To test the crushed coal Shubarkol, industrial crushed coal Haycarb, made from coconut shells, was used as a reference sample. This coal is widely used in gold mining enterprises for the sorption of dissolved gold from cyanide solutions and pulps. For research, a productive solution of the process of heap leaching of gold from oxidized ore of one of the deposits of Kazakhstan was used with the composition, mg/L: gold 0.82; silver 0.44; copper 8.34; pH 11.05. Determination of the sorption characteristics of coals was carried out by the method of saturation with gold when changing solutions. The results of changes in the gold content in the mother solution, its extraction and saturation of coals with precious metal after each sorption cycle from the productive heap leaching solution using crushed coals of the Shubarkol and Haycarb brands are presented. It follows from the obtained data that Shubarkol activated carbon has similar sorption characteristics compared to Haycarb activated carbon. The working capacity for gold of Shubarkol coal was 2.28 kg/ton of sorbent, and of Haycarb coal - 2.57 kg/ton. Thus, crushed coal Shubarkol, obtained from relatively cheap raw materials, can be successfully used at industrial facilities instead of foreign sorbent.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of COD Removal Efficacy from Pharmaceutical Wastewater by Areca Nut Husk Produced and Commercially Available Activated Carbons

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Sharmin Akter ◽  
Ferdousi Sultana ◽  
Md. Rakibul Kabir ◽  
Partha Pratim Brahma ◽  
Atkeeya Tasneem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Pharmaceutical industries in Bangladesh are considered as one major industrial as well as environmental pollution problems which discharge a significant amount of organic contaminants in the environment hence require advanced treatment technologies to decontaminate pharmaceutical wastewater. In the present investigation, areca nut husk treated activated carbon (ANHC) was used as an adsorbent to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) from pharmaceutical effluent as well as a comparative adsorption efficiency with commercial activated carbon (CAC) was performed.  The batch experiments were carried out in a laboratory scale. The materials also evaluated for different adsorbent dosages and contact times. The experiment revealed a removal percentage up to 70% for ANHC and 90% for CAC for 3g of adsorbents in 180 min. The adsorption processes were satisfactorily described by pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model which shows a better fitting with the maximum regression coefficient for both adsorbents. The results show that Langmuir model best described the experimental data with a highest correlation coefficient (R2=0.9856 for ANHC and 0.9993 for CAC) compared to Freundlich model and the experimental data showed asorption capacity of 36.549 and 64.935 mg/g for ANHC and CAC, correspondingly. According to the adsorption studies, the results revealed that COD adsorption process followed by the monolayer chemisorption mechanisms. The results revealed that ANHC adsorbent is potentially low cost and environmental friendly adsorbent for the removal of organic matter from pharmaceutical effluent.

scholarly journals An alternative low-cost adsorbent for gold recovery from cyanide-leached liquors: Adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Refiloe Tsolele ◽  
Fanyana Moses Mtunzi ◽  
Michael John Klink ◽  
Vusumzi Emmanuel Pakade
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Selective Adsorption ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Agitation Speed ◽  
Gold Recovery ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Modified Activated Carbons

Pristine Macadamia nutshell-based activated carbons were chemically oxidized with different concentrations of H3PO4 and HNO3 to increase their surface adsorption properties and further explore if they could be an attractive alternative low-cost adsorbent for gold recovery from cyanide-leached liquors. The modified activated carbons were labeled MACN20, MACN40 and MACN55 to signify the materials prepared from 20%, 40% and 55% (v/v) HNO3, respectively. Similar nomenclature was followed for H3PO4-modified activated carbons. Brunauer-Emmet-Teller, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy were used to characterize the prepared activated carbons. The physical properties were attained through determining attrition, ash content, volatile matter and moisture content of all the activated carbons. Various parameters that affect selective adsorption such as the effect of initial concentration, time, agitation speed, interfering species and the dose of the adsorbent were investigated. Optimal parameters for gold ion adsorption were as follows: solution pH, 10; contact time, 6 h; agitation speed, 150 r/min; sorbent amount, 4 g and initial concentration, 5.5 mg/L. The observed selectivity order was not the same for all the adsorbents, but the adsorption of gold was found to be mostly influenced in the presence of nickel and least influenced by copper. MACN55 was found to be the most efficient adsorbent with 74% of gold adsorption from a real-world sample and displayed a similar performance to coconut-based activated carbons.

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