Isolation and selection of growth medium for freshwater microalgae Asterarcys quadricellulare for maximum biomass production

Abstract The use of microalgae biomass as a suitable alternative feedstock for biofuel production has been promoted in the field of green biotechnology. In this present study, the microalgae were isolated from freshwater samples. The predominant strain was screened from the samples and grown in four different growth media, including modified Bold's Basal Medium (BBM), modified CFTRI medium, BG11 medium and CHU medium, to find the suitable growth medium to enrich biomass production. In total three microalgae colonies were identified based on their colony morphology microscopically by using a light microscope. The predominant strain was confirmed as Asterarcys quadricellulare using 18S rRNA sequencing. The growth of microalgae was investigated based on parameters like dry weight, pigment composition such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid and lipid content in the microalgae. Among the four different media, modified BBM medium showed maximum dry weight (1.44 ± 0.015 g/L), chlorophyll a (23.07 ± 0.049 mg/L), chlorophyll b (16.76 ± 0.010 mg/L), carotenoid (8.92 ± 0.031 mg/L) and lipid content (375 ± 0.020 mg/L) on the 25th day of culture. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis showed the presence of major fatty acids stearic acid, palmitic acid and oleyl alcohol in the microalgae. Therefore the high lipid content and fatty acid profiles of Asterarcys quadricellulare are becoming a promising suitable strain for biofuel production with modified BBM medium.

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Penapisan Mikroalga Penghasil Karotenoid serta Studi Pengaruh Stres Nitrogen dan Fosfor terhadap Produksi B-Karoten pada Mikroalga Oocystis sp.

Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan ◽

10.15578/jpbkp.v14i1.598 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Wahida Nia Elfiza ◽

Abdi Dharma ◽

Nasril Nasir

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll A ◽

Growth Medium ◽

Biomass Productivity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Chlorophyll B ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Total Carotenoids ◽

Screening Process ◽

Phosphorus Stress ◽

West Sumatra

Abstrakb-karoten merupakan karotenoid yang bermanfaat sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menapis mikroalga yang berpotensi mengandung karotenoid tinggi dan mempelajari pengaruh nitrogen dan fosfor terhadap produktivitas biomassa, kandungan pigmen fotosintesis dan b-karoten, pada mikroalga yang diisolasi dari perairan Danau Atas, Sumatra Barat. Penapisan mikroalga penghasil karotenoid dilakukan dengan memberikan paparan UV-A 326 nm terhadap kultur campuran mikroalga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 5 dari 18 spesies mampu bertahan pada proses penapisan. Pengaruh 9 jenis medium pertumbuhan dengan kriteria: tanpa NaNO3, 3x NaNO3, 5x NaNO3, 10x NaNO3, Bold Basalt Medium (BBM) normal (kontrol), tanpa KH2PO4, 3x KH2PO4, 5x KH2PO4,dan10x KH2PO4 terhadap mikroalga terpilih (Oocystis sp.) diamati. Hasil menunjukkan kandungan b-karoten tertinggi ditemukan pada perlakuan 5x KH2PO4 yaitu sebesar 0,22 % dari berat kering mikroalga, dengan produktivitas biomassa 0,0015 g/mL/hari, serta kandungan klorofil a, klorofil b dan karotenoid total yaitu 7,15 µg/mL, 0,81 µg/mL dan 6,67 µg/mL. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan medium pertumbuhan dengan kandungan 5x KH2PO4 merupakan medium yang cocok bagi pertumbuhan Oocystis sp. untuk mendapatkan biomassa dengan kandungan b-karoten dan karotenoid tinggi tanpa harus menurunkan produktivitas biomassanya. Screening of Carotenoid Producing Microalgae and Study of the Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Stress on the Production of b-Carotene in Microalgae Oocystis sp.Abstractb-carotene is a carotenoid that is useful as an antioxidant. Present study aims to screening high microalgae which contain carotenoids from water of Danau Atas lake (West Sumatra Province), and study the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus on biomass productivity, photosynthetic and b-carotene pigment content. Screening of carotenoid-producing microalgae was carried out by exposing UV-A 326 nm to mixed microalgae cultures. The results showed that 5 of the 18 species were able to survive in the screening process. The effect of growth medium, i.e. without NaNO3, 3x NaNO3, 5x NaNO3, 10x NaNO3, normal Bold Basalt Medium (BBM) (control), without KH2PO4, 3x KH2PO4, 5x KH2PO4, and 10x KH2PO4 on of selected microalgae (Oocystis sp.) was carried out. The result showed that the highest content of b-carotene of Oocystis sp. was obtained with 5x KH2PO4 which was 0.22% of the dry weight of biomass. Biomass productivity was 0.0015 g/mL/day and the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total carotenoids contents were 7.15 µg/mL, 0.81 µg/mL and 6.67 µg/mL, respectively. Based on this research, 5x KH2PO4 can be concluded as a suitable medium for Oocystis sp. to obtained high b -carotene and carotenoid of Oocystis sp. without reducing biomass productivity.

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Effects of the Light Irradiance on the Growth and Lipids Content of Amphidinium Carterae (Dinophyceae) for Biofuels Production

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1255335/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Armando Mendoza-Flores ◽

Clara Elizabeth Galindo-Sánchez ◽

M. del Pilar Sánchez-Saavedra

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Lipid Content ◽

General Trend ◽

Cell Concentration ◽

Dry Weight ◽

High Irradiance ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Amphidinium Carterae ◽

Irradiance Level ◽

Total Dry Weight

Abstract The irradiance level used to the microalgae cultures can modify the growth and proximate composition, however, this response is specie specific. The dinoflagellate group had the potential to be used as a source to biofuel production. In this study was evaluated the effect of five irradiance levels (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 µmol photon m-2 s-1) on the growth rate, proximal composition, pigment content, and photosynthesis of Amphidinium carterae. The highest cell concentration was for the cultures at 150 µmol photon m-2 s-1 (130 × 103 cells mL-1), and the lowest values for 50 µmol photon m-2 s-1 (49 × 103 cells mL-1). The cultures maintained under the low irradiance (50 µmol photon m-2 s-1) had the highest values of total dry weight (TDW) (13418 pg cell-1), organic dry weight (ODW) (3836 pg cell-1), and inorganic dry weight (IDW) (9582 pg cell-1). The protein content as the general trend increases significantly concerning the irradiance level, with the higher values (87.47 pg cell-1) at high irradiance (250 µmol photon m-2 s-1). Carbohydrate content was different by the effect of irradiance, with the higher values (32.85 pg cell-1) at the low irradiance used (50 µmol photon m-2 s-1). Lipid content was modified by the effect of irradiance, with the highest values (534.74 pg cell-1) at the low irradiance used (50 µmol photon m-2 s-1). As a general trend, the high irradiances increased the photosynthesis curves. These findings demonstrate that the strain of A. carterae used in this work can grow in high irradiances (100 to 250 µmol photon m-2 s-1) and increase significantly the lipid content on low irradiance used (50 µmol photon m-2 s-1).

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Responses of different okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) cultivars to water deficit conditions

Journal of Horticultural Sciences ◽

10.24154/jhs.2021.v16i01.006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 53-63

Author(s):

Q Ayub ◽

S M Khan ◽

I Hussain ◽

K Naveed ◽

S Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

Total Protein ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Chlorophyll B ◽

Total Chlorophyll ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Total Carotenoids ◽

Drought Conditions

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the adverse effects of drought on different okra cultivars and to identify the most suitable okra cultivar for growing in drought conditions. Five okra cultivars namely Pusa Green, Clemson, Sabz Pari, Pusa Swani and Mehak Pari were subjected to three drought levels i.e., control (100% Field capacity),50% and 25% Field Capacity (FC). Physiological parameters like fresh and dry weight of plant and plant height were recorded along with biochemical attributes such as chlorophyll content (a, b, total) carotenoids, total protein, proline content, and Membrane stability index (MSI%). Results showed that drought significantly reduced all the studied parameters and at maximum drought (25% FC) lowest values of fresh weight (12.42g), dry weight (1.22g), plant height (7.86cm), chlorophyll a (9.02mg/g FW), chlorophyll b (18.69mg/g FW), total chlorophyll (27.71mg/g FW), carotenoids (11.80mg/g FW), total protein (2.73mg/g FW),whereas maximum Proline (21.36μg/g FW), and MSI (72%) were observed under the same drought. The results concerning responses of okra cultivars under drought conditions showed that maximum. Fresh weight (15.25g) and Dry weight (2.74g) was observed in Pusa green while maximum Plant height (13.77cm), Chlorophyll a (14.38mg/g FW), Chlorophyll b (24.41mg/g FW), Total Chlorophyll (38.80mg/g FW), Carotenoids (18.57mg/g FW), Total Protein (5.44mg/g FW), Proline (27.78μg/g FW), and MSI (56.33%) were produced by Sabz Pari. Hence it can be concluded that drought causes significant variation on physical and biochemical attributes of okra whereas Sabz Pari showed resistance towards the applied stress and produced better results.

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EFFECT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS ON MASS PRODUCTION OF TRICHODERMA SPECIES

Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.33866/phytopathol.030.01.0447 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Muhammad U. Ghazanfar ◽

Mubashar Raza ◽

Waqas Raza

Keyword(s):

Growth Medium ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Mass Production ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Potassium Nitrate ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Growth Media ◽

Trichoderma Species

Mycophagous fungi show antagonistic potential against plant pathogenic fungi and suggested as a promising biocontrol agent that influences by nutritional and environmental parameters. The present research was conducted with the aim to determine optimal environmental and nutritional parameters range for biomass production of Trichoderma. The two species of Trichoderma isolated from rhizosphere of citrus, wheat and tomato of different localities of district Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan and later on effect of temperature, carbon, nitrogen and pH were investigated on three strain of T. harzianum HM, HK, HC and one strain of T. asperellum TH under in vitro conditions. All strains produced statistically sufficient mass production at all temperatures but 25 °C as well as 30 °C were found ideal for mass production of Trichoderma. A substantial difference in mass production of Trichoderma isolates was recorded at different pH levels includes 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0. The pH range from 5.0 to 7.0 found to be optimum for all species of Trichoderma. All fungal species of Tricoderma produced extensive mass production on growth media supplemented with carbon and nitrogen sources such as mannose, glactose, sucrose, lactose and sodium nitrite (NaNO3), potassium nitrate (KNO3), ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) as well as ammonium nitrite (NH4NO3) respectively. The optimal mass production was recorded on carbon supplemented growth medium as compared to nitrogen supplemented growth medium. Therefore, T. harzianum HK produced maximum biomass production on among all isolates of Trichoderma.

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The importance of fertility and physical characteristics of soil in early development of red alder seedlings grown under controlled environmental conditions

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x81-072 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 522-529

Author(s):

D. M. Elliott ◽

I. E. P. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Growth Medium ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Geographic Location ◽

Physical Nature ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Coarse Sand ◽

Growth Media ◽

Red Alder ◽

Shoot Dry Weight

Fertilized and unfertilized seedlings of red alder (Alnusrubra Bong.) were grown in pots containing coarse sand, loam, or loam and sand (1:1, w/w) and kept in a growth chamber. Height growth did not differ between provenances but, like dry weight accumulation, it increased with fertilization and was lower in sand than in loam and the mixture. The root/shoot dry weight ratio of fertilized seedlings was lower than that of unfertilized seedlings and was greater in sand than in the other media. Differences in dry weight and root/shoot dry weight ratio were observed between provenances, but these could not be related to differences in geographic location of the provenances examined.Nodulation was affected little by variations in the rooting environment. The physical nature of roots produced by seedlings varied with the type of growth medium and with fertilization. These differences, and other effects brought about by the type of growth medium and by fertilization, were associated mainly with differences in aeration and, in the absence of fertilization, with the nutrient status of the different growth media.

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Photoperiod Responses in Monoecious and DioeciousHydrilla verticillata

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500067412 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 551-557 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

David F. Spencer ◽

Lars W.J. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll A ◽

Regression Coefficient ◽

Hydrilla Verticillata ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Chlorophyll B ◽

Dioecious Plants ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Relative Growth Rates ◽

Shoot Tissue ◽

Total Dry Weight

Thirty-eight percent of monoecious hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata(L.f.) Royle # HYLLI] grown from tubers produced new tubers after 28 days exposure to a 10-h photoperiod. One hundred percent of the plants grown at a 10-h photoperiod produced tubers by 56 days while only thirty-eight percent of those grown at a 12-h photoperiod did so. Plants grown at 14- or 16-h photoperiods did not produce tubers. Tubers appeared to be produced at the expense of new root and shoot tissue. Dioecious hydrilla (female) grown under similar conditions did not produce tubers by 56 days at any photoperiod examined. Relative growth rates (total dry weight) for both types did not differ with photoperiod and ranged between 81 ± 63 and 284 ± 52 mg·g-1·wk-1(regression coefficient ± standard error; n = 30). In general, total chlorophyll (a+b) was greater for dioecious than for monoecious plants. The ratios of chlorophyll “a” to chlorophyll “b” and carotenoids to chlorophyll a changed with increasing photoperiod and plant age in a similar manner for both monoecious and dioecious plants.

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Domestic wastewater treatment and biofuel production by using microalga Scenedesmus sp. ZTY1

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2014.160 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (12) ◽

pp. 2492-2496 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Tian-Yuan Zhang ◽

Yin-Hu Wu ◽

Hong-Ying Hu

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽

High Removal Rate

Cultivation of microalgae for biomass production is a promising way to dispose of wastewater and recover nutrients simultaneously. The properties of nutrient removal and biomass production in domestic wastewater of a newly isolated microalga Scenedesmus sp. ZTY1 were investigated in this study. Scenedesmus sp. ZTY1, which was isolated from a wastewater treatment plant in Beijing, grew well in both the primary and secondary effluents of a wastewater treatment plant during the 21-day cultivation, with a maximal algal density of 3.6 × 106 and 1.9 × 106 cells · mL−1, respectively. The total phosphorus concentrations in both effluents could be efficiently removed by over 97% after the cultivation. A high removal rate (over 90%) of total nitrogen (TN) was also observed. After cultivation in primary effluent for 21 days, the lipid content of Scenedesmus sp. ZTY1 in dry weight had reached about 32.2%. The lipid and triacylglycerol (TAG) production of Scenedesmus sp. ZTY1 was increased significantly with the extension of cultivation time. The TAG production of Scenedesmus sp. ZTY1 increased from 32 mg L−1 at 21 d to 148 mg L−1 at 45 d in primary effluent. All the experiments were carried out in non-sterilized domestic wastewater and Scenedesmus sp. ZTY1 showed good adaptability to the domestic wastewater environment.

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RESPON PERTUMBUHAN TINGGI DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN CENGKEH (Syzigium aromaticum L.) TERHADAP PEMBERIAN PACLOBUTRAZOL

EUGENIA ◽

10.35791/eug.18.2.2012.3565 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Frieda F. Moningka ◽

Semuel D. Runtunuwu ◽

Jeanne M. Paulus

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll A ◽

Tree Height ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Maximum Effect ◽

Chlorophyll B ◽

Height Increment

ABSTRACT This research aims to produce a shorter cloves and generate more interest and qualified by the presence of paclobutrazol treatment. The results showed that the high accretion paclobutrazol can produce the content of chlorophyll a (0,032 mg g-1) and chlorophyll b (0,004 mg g-1), dry weight of 1000 grains (207 g) and dry weight / plant (6.038 kg) was 8 years old clove higher than the control. Recommended further research to determine the maximum effect of paclobutrazol application on plants. Paclobutrazol at a dose of 2.5 g / tree height increment can deliver maximum results of cloves. Keywords : Cloves, gibberallin, paclobutrazol

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Effects of five mycorrhizal fungi on biomass and leaf physiological activities of walnut

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha48412144 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 2021-2031

Author(s):

Wei-Jin CHENG ◽

Yong-Jie XU ◽

Guang-Ming HUANG ◽

Mohammed M. RAHMAN ◽

Zhi-Yan XIAO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll A ◽

Biomass Production ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Juglans Regia ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Chlorophyll B ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Leaf Chlorophyll ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Leaf N

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can benefit many plants, but their effects on walnuts are not yet known. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of five AMF species, namely, Acaulospora scrobiculata, Diversispora spurca, Glomus etunicatum, G. mosseae and G. versiforme on biomass production, chlorophyll contents, sugar fraction contents, and mineral element contents of walnut (Juglans regia L.) seedlings. The five AMF species colonized roots of walnut, established mycorrhizas in roots and hyphae in soil, and released easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein into soil, whilst D. spurca exhibited the best effect. All the AMF inoculations, except A. scrobiculata, stimulated shoot and root biomass production. Mycorrhizal fungal inoculations collectively increased leaf chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll a+b concentrations, and thus promoted leaf sucrose accumulation, which provides an important mycorrhiza-carbon source to roots. AMF inoculations conferred a positive effect on leaf N, P, K, Mg, Fe, B, Zn and Cu contents, while they reduced leaf Mn contents. These results concluded that AMF were beneficial to the growth and physiological activities of walnut, which gives the support for the AMF application in walnut.

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Enhancement of physiological and biochemical attributes of okra by application of salicylic acid under drought stress

Journal of Horticultural Science & Technology ◽

10.46653/jhst2034113 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 113-119

Author(s):

Qasim Ayub ◽

Shah Masaud Khan ◽

Abid Mahmood ◽

Naveed Ul Haq ◽

Shujaat Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

Total Protein ◽

Electrolyte Leakage ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Chlorophyll B ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Total Carotenoids ◽

Effects Of Drought ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

Horticultural crops especially vegetables are most vulnerable to drought due to their higher irrigation needs. Hence, this study was undertaken to evaluate the adverse effects of drought stress and the beneficial effects of salicylic acid (SA) on physiological and biochemical attributes of okra plants under drought stress. For this purpose, a pot experiment was laid out in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) design. Okra seeds were primed with four different SA treatments i.e., 0 (control), 1, 2 and 3 mM and sown in pots (Ø 20 cm). After 14 days of germination, the plants were subjected to two drought levels i.e., 25% and 50% field capacity (FC) and after 20 days of germination regular foliar sprays of SA at 7 days interval were performed with aforementioned SA levels. Physiological parameters like fresh weight, dry weight, and length of plants along with biochemical attributes like chlorophyll (‘a’, ‘b’ and total), total carotenoids, total protein and proline contents, and electrolyte leakage were recorded. Results revealed that drought stress (25% FC) significantly reduced all the studied parameters and resulted in the lowest values of fresh weight (5.04 g), dry weight (1.33 g), length of plants (11.68 cm), chlorophyll ‘a’ content (5.97 mg/g FW), chlorophyll ‘b’ content (8.86 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll (14.84 mg/g FW), total carotenoids (4.96 mg/g FW) and total protein (1.05 mg/g FW), except proline content (6.81 mg/g FW) and electrolyte leakage (77.31%) which was increased. Application of SA under drought stress reduced the harmful effects of drought and application of 2 mM SA produced the maximum fresh weight (8.60 g), dry weight (2.51 g), length of plants (16.23 cm), chlorophyll ‘b’ content (14.47 mg/g FW), total protein (3.73 mg/g FW) and proline content (5.11 mg/g FW); whereas application of 3 mM SA showed the highest values of chlorophyll ‘a’ (8.91 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll content (23.20 mg/g FW) and carotenoids (7.93 mg/g FW), and the lowest value for electrolyte leakage (62.00%).

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