scholarly journals Membrane cleaning in membrane distillation of reverse osmosis concentrate generated in landfill leachate treatment

Author(s):  
Xiaolin Jia ◽  
Kuiling Li ◽  
Baoqiang Wang ◽  
ZhiChao Zhao ◽  
Deyin Hou ◽  
...  

Abstract As a thermally induced membrane separation process, membrane distillation (MD) has drawn more and more attention for the advantages of treating hypersaline wastewaters, especially the concentrate from reverse osmosis (RO) process. One of the major obstacles in widespread MD application is the membrane fouling. We investigated the feasibility of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) for landfill leachate reverse osmosis concentrate (LFLRO) brine treatment and systematically assessed the efficiency of chemical cleaning for DCMD after processing LFLRO brine. The results showed that 80% water recovery rate was achieved when processing the LFLRO brine by DCMD, but the membrane fouling occurred during the DCMD process, and manifested as the decreasing of permeate flux and the increasing of permeate conductivity. Analysis revealed that the serious flux reduction was primarily caused by the fouling layer that consist of organic matters and inorganic salts. Five cleaning methods were investigated for membrane cleaning, including hydrogen chloride (HCl)-sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-NaOH, critic acid, sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) cleaning. Among the chemical cleaning methods investigated, the 3 wt.% SDS cleaning showed the best efficiency at recovering the performance of fouled membranes.

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 3160-3170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanzhu Zhang ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Bingzhi Dong

Abstract The fouling behavior during forward osmosis (FO) was investigated. Tannic acid was used as a model organic foulant for natural organic matter analysis since the main characteristics are similar, and calcium ions were added at different concentrations to explore the anti-pollution capability of FO membranes. The initial permeate flux and calcium ions strength were varied in different operating conditions to describe membrane fouling with membrane cleaning methods. The observed flux decline in FO changed dramatically with the type of foulant and the type of draw solution used to provide the osmotic driving force. Calcium ions aggravated membrane fouling and decreased transmembrane flux. Membrane cleaning methods included physical and physicochemical approaches, and there was no obvious difference among the typical cleaning methods (i.e., membrane flushing with different types of cleaning fluids at various crossflow velocities and backwashing with varying osmotic driving forces) with respect to flux recovery. Ultrasonic cleaning damaged the membrane structure and decreased permeate flux, and reverse diffusion of salt from the draw solution to the feed side accelerated after cleaning.


2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Karakulski ◽  
M. Gryta ◽  
M. Sasim

AbstractApplication of ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, membrane distillation, and integrated membrane processes for the preparation of process water from natural water or industrial effluents was investigated. A two-stage reverse osmosis plant enabled almost complete removal of solutes from the feed water. High-purity water was prepared using the membrane distillation. However, during this process a rapid membrane fouling and permeate flux decline was observed when the tap water was used as a feed. The precipitation of deposit in the modules was limited by the separation of sparingly soluble salts from the feed water in the nanofiltration. The combined reverse osmosis—membrane distillation process prevented the formation of salt deposits on the membranes employed for the membrane distillation. Ultrafiltration was found to be very effective removing trace amounts of oil from the feed water. Then the ultrafiltration permeate was used for feeding of the remaining membrane modules resulting in the total removal of oil residue contamination. The ultrafiltration allowed producing process water directly from the industrial effluents containing petroleum derivatives.


Author(s):  
Izabela Anna Tałałaj

Abstract Purpose In this paper the performance and effectiveness of the reverse osmosis (RO) process for the biologically pretreated leachate was investigated. The RO process was carried out separately for two different pH: 8.0 and 9.3. Methods A general pollution parameters as well as organic and inorganic indicators were determined in raw, biologically pretreated and RO treated leachate. The performance characteristics of the reverse osmosis system were made on the basis of permeate flux, electroconductivity removal rate, concentration factor and efficiency in removal of analyzed parameters. Results The use of SBR pretreatment had very good efficiency in BOD (97.3%) and ammonia nitrogen (95.4%) removal. The lowest effectivity was observed for chloride (11.6%), boron (3.9%) and TDS (1.2%). Pretreated leachate was subjected to RO system. The normalized average flux was 0.53 (42.3 L/m2·h) for pH = 8.0 and 0.68 (33.5 L/m2·h) for pH = 9.3. The lower membrane fouling at higher pH can be explained by electrostatic repulsion between the negatively charged membrane surface and organic substances. Independently of the process pH, a two-step membrane fouling was observed. The greatest differences in removal rates were observed for boron, which had a higher retention rate at higher pH, and ammonia nitrogen, whose removal rate decreased at higher pH. The obtained permeate pH after RO process was lower than the feed pH in two analyzed value of pH. Conclusions The higher flux value at pH = 9.3 is result of high content of organic matter in leachate, which is better rejected at higher pH because of higher electrostatic repulsion between organic matter and membrane surface. This indicates that the organic matter content should be taken into account when determining the operating parameters (pH values) of the RO system.


2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weerapong Rukapan ◽  
Benyapa Khananthai ◽  
Thirdpong Srisukphun ◽  
Wilai Chiemchaisri ◽  
Chart Chiemchaisri

Fouling characteristics of reverse osmosis (RO) membrane with chemical coagulation and microfiltration (MF) pre-treatment were investigated at full-scale leachate treatment systems. In chemical coagulation pre-treatment, solid separation from stabilized leachate was performed by ferric chloride coagulation followed by sand filtration. Meanwhile, MF pre-treatment and the RO system utilized direct filtration using a 0.03 µm membrane without chemical addition. MF pre-treatment yielded better pollutant removals in terms of organics and nitrogen. The study on effect of pre-treatment on RO membrane fouling revealed that accumulated foulant on the RO membrane in MF pre-treatment was significantly lower than that of chemical coagulation. Nevertheless, NaOH cleaning of the fouled RO membrane after chemical coagulation pre-treatment could better recover its permeate flux, thus suggesting that the formation of a loose-structure cake layer by chemical coagulation pre-treatment could allow effective penetration of chemical cleaning and detachment of foulant layer from the membrane surface.


2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 04023
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Ma ◽  
Shoubin Zhang ◽  
Yanming Yang ◽  
Liping Qiu ◽  
Guicai Liu ◽  
...  

Ceramic membrane technique was a new and efficient technology for wastewater treatment and used more and more widely in recent years. Controlling membrane fouling was the key method to ensure the efficient and stable operation of ceramic membrane. In this paper, the causes, influencing factors and control methods of ceramic membrane fouling were summarized. As one of the most effective means to control membrane fouling, several common membrane cleaning methods, such as physical cleaning, chemical cleaning, ultrasonic cleaning and combined cleaning, were introduced. And the application of ceramic membrane cleaning was presented too. Then the future directions for ceramic membrane techniquresearching was prospected.


Author(s):  
М.К. Джубари ◽  
Н.В. Алексеева

Многие отрасли промышленности ежедневно производят большие объемы сточных вод, содержащих органические соединения, неорганические соли и взвешенные примеси. Неотъемлемой частью современных промышленных очистных сооружений является система мембранной очистки. Область применения мембранных процессов разделения ограничены рядом требований: отсутствие взвешенных частиц в обрабатываемых водных растворах, имеется ряд ограничений в кислотности и температуре разделяемых растворов. Одной из важнейших задач в обеспечении рентабельности всего процесса обработки является длительный срок службы мембран, которого возможно достичь предотвращением обрастания поверхности мембран. Наиболее распространенным процессом очистки вод является обратноосмотический процесс разделения. В работе рассмотрен процесс осадкообразования на обратноосмотических мембранах, особое внимание уделяется химической очистке. Проведен анализ работ, посвященных вопросу обрастания обратноосмотических мембран в различных растворах. Рассмотрены различные конструкции мембранных элементов, описан механизм переноса через обратноосмотическую мембрану, учитывая явления концентрационной поляризации у поверхности мембраны. Подробно описаны различные способы борьбы с загрязнением мембран в промышленных сточных водах: предварительная обработка, очистка мембран и модификация поверхности. Авторы резюмируют, что состав исходного раствора является важным фактором, влияющим на производительность обратноосмотической установки. Кроме того, предварительная обработка водных растворов перед процессом обратноосмотического разделения приводит к уменьшению обрастания мембранной поверхности и значительно увеличивает срок службы мембранного элемента. Эффективно в качестве процесса предварительной обработки использовать процесс ультрафильтрационного разделения. Many industries produce large volumes of wastewater on a daily basis containing organic compounds, inorganic salts and suspended impurities. An integral part of modern industrial treatment facilities is a membrane cleaning system. The application area of membrane separation processes is limited by a number of requirements: the absence of suspended particles in the treated aqueous solutions, there are a number of limitations in the acidity and temperature of the separated solutions. One of the most important concerns in ensuring the cost-effectiveness of the entire processing process is the long membrane life, which can be achieved by preventing fouling of the membrane surface. The most common water treatment process is the reverse osmosis separation process. The paper considers the process of sedimentation on reverse osmosis membranes, with special attention paid to chemical cleaning. The analysis of works devoted to the issue of fouling of reverse osmosis membranes in various solutions is carried out. Various designs of membrane elements are considered, the mechanism of transfer through a reverse osmosis membrane is described, taking into account the phenomena of concentration polarization at the membrane surface. Various methods for controlling membrane fouling in industrial wastewater are described in detail: pretreatment, membrane cleaning and surface modification. The authors summarize that the composition of the initial solution is an important factor affecting the performance of a reverse osmosis system. In addition, the pretreatment of aqueous solutions before the reverse osmosis separation process leads to a decrease in fouling of the membrane surface and significantly increases the service life of the membrane element. It is effective to use an ultrafiltration separation process as a pretreatment process.


Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 846
Author(s):  
Aysegul Gul ◽  
Jakub Hruza ◽  
Fatma Yalcinkaya

Membrane fouling is one of the main drawbacks encountered during the practical application of membrane separation processes. Cleaning of a membrane is important to reduce fouling and improve membrane performance. Accordingly, an effective cleaning method is currently of crucial importance for membrane separation processes in water treatment. To clean the fouling and improve the overall efficiency of membranes, deep research on the cleaning procedures is needed. So far, physical, chemical, or combination techniques have been used for membrane cleaning. In the current work, we critically reviewed the fouling mechanisms affecting factors of fouling such as the size of particle or solute; membrane microstructure; the interactions between membrane, solute, and solvent; and porosity of the membrane and also examined cleaning methods of microfiltration (MF) membranes such as physical cleaning and chemical cleaning. Herein, we mainly focused on the chemical cleaning process. Factors affecting the chemical cleaning performance, including cleaning time, the concentration of chemical cleaning, and temperature of the cleaning process, were discussed in detail. This review is carried out to enable a better understanding of the membrane cleaning process for an effective membrane separation process.


Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1601
Author(s):  
Jorge Contreras-Martínez ◽  
Carmen García-Payo ◽  
Mohamed Khayet

As a consequence of the increase in reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plants, the number of discarded RO modules for 2020 was estimated to be 14.8 million annually. Currently, these discarded modules are disposed of in nearby landfills generating high volumes of waste. In order to extend their useful life, in this research study, we propose recycling and reusing the internal components of the discarded RO modules, membranes and spacers, in membrane engineering for membrane distillation (MD) technology. After passive cleaning with a sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution, these recycled components were reused as support for polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibrous membranes prepared by electrospinning technique. The prepared membranes were characterized by different techniques and, finally, tested in desalination of high saline solutions (brines) by direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). The effect of the electrospinning time, which is the same as the thickness of the nanofibrous layer, was studied in order to optimize the permeate flux together with the salt rejection factor and to obtain robust membranes with stable DCMD desalination performance. When the recycled RO membrane or the permeate spacer were used as supports with 60 min electrospinning time, good permeate fluxes were achieved, 43.2 and 18.1 kg m−2 h−1, respectively; with very high salt rejection factors, greater than 99.99%. These results are reasonably competitive compared to other supported and unsupported MD nanofibrous membranes. In contrast, when using the feed spacer as support, inhomogeneous structures were observed on the electrospun nanofibrous layer due to the special characteristics of this spacer resulting in low salt rejection factors and mechanical properties of the electrospun nanofibrous membrane.


Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 493
Author(s):  
Amine Charfi ◽  
Fida Tibi ◽  
Jeonghwan Kim ◽  
Jin Hur ◽  
Jinwoo Cho

This study aims to investigate the effect of operational conditions on organic fouling occurring in a direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) system used to treat wastewater. A mixed solution of sodium alginate (SA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a feed solution to simulate polysaccharides and proteins, respectively, assumed as the main organic foulants. The permeate flux was observed at two feed temperatures 35 and 50 °C, as well as three feed solution pH 4, 6, and 8. Higher permeate flux was observed for higher feed temperature, which allows higher vapor pressure. At higher pH, a smaller particle size was detected with lower permeate flux. A mathematical model based on mass balance was developed to simulate permeate flux with time by assuming (i) the cake formation controlled by attachment and detachment of foulant materials and (ii) the increase in specific cake resistance, the function of the cake porosity, as the main mechanisms controlling membrane fouling to investigate the fouling mechanism responsible of permeate flux decline. The model fitted well with the experimental data with R2 superior to 0.9. High specific cake resistance fostered by small particle size would be responsible for the low permeate flux observed at pH 8.


2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Baghel ◽  
Sushant Upadhyaya ◽  
Kailash Singh ◽  
Satyendra P. Chaurasia ◽  
Akhilendra B. Gupta ◽  
...  

AbstractThe main aim of this article is to provide a state-of-the-art review of the experimental studies on vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) process. An introduction to the history of VMD is carried out along with the other membrane distillation configurations. Recent developments in process, characterization of membrane, module design, transport phenomena, and effect of operating parameters on permeate flux are discussed for VMD in detail. Several heat and mass transfer correlations obtained by various researchers for different VMD modules have been discussed. The impact of membrane fouling with its control in VMD is discussed in detail. In this paper, temperature polarization coefficient and concentration polarization coefficient are elaborated in detail. Integration of VMD with other membrane separation processes/industrial processes have been explained to improve the performance of the system and make it more energy efficient. A critical evaluation of the VMD literature is incorporated throughout this review.


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