LINGUOCULTURAL POTENTIAL OF EUPHEMISMS-AMULETS

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
SERGEY I. ROMANOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Target Selection ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cultural Community ◽  
Magical Power ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Cultural Code ◽  
Russian Linguistic ◽  
Selection Of

The article deals with a special type of euphemisms-amulets, that is, linguocultural units endowed with the function of protection. There are two types of euphemisms-amulets from the point of view of relevance: obsolete and current units. Obsolete euphemisms- amulets have targets that are not recognized as dangerous by the modern linguistic and cultural community. Current euphemisms-amulets, although not always consciously, are used by representatives of the modern Russian linguistic and cultural community to protect against something bad. The paper establishes that the use of the euphemism-amulet is based on the transla- tion of the target's representation into another cultural code. The work reveals that the euphemisms-amulets are directed not to mitigate an unwanted nomination but how to replace it. An undesirable nomination is endowed with negative magical properties, which is why the linguocultural community imposes a ban on its use. A protective cultural function is superim- posed on the euphemism. The main pragmatic explanation for the use of the euphemism- amulet is the speaker's desire not to predict an encounter with an unwanted object, which is based on belief in the magical power of the word. The factors that determine the linguocultural specificity of euphemisms-amulets are revealed. The first factor is target selection. For the Russian linguocultural community, such targets include a totemic animal, evil forces representing another world, death. The second factor is the selection of nominations for the euphemistic function, which is determined by culturally marked background knowledge, ideas, and typical practices. The communicative- pragmatic platform for the use of euphemisms-amulets is the belief in the magical power of the word, in the fact that the use of the forbidden word can lead to negative consequences (in particular, to cause the appearance of something dangerous, undesirable). The work proves that the identified cultural factors are universal, based on universal archetypes: one's own / another's, permission / prohibition, life / death. At the same time, the fact of the appearance of the euphemism-amulet, the choice of its internal form is determined by national and cultural factors.

Social Skills for Children: Training Empirically-derived Target Behaviours

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 174-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Weist ◽  
M. Christopher Borden ◽  
Jack W. Finney ◽  
Thomas H. Ollendick
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Role Play ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Child Behaviour ◽  
Multiple Baseline ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Play Partner ◽  
Selection Of

We evaluated the empirical validation model of target selection for two boys with interpersonal problems. Behaviours previously identified as distinguishing popular from rejected boys on a role-play measure of social behaviour were targeted for change in these boys who had histories of peer rejection. We trained three of these empirically-derived behaviours — appropriate body orientation, adequate speech intonation, and providing reasons for denying unreasonable requests — in a multiple-baseline-across-behaviours design. On a role-play measure of social behaviour, improvements in the targeted behaviours occurred upon, but not before, introduction of the intervention, confirming the controlling effects of the intervention. Behavioural improvements generalised to untrained role-play scenes and to a novel role-play partner, and were maintained for two of the three behaviours at 4- and 6-month follow-up assessments. The boys also showed improvements in parent-reported child behaviour from pre- to post-training. The study demonstrates use of an empirical approach to the selection of treatment targets for children.

Cultural marking of allusions in the framework of D. Fowles ' artistic discourse

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Альбина Гарифуллина ◽  
Al'bina Garifullina
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cultural Community ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Cultural Codes ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Text Information ◽  
Cultural Code ◽  
Linguistic Units

The interests of modern linguistics are turned today to the study of how the language functions in the real speech activity of an individual or a collective, a group United socially or territorially. As a native English speaker, D. Fowles in his works reflects and explicates a specific vision of the world inherent in the English linguistic and cultural community. One of the means of transferring the features of the worldview of his people D. Fowles is an allusion. The peculiarity of D. Fowles's discourse is characterized by the frequent use of this stylistic device, the specificity of which consists in referring to a particular event or object that is important for this linguistic and cultural community. Projecting the mention of a fact on the fabric of the text, allusion contributes to the fact that cultural information becomes an integral part of it. The monograph is devoted to the linguistic and cultural analysis of allusions aimed at the description of the projection and fragment of the cultural space of the English linguistic and cultural community. This publication contains the theoretical foundations of the linguistic and cultural approach to the study of linguistic units (in particular allusions), as well as their consistent analysis for the transmission of cultural and value information. Cultural and value information is recorded in the discourse with the help of culturological components (according to S. V. Ivanova), so that the discourse becomes culturologically marked. In the study of allusions, different types of allusions are distinguished from the point of view of their relevance to the text information: dominant and local. In turn, the latter of these have their gradation. For the analysis of D. Fowles's discourse, the concept of cultural marking, developed by S. V. Ivanova, the concept of cultural spheres, the linguistic-cultural code, which is a verbalized translator of various cultural codes, the classification of culture codes, developed by D. B. Gudkov and M. L. Kovshova, and V. V. Krasnykh was taken as a basis. The publication is intended for a wide range of specialists in the field of cultural studies, linguoculturology, intercultural communication, stylistics, literary studies, text interpretation.

scholarly journals Fabric Selection for the Reference Clothing Destined for Ergonomics Test of Protective Clothing—Sensorial Comfort Point of View

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Bartkowiak ◽  
Iwona Frydrych ◽  
Agnieszka Komisarczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Greszta
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Polyester Fabric ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Comfort Parameters ◽  
Twill Weave ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The main purpose of this study is the selection of a proper fabric for the reference clothing for ergonomic tests of protective clothing. For research, seven fabric of different raw material content and different structure were chosen. We studied the handle of fabrics produced from blend of polyester/cotton and polyester/Tencel, which were designated by letters from A to G. The assessment of handle of the fabric was performed based on the mechanical properties of fabrics using Kawabata evaluation system (KES-system). It was proven that one of the tested fabrics (F) made of polyester and cotton fibers (85% PES / 15% cotton) with the reinforced twill weave is characterized by the highest total hand value (THV).The high THV results from the low value of koshi (stiffness) and the highest value of numeri (smoothness) and fukurami (fullness). However, in terms of physiological comfort, the lower value of fukurami is more preferred. It turned out that the fabric with the higher value of fukurami (including fabric F) is characterized by the lower air permeability and higher water vapor resistance. At the end, we decided that the reference clothing will be made of cotton/polyester fabric G with the lowest mass per square meter because of the very good physiological comfort parameters and the satisfactory sensorial comfort parameters.

scholarly journals Contraceptive and infertility target DataBase (CITDBase): A contraceptive drug development tool for targeting and analysis of human reproductive specific tissues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subarna Sinha ◽  
Merrill Knapp ◽  
John Pywtorak ◽  
Greg McCain ◽  
Kenneth Wingerden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Development Tool ◽  
Broad Term ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Biological Entities ◽  
Target Database ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The long and challenging drug development process begins with discovery biology for the selection of an appropriate target for a specific indication. Target is a broad term that can be applied to a range of biological entities such as proteins, genes and RNAs. Although there are numerous databases available for mining biological entities, publicly available searchable, downloadable databases to aid in target selection for a specific disease or indication (e.g. developing contraceptives and infertility treatments) are limited. We report the development of the Contraceptive Infertility Target DataBase (CITDBase: https://www.citdbase.org), which provides investigators an interface to mine existing transcriptomic and proteomic resources to identify high quality contraceptive/infertility targets. The creation of similar individualized databases is applicable to the identification of targets for other diseases and conditions.

scholarly journals Chickens productivity selection affects immune system genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 755-760
Author(s):  
А. М. Borodin ◽  
Ya. I. Alekseev ◽  
K. E. Gerasimov ◽  
N. V. Konovalova ◽  
E. V. Тerentjeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Artificial Selection ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Strong Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Selection Of

The quantitative trait loci associated with the immune properties of chickens are of interest from the point of view of obtaining animals resistant to infectious agents using marker-assisted selection. In the process of selecting markers for genomic selection in broiler-type chickens, a non-standard genotype frequency of the RACK1 gene allele (SNP Gga_rs15788101) in the B5 line of broiler-type chicken cross Smena 8 was identified and it was suggested that this gene was involved in selection. Therefore, it was decided to investigate the available polymorphisms in the three genes responsible for the IgY titer (DMA, RACK1 and CD1B). Molecular typing of single nucleotide polymorphisms of three loci revealed an approach to fixation of the unfavorable allele of the DMA gene (SNP Gga_rs15788237), an approach to fixation of the unfavorable allele of the RACK1 gene and the prevalence of the favorable CD1B gene allele (SNP Gga_rs16057130). Analysis of the haplotypes revealed a strong linkage disequilibrium of these genes. This suggests that these genes experience selection pressure. Analysis of the protein-coding sequences of the CD1B and DMA genes of various breeds of chickens revealed a negative selection of these genes. In order to understand whether the fixation of the studied alleles is the result of artificial selection of the B5 line of the cross Smena 8, an analysis of similar loci in layer chickens Hisex White was carried out. The frequencies of the alleles at the loci of the CD1B gene (Gga_rs16057130) and the RACK1 gene (Gga_rs15788101) in the Hisex White chicken genome differ from the frequencies of the alleles obtained for chickens of the B5 line of the cross Smena 8. It can be assumed that the fixation of the allele in the DMA gene (SNP Gga_rs15723) is associated with artificial or natural selection, consistent in broilers and layers. Changes in the loci Gga_rs16057130 and Gga_rs15788101 in the B5 line of the Smena 8 chickens are most likely associated with artificial selection of broiler productivity traits, which can subsequently lead to fixation of alleles at these loci. Artificial breeding of chickens leads to degradation of the variability of genes encoding elements of the immune system, which can cause a decrease in resistance to various diseases. The study of the negative impact of selection of economic traits on immunity should provide means to mitigate negative consequences and help find ways to obtain disease-resistant animals.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE EXCIPIENTS SELECTION FOR SEMI-SOLID DOSAGE FORMS

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Shostak ◽  
S. B. Bilous ◽  
N. I. Gudz’ ◽  
T. G. Kalynyuk
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Solid Dosage Forms ◽  
Pharmaceutical Development ◽  
Solid Dosage ◽  
Medicinal Preparations ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Cutaneous Application ◽  
Selection Of

<span class="a"><span lang="EN-US">The requirements for the selection of excipients during the pharmaceutical development of semi-solid medicinal preparations for cutaneous application were generalized from a point of view of their impact on the quality, efficacy and safety of medicinal preparations. It was justified which excipients from the examined groups should be used for the pharmaceutical development of ointments, gels, and creams. The information about physico-chemical and technological properties of excipients and their compatibility was summarized.</span></span>

Identifying Measurement Invariant Item Sets in Cross-Cultural Settings Using an Automated Item Selection Procedure

Methodology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schultze ◽  
Michael Eid
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Item Selection ◽  
Ant System ◽  
Item Quality ◽  
Ant System Algorithm ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. In the construction of scales intended for the use in cross-cultural studies, the selection of items needs to be guided not only by traditional criteria of item quality, but has to take information about the measurement invariance of the scale into account. We present an approach to automated item selection which depicts the process as a combinatorial optimization problem and aims at finding a scale which fulfils predefined target criteria – such as measurement invariance across cultures. The search for an optimal solution is performed using an adaptation of the [Formula: see text] Ant System algorithm. The approach is illustrated using an application to item selection for a personality scale assuming measurement invariance across multiple countries.

Tauchnitz for Translators. The Circulation of English-language Literature in Finland

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 161-179
Author(s):  
Outi Paloposki
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Book History ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Book Production ◽  
German Publisher ◽  
Language Literature ◽  
Selection Of

The article looks at book production and circulation from the point of view of translators, who, as purchasers and readers of foreign-language books, are an important mediating force in the selection of literature for translation. Taking the German publisher Tauchnitz's series ‘Collection of British Authors’ and its circulation in Finland in the nineteenth and early twentieth century as a case in point, the article argues that the increased availability of English-language books facilitated the acquiring and honing of translators' language skills and gradually diminished the need for indirect translating. Book history and translation studies meet here in an examination of the role of the Collection in Finnish translators' work.

COMBINATORIAL POLYNOMIALLY COMPUTABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBSTITUTIONS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR NIKONOV ◽  
◽  
ANTON ZOBOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Expectation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bijective Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Element Base ◽  
Selection Of

The construction and selection of a suitable bijective function, that is, substitution, is now becoming an important applied task, particularly for building block encryption systems. Many articles have suggested using different approaches to determining the quality of substitution, but most of them are highly computationally complex. The solution of this problem will significantly expand the range of methods for constructing and analyzing scheme in information protection systems. The purpose of research is to find easily measurable characteristics of substitutions, allowing to evaluate their quality, and also measures of the proximity of a particular substitutions to a random one, or its distance from it. For this purpose, several characteristics were proposed in this work: difference and polynomial, and their mathematical expectation was found, as well as variance for the difference characteristic. This allows us to make a conclusion about its quality by comparing the result of calculating the characteristic for a particular substitution with the calculated mathematical expectation. From a computational point of view, the thesises of the article are of exceptional interest due to the simplicity of the algorithm for quantifying the quality of bijective function substitutions. By its nature, the operation of calculating the difference characteristic carries out a simple summation of integer terms in a fixed and small range. Such an operation, both in the modern and in the prospective element base, is embedded in the logic of a wide range of functional elements, especially when implementing computational actions in the optical range, or on other carriers related to the field of nanotechnology.

ESTIMASI NILAI HERITABILITAS BOBOT IKAN MAS VARIETAS PUNTEN DALAM PROGRAM SELEKSI INDIVIDU

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Estu Nugroho ◽  
Budi Setyono ◽  
Mochammad Su’eb ◽  
Tri Heru Prihadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Body Weight Trait ◽  
Population Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Weight Trait ◽  
Selection Of

Program pemuliaan ikan mas varietas Punten dilakukan dengan seleksi individu terhadap karakter bobot ikan. Pembentukan populasi dasar untuk kegiatan seleksi dilakukan dengan memijahkan secara massal induk ikan mas yang terdiri atas 20 induk betina dan 21 induk jantan yang dikoleksi dari daerah Punten, Kepanjen (delapan betina dan enam jantan), Kediri (tujuh betina dan 12 jantan), Sragen (27 betina dan 10 jantan), dan Blitar (15 betina dan 11 jantan). Larva umur 10 hari dipelihara selama empat bulan. Selanjutnya dilakukan penjarangan sebesar 50% dan benih dipelihara selama 14 bulan untuk dilakukan seleksi dengan panduan hasil sampling 250 ekor individu setiap populasi. Seleksi terhadap calon induk dilakukan saat umur 18 bulan pada populasi jantan dan betina secara terpisah dengan memilih berdasarkan 10% bobot ikan yang terbaik. Calon induk yang terseleksi kemudian dipelihara hingga matang gonad, kemudian dipilih sebanyak 150 pasang dan dipijahkan secara massal. Didapatkan respons positif dari hasil seleksi berdasarkan bobot ikan, yaitu 49,89 g atau 3,66% (populasi ikan jantan) dan 168,47 g atau 11,43% (populasi ikan betina). Nilai heritabilitas untuk bobot ikan adalah 0,238 (jantan) dan 0,505 (betina).Punten carp breeding programs were carried out by individual selection for body weight trait. The base population for selection activities were conducted by mass breeding of parent consisted of 20 female and 21 male collected from area Punten, eight female and six male (Kepanjen), seven female and 12 male (Kediri), 27 female and 10 male (Sragen), 15 female and 11 male (Blitar). Larvae 10 days old reared for four moths. Then after spacing out 50% of total harvest, the offspring reared for 14 months for selection activity based on the sampling of 250 individual each population. Selection of broodstock candidates performed since 18 months age on male and female populations separately by selecting based on 10% of fish with best body weight. Candidates selected broodstocks were then maintained until mature. In oder to produce the next generation 150 pairs were sets and held for mass spawning. The results revealed that selection response were positive, 49.89 g (3.66%) for male and 168.47 (11.43%) for female. Heritability for body weight is 0.238 (male) and 0.505 (female).

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