scholarly journals Measuring children’s values from around the world: Cross-cultural adaptations of the Picture-Based Value Survey for Children (PBVS-C)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (18) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Anna K. Döring
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Adaptation Process ◽  
Cultural Adaptations ◽  
The World ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

The Picture-Based Value Survey for Children (PBVS-C; Döring et al., 2010) assesses children’s values through self-report and thereby depicts Schwartz’s theory of universal human values at an early age (approximately six to eleven years). Recently, the original German version has been adapted for application in Poland, Bulgaria, the Ukraine, France, Italy, Switzerland, the UK, New Zealand, Australia, the USA, Brazil, Turkey, Israel, and Estonia, and it is currently adapted for application in Ireland, Russia, and Portugal. In this manuscript, we accompany the PBVS-C on its journey around the world and systematically explore culture-specifics in the adaptation process with a particular focus on the meaning of the value pictures, as the PBVS-C’s core elements. Integrating findings from these adaptations of the PBVS-C, we aim to share best practice and draw a roadmap for future adaptations in other cultures. This article further serves as a resource to locate existing studies with the PBVS-C.

Winter War, Anti-Communism and the volunteers from abroad, 1939-1940

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 9-28
Author(s):  
Kristo Karvinen
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Foreign Country ◽  
Contemporary Research ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Winter War ◽  
The Uk

The 1939 invasion of Finland by the Soviet Union attracted more than just journalists to the frigid north. Thousands of volunteers around the world rallied under the Finnish flag, willing to risk their lives for a foreign country. Over ten thousand arrived before the end of the war, with more on their way, coming from Hungary and Estonia, Canada and the USA, Sweden and the UK. Were they all ardent anticommunists or did they have other motives? This article seeks to answer that question, utilising Finnish and British archives as well as contemporary research into war volunteering. The origins and motives of the volunteers are examined, revealing that their motives ran a wide gamut, including such reasons as anti-communism, linguistic fraternity and spirit of adventure, to name a few.

scholarly journals Interpretation and application of Sponge City guidelines in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 378 (2168) ◽  
pp. 20190222 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Griffiths ◽  
Faith Ka Shun Chan ◽  
Michelle Shao ◽  
Fangfang Zhu ◽  
David Laurence Higgitt
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
Surface Water Management ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

‘Sponge City’ is the term used to describe the Chinese government's approach to urban surface water management. The concept was conceived in 2014 in response to an increasing incidence of urban flooding or water-logging in Chinese cities. While ambitious and far-reaching in its aim (of decreasing national flood risk, increasing water supply and improving water quality), the initiative must be implemented by individual subprovincial or municipal-level government entities. Thus, while the concept is similar to sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) in the UK (or low-impact development (LID) in the USA), it is developing with different regional characteristics, and during continuing rapid urbanization. Indeed, the increasing use of national rather than international examples of best practice reflects a growing body of knowledge that has evolved since the start of the Sponge City initiative. In this paper, interpretation and development of the national Sponge City guidelines are assessed for the Ningbo Municipality, an affluent and rapidly expanding city on China's low-lying east coast. While climate, geology and socio-economic factors can all be seen to influence the way that national guidelines are implemented, project financing, integration and assessment are found to be of increasing influence. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Urban flood resilience’.

Pregnancy in adolescence: incidence and outcome in European countries

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (S5) ◽  
pp. 101-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Deschamps ◽  
G. Valantin
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
School Health ◽  
The Other ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Pregnancy In Adolescence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Clinical Problems

Pregnancy in adolescence is now a very great concern for doctors, teachers and social workers throughout the world and yet about 95% of the publications on this topic have come from the USA. The remainder are mainly from the UK and Scandinavia. Other countries have produced only a small number of papers, focusing mainly on clinical problems such as the pathological events and complications during pregnancy or delivery. In France, the first paper to appear in a paediatric journal was published in 1977 in the French journal of school health (Martin, 1977). On the other hand, teenage magazines often contain articles about sexual behaviour and pregnancy in adolescence. There is now a great concern in the adolescents' press about the problems of sexuality, contraception, abortion and pregnancy, including advertising for pregnancy tests.

scholarly journals How to Cope with Working in an Open-space Lab?

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-687
Author(s):  
Marco Pautasso ◽  
Wopke Van Der Werf
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Cultural Relevance ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Research Environments ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

Open-space labs and research environments are increasingly common worldwide. They are supposed to facilitate interactions among researchers, but can be disruptive to those who need to be in a quiet environment in order to concentrate. This problem is increasingly felt across the natural, medical and social sciences, has a clear interdisciplinary and cross-cultural relevance, but has been the focus of limited attention. We propose some simple suggestions for researchers struggling in an open-space lab, based on a literature review and our experience in open spaces in various labs and countries (Australia, China, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland, the UK and the USA) as undergrads, PhD students, postdocs, researchers and (W. van der Werf) professors. Our aim is to help researchers working in open-space offices and labs with some straightforward solutions that will make their lives and work easier.

scholarly journals Ethnic and cultural factors in psychopharmacology

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Bhugra ◽  
Kamaldeep Bhui
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Factors ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Biological Determinants ◽  
Folk Remedies ◽  
Relativist Approach ◽  
The Uk

Barring a few exceptions (such as rauwolfia), most of the psychiatric medications have been developed in the West, especially the USA, the UK and Europe. Their safety trials have been conducted in the populations living in these parts of the world. Although these drugs are used all over the world there is a limited research to determine accurate pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles across different ethnic groups. Hence, clinicians usually adopt a ‘universalist style’ (seeing every condition and treatment as similar) of managing psychiatric illnesses, but this appears to neglect the information from the emerging literature which advocates a relativist approach to pharmacotherapy (see Lin et al 1995 for review). Anthropologists have encountered ‘phenomenological absolutism’ in a general tendency of people from one culture to perceive and value other cultures in terms unconsciously based upon their own, but phenomenologically experienced as absolute and universally applicable (also known as ethnocentrism). In addition to ethno-biological determinants of drug response, there are significant cultural factors: the concurrent use of pluralistic health systems, alternative therapies and folk remedies which might support, hinder or complicate pharmacotherapy and treatment adherence. In this paper we highlight some key factors of which clinicians need to be aware. These include pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic principles, and application of these principles in pharmacological management of psychiatric conditions. Ethnic differences in pharmacodynamics are most clearly demonstrated in the greater sensitivity to a variety of drugs in Caucasians than in Asians or in African–Caribbeans.

When the owl of Minerva flew at dusk: marketing in Greater Germany, 1918‐1939

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Fullerton
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
German Language ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World ◽  
Peripheral Position ◽  
The Usa

PurposeDuring the 1920s and into the 1930s, German‐language work on consumer behavior led the world; for example, segmentation was clearly discussed from the late 1920s. The purpose of this paper is to show how marketing thought in Germany and Austria reached a peak even as the environmental substructure that sustained it was being seriously eroded by political and economic changes that forever consigned it to a peripheral position upon the world stage.Design/methodology/approachThe design of the study is a critical historical one relying heavily upon documents produced during the period discussed. Statements are weighed and evaluated.FindingsThe paper finds that very impressive, at times world‐leading, work was being done in the 1920s and early 1930s, particularly in the areas of segmentation and what would later become known as consumer behavior. Much of what later became known as Motivation Research, or example, was pioneered in Germany and Austria before 1934.Research limitations/ implicationsThe primary implication is that a great deal of marketing thought developed outside the USA, sometimes drawing upon US marketing thought, in other cases developing completely independently. A second implication is that marketing thought can be weakened by political and economic conditions, as Germany and Austria painfully experienced.Originality/valueThis is the first study to explore historical German and Austrian marketing thought in a cross‐cultural manner, comparing and contrasting them with thought developed elsewhere.

scholarly journals Implementing Best Practices and Validation of Cryopreservation Techniques for Microorganisms

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Smith ◽  
Matthew Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
World Federation ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Culture Collections ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
Preservation Method ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk

Authentic, well preserved living organisms are basic elements for research in the life sciences and biotechnology. They are grown and utilized in laboratories around the world and are key to many research programmes, industrial processes and training courses. They are vouchers for publications and must be available for confirmation of results, further study or reinvestigation when new technologies become available. These biological resources must be maintained without change in biological resource collections. In order to achieve best practice in the maintenance and provision of biological materials for industry, research and education the appropriate standards must be followed. Cryopreservation is often the best preservation method available to achieve these aims, allowing long term, stable storage of important microorganisms. To promulgate best practice the Organisation for Economic Development and Co-operation (OECD published the best practice guidelines for BRCs. The OECD best practice consolidated the efforts of the UK National Culture Collections, the European Common Access to Biological Resources and Information (CABRI) project consortium and the World Federation for Culture Collections. The paper discusses quality management options and reviews cryopreservation of fungi, describing how the reproducibility and quality of the technique is maintained in order to retain the full potential of fungi.

scholarly journals National citation patterns ofNEJM,The Lancet,JAMAandThe BMJin the lay press: a quantitative content analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e018705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Casino ◽  
Roser Rius ◽  
Erik Cobo
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
New York Times ◽  
Western World ◽  
Quantitative Content Analysis ◽  
Medical Journals ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

ObjectivesTo analyse the total number of newspaper articles citing the four leading general medical journals and to describe national citation patterns.DesignQuantitative content analysis.Setting/sampleFull text of 22 general newspapers in 14 countries over the period 2008–2015, collected from LexisNexis. The 14 countries have been categorised into four regions: the USA, the UK, Western World (European countries other than the UK, and Australia, New Zealand and Canada) and Rest of the World (other countries).Main outcome measurePress citations of four medical journals (two American:NEJMandJAMA; and two British:The LancetandThe BMJ) in 22 newspapers.ResultsBritish and American newspapers cited some of the four analysed medical journals about three times a week in 2008–2015 (weekly mean 3.2 and 2.7 citations, respectively); the newspapers from other Western countries did so about once a week (weekly mean 1.1), and those from the Rest of the World cited them about once a month (monthly mean 1.1). The New York Times cited above all other newspapers (weekly mean 4.7). The analysis showed the existence of three national citation patterns in the daily press: American newspapers cited mostly American journals (70.0% of citations), British newspapers cited mostly British journals (86.5%) and the rest of the analysed press cited more British journals than American ones.The Lancetwas the most cited journal in the press of almost all Western countries outside the USA and the UK. Multivariate correspondence analysis confirmed the national patterns and showed that over 85% of the citation data variability is retained in just one single new variable: the national dimension.ConclusionBritish and American newspapers are the ones that cite the four analysed medical journals more often, showing a domestic preference for their respective national journals; non-British and non-American newspapers show a common international citation pattern.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Models of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) to Control the Transmission Based on Current Evidence: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Arora ◽  
Rishabh Jain ◽  
Harendra Pal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Real Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Epidemiological Models ◽  
Medical Supplies ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Uk

In Wuhan city of China, an episode of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) happened. during late December and it has quickly spread to all places in the world. Until May 29, 2020, cases were high in the USA with 1.7 Million, Russia with approximately 387 thousand, the UK with 271 thousand confirmed cases. Everybody on the planet is anxious to know when the coronavirus pandemic will end. In this scourge, most nations force extreme medication measures to contain the spread of COVID-19. Modeling has been utilized broadly by every national government and the World Health Organization in choosing the best procedures to seek after in relieving the impacts of COVID-19. Many epidemiological models are studied to understand the spread of the illness and its prediction to find maximum capacity for human-to-human transmission so that control techniques can be adopted. Also, arrangements for the medical facilities required such as hospital beds and medical supplies can be made in advance. Many models are used to anticipate the results keeping in view the present scenario. There is an urgent need to study the various models and their impacts. In this study, we present a systematic literature review on epidemiological models for the outbreak of novel coronavirus in India. The epidemiological dynamics of COVID-19 is also studied. Here, In addition, an attempt to take out the results from the exploration and comparing it with the real data. The study helps to choose the models that are progressive and dependable to predict and give legitimate methods for various strategies.

scholarly journals Molecular analysis and new records of the invasive polychaete Boccardia proboscidea (Annelida: Spionidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
VASILY I. RADASHEVSKY ◽  
VICTORIA V. PANKOVA ◽  
VASILY V. MALYAR ◽  
TATYANA V. NERETINA ◽  
ROBIN S. WILSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
The North ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Asian Pacific ◽  
The Uk

The spionid polychaete Boccardia proboscidea Hartman, 1940 is a tube-dweller and shell/stone-borer widely occurring in temperate waters across the world and considered invasive in many areas. It was originally described from California, USA, and later reported from Pacific Canada, the Asian Pacific, Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, South Africa, and northern Europe. The Bayesian inference analysis of sequence data of three gene fragments (836 bp in total) of the mitochondrial 16S rDNA, nuclear 28S rDNA, and Histone 3 has shown that individuals from the Pacific coasts of Canada and the USA, Argentina, Australia, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and Mediterranean France were genetically very similar (maximal average p-distance value, 0.49%, was between 16S rDNA sequences). We consider these individuals to be conspecific and report the earliest records of B. proboscidea from the UK and a possible first Mediterranean record in the Gulf of Lion. The high 16S haplotype diversity of B. proboscidea detected in the north-eastern Pacific suggests a native distribution for the species in the northern Pacific and subsequent introductions through human activities to other parts of the world. The histories of these introductions are reviewed and the hypotheses about times and places of introductions are updated.

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