Cannabis Phenolics and their Bioactivities

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1160-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Pollastro ◽  
Alberto Minassi ◽  
Luigia Grazia Fresu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Prenylated Flavonoids ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Almost All

Background: Although Cannabis sativa L. is one of the most versatile plant species with multipurpose use both as medical, alimentary source and as psychoactive abuse, its biomedical relevance focused the attention on major cannabinoids. Phytochemical characterization of cannabis highlights the presence of various non-cannabinoids constituents including flavonoids, spiroindans, dihyrostilbenes, dihydrophenanthrenes, lignanamides, steroids and alkaloids. This review aims to identify polyphenols present in this plant, their biosynthesis, their bioactivities and their synthesis, when this occurred. Methods: We undertook a systematic research focused on bibliographic databases including all noncannabinoids phenolics in various C. sativa strains from their isolation, structural elucidation, their biological activity to their synthesis. Result: Nevertheless, attention has so far been focused only on cannabinoids (more than one hundred isolated), cannabis is a complex plant able to produce more than 480 chemical entities that represent almost all of the different biogenetic classes. Regarding phenolic compounds, the plant biosynthesises a plethora of unique non-cannabinoids second metabolites, such as prenylated flavonoids, stilbenoids derivatives and lignanammides. Conclusion: Cannabis is a plant with high pharmacological and nutrition values, its potentialities and applications are not only circumscribed to cannabinoids biological activities, but also defined by noncannabinoid compounds. The combination of other cannabinoids together with noncannabinoid components could enhance the beneficial effects of THC and could reduce undesirable side effects.

scholarly journals Methodologies in the Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.): Composition, Biological Activity, and Beneficial Effects on Human Health

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Bety W. Hapsari ◽  
Manikharda ◽  
Widiastuti Setyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Positive Effects

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), as an edible flower, has long provided an array of positive effects on human health. This benefit is a result of phenolic compounds that are naturally present mainly in the calyx. Plentiful medicinal remedies and functional foods based on this flower are available worldwide, as supported by the studies of phenolic compounds in recent decades. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the composition, biological activity, and beneficial effects on human health of phenolic compounds in roselle. This review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A structured search in the published literature for phenolics compositions in roselle was required prior to the evaluation on the validity of the reported analytical methods. Reliable identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in roselle can be achieved by employing the proper extraction and separation methods. With ample alternative analytical methods discussed here, this review provided an aid for comprehending and selecting the most appropriate method for a particular study. The applications of the analytical methods highlighted indicated that phenolic acids, flavonoids, and their derivatives have been identified and quantified in roselle with a range of biological activities and beneficial effects on human health. It was also disclosed that the composition and concentration of phenolic compounds in roselle vary due to the growth factors, cultivars, and environmental influence. Finally, apart from the research progress carried out with roselle during the last ten years, this review also proposed relevant future works.

scholarly journals Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Terpenes from Cannabis sativa L. By-Products: From Conventional to Intensified Processes

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 942
Author(s):  
Emilie Isidore ◽  
Hamza Karim ◽  
Irina Ioannou
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Conventional Solvent Extraction ◽  
By Products

Cannabis sativa L. is a controversial crop due to its high tetrahydrocannabinol content varieties; however, the hemp varieties get an increased interest. This paper describes (i) the main categories of phenolic compounds (flavonoids, stilbenoids and lignans) and terpenes (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes) from C. sativa by-products and their biological activities and (ii) the main extraction techniques for their recovery. It includes not only common techniques such as conventional solvent extraction, and hydrodistillation, but also intensification and emerging techniques such as ultrasound-assisted extraction or supercritical CO2 extraction. The effect of the operating conditions on the yield and composition of these categories of phenolic compounds and terpenes was discussed. A thorough investigation of innovative extraction techniques is indeed crucial for the extraction of phenolic compounds and terpenes from cannabis toward a sustainable industrial valorization of the whole plant.

scholarly journals The Quest for Phenolic Compounds from Macroalgae: A Review of Extraction and Identification Methodologies

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sónia A. O. Santos ◽  
Rafael Félix ◽  
Adriana C. S. Pais ◽  
Sílvia M. Rocha ◽  
Armando J. D. Silvestre
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Data ◽  
Brown Macroalgae ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Analytical Strategies ◽  
Critical Revision ◽  
Identification Techniques ◽  
First Time

The current interest of the scientific community for the exploitation of high-value compounds from macroalgae is related to the increasing knowledge of their biological activities and health benefits. Macroalgae phenolic compounds, particularly phlorotannins, have gained particular attention due to their specific bioactivities, including antioxidant, antiproliferative, or antidiabetic. Notwithstanding, the characterization of macroalgae phenolic compounds is a multi-step task, with high challenges associated with their isolation and characterization, due to the highly complex and polysaccharide-rich matrix of macroalgae. Therefore, this fraction is far from being fully explored. In fact, a critical revision of the extraction and characterization methodologies already used in the analysis of phenolic compounds from macroalgae is lacking in the literature, and it is of uttermost importance to compile validated methodologies and discourage misleading practices. The aim of this review is to discuss the state-of-the-art of phenolic compounds already identified in green, red, and brown macroalgae, reviewing their structural classification, as well as critically discussing extraction methodologies, chromatographic separation techniques, and the analytical strategies for their characterization, including information about structural identification techniques and key spectroscopic profiles. For the first time, mass spectrometry data of phlorotannins, a chemical family quite exclusive of macroalgae, is compiled and discussed.

Biological characterization of charge isomers of human growth hormone

1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Skottner ◽  
A. Forsman ◽  
B. Skoog ◽  
J. L. Kostyo ◽  
C. M. Cameron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Proteolytic Processing ◽  
Biological Characterization ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Rat Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Like Activity

Abstract. Since deamidation of the human GH molecule may alter the manner and extent to which the hormone is cleaved by proteases, and since it has been repeatedly suggested that proteolytic processing is required for the expression of certain of the activities of GH, the present study was conducted to determine whether the biological activity profiles of more acidic forms of human GH are altered. Three charge isomers, GH-b, GH-c and GH-d, representing primarily deamidated forms, were isolated from a native human GH preparation (Crescormon®) in amounts adequate for characterization of their biological activities. All three were essentially equipotent in a radioimmunoassay for human GH. When assessed for growth-promoting activity in the hypophysectomized rat, the isomers were again equipotent with each other and with the GH preparation from which they were derived. The charge isomers also had significant in vitro insulin-like activity on isolated rat adipose tissue and diabetogenic activity in the ob/ob mouse. Thus, the biological activity profiles of these charge isomers of human GH do not differ greatly from one another.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of winery wastes seeds of Vitis labrusca

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1233-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Scola ◽  
Virginia Demarchi Kappel ◽  
José Claudio Fonseca Moreira ◽  
Felipe Dal-Pizzol ◽  
Mirian Salvador
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Vitis Labrusca ◽  
Grape Seeds ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Environmental Balance ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

There are many studies about the biological activities of Vitis vinifera grape seeds, which are rich in phenolic compounds, known by their several health beneficial effects. However, until now there is no data about biological activities of the seeds of V. labrusca, specie found in South and North America. Every year, the global wine production (around 260 million hL) generates about 19.5 million ton of wastes, which are usually discarded in the environment. The aim of this research was to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extracts of seeds from wine wastes of Vitis labrusca (cv. 'Bordo' and 'Isabella'). Both extracts showed significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which are positively correlated with total phenolic content, suggesting that these compounds might be the major contributors to the biological activity of these extracts. These results indicate that water extraction from winery wastes is an option to obtain phenolic compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities helping to maintain environmental balance.

scholarly journals Using the Eurotium cristatum Fungus for Preparing Fermented Herbal Teas -

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 341-361
Author(s):  
Elena F. Shanenko ◽  
Olga V. Efremenkova ◽  
Tatiana G. Mukhamedzanova ◽  
Yu. A. Nikolaev ◽  
Tatiana A. Efimenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Apple Leaves

Background: The biological activities of dark Chinese teas are largely due to their microbial post-fermentation. Herbal teas are traditional Russian beverages that hold special value, owing to their taste and useful medicinal properties. However, no data are available in the literature on using microbial post-fermentation for enhancing their biological activity. The goal of this work was to demonstrate that the fungus Eurotium isolated from Chinese black teas can be used for the post-fermentation of herbal teas produced from bay willow and apple leaves.Methods: Eurotium cristatum was isolated from brick Chinese tea Fujan and identified using conventional methods of microbiology and molecular biology. Low molecular weight metabolites (phenols, amines, sugars, and amino acids) were determined by HPLC. E. cristatum was grown in association with the bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.Results: It was revealed to exhibit valuable biosynthetic features, such as a lack of mycotoxins, zero antimicrobial activity, and the capacity to synthesize neuroactive amines. B. amyloliquefaciens displayed a wide spectrum of antibiotic (antimicrobial and antifungal) activities that anifested themselves even with antibiotic-resistant bacteria). While growing on green unfermented tea (Camellia sp.) E. cristatum produced and modified neuroactive amines, such as dopamine, serotonin, and epinephrine. The fungus efficiently grew during the post-fermentation of herbal teas from both bay willow and apple leaves. Even though Camellia leaves substantially differed from bay willow and apple leaves in terms of phenol content, the growth of E. cristatum on Camellia was also sufficiently good. This suggests that the growth of Eurotium fungi is not influenced by the phenolic compounds. The data obtained on the composition of phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, and amino acids in the fermented plants and raw material provide evidence that the growth of the fungus proceeds depends on the hydrolysis of high molecular weight phenols and cell biopolymers in the fermented material.Conclusion: Thus, the ability of E. cristatum to grow on plant leaves of significantly different biochemical composition provides foundations for new technologies aiming to obtain post-fermented herbal teas with high biological activity that are enriched in low molecular weight compounds including biogenic amines.

scholarly journals Antituberculosis: Synthesis and theoretical study of New Schiff base ligand; 2,2'-{(5-amino-1,3-phenylene) bis[nitrilo(E)methylylidene]}dibenzene-1,4-diol

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
Kamel Mokhnache ◽  
Salim Madani ◽  
Noureddine Charef
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Schiff Base ◽  
Schiff Base Ligand ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Drug Designing ◽  
Almost All

The ability to breathe and generate adenosine triphosphate is necessary to the persistence, physiology and pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that causes TuB. By doing a theoretical study of a chemical compound, Schiff Base 2,2'-{(5-amino-1,3-phenylene) bis[nitrilo(E)methylylidene]}dibenzene-1,4-diol, where almost all biological activities have been studied theoretically exploiting a computer software PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substance) for enhancing Computer Aided Drug Designing, as well as studying the class of toxicity in the human body by GUSAR software, which showed biological activity against the tuberculosis epidemic that killed many people, and a protocol was proposed for prepared and study of the properties of this compound. Keywords: GUSAR software, Synthesis, Schiff base, Tuberculosis, Toxicity, PASS prediction.

scholarly journals Cannabinoids—Characteristics and Potential for Use in Food Production

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6723
Author(s):  
Joanna Kanabus ◽  
Marcin Bryła ◽  
Marek Roszko ◽  
Marta Modrzewska ◽  
Adam Pierzgalski
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Potential Formation ◽  
The Stability

Scientific demonstrations of the beneficial effects of non-psychoactive cannabinoids on the human body have increased the interest in foods containing hemp components. This review systematizes the latest discoveries relating to the characteristics of cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa L. var. sativa, it also presents a characterization of the mentioned plant. In this review, we present data on the opportunities and limitations of cannabinoids in food production. This article systematizes the data on the legal aspects, mainly the limits of Δ9-THC in food, the most popular analytical techniques (LC-MS and GC-MS) applied to assay cannabinoids in finished products, and the available data on the stability of cannabinoids during heating, storage, and access to light and oxygen. This may constitute a major challenge to their common use in food processing, as well as the potential formation of undesirable degradation products. Hemp-containing foods have great potential to become commercially popular among functional foods, provided that our understanding of cannabinoid stability in different food matrices and cannabinoid interactions with particular food ingredients are expanded. There remains a need for more data on the effects of technological processes and storage on cannabinoid degradation.

scholarly journals Influence of Germination Conditions and Parameters on the Content of Total Phenolic Compounds and Scavenging Activity in Germinated Seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (339) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Ilze Bernate ◽  
Martins Sabovics ◽  
Lolita Tomsone
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Sprouted Seeds ◽  
Edible Seeds ◽  
Excellent Source ◽  
Germinated Seeds

AbstractConsumers are increasingly consuming sprouted seeds due to their low calories content, nutritional value, as well as beneficial effects on human health. Sprouts contain many bioactive compounds such as minerals, fibre, vitamin C, carotenoids and phenolic compounds. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of darkness, light and time total phenolic content and scavenging activity in alfalfa (Medicago sativa), radish (Raphanus sativus), broccoli (Brassica oleracea) and hemp (Cannabis sativa) seeds during germination. The seeds were washed, soaked in water by ratio of 2:1 (water : seeds) for 12±1 h and then germinated in light and dark conditions at a temperature of 22±2 °C and a relative humidity of 85±2% for different times (12, 24, 36 and 48 hours) in a climatic chamber ICH110 (Memmert, Germany). The quality changes of germinated seeds are determined by phenol content and scavenging activity. Un-germinated seeds were used as a control. The results of current studies show that after germination the highest increase in total phenols was in radish, broccoli and alfalfa seeds. The scavenging activity (SA) was higher after 48 hours of germination in all seed types compared to un-germinated seeds both in darkness and in light. This study shows that sprouted edible seeds are an excellent source of total phenolic compounds and has a high scavenging activity.

Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activity of Croton Species (Euphorbiaceae): An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-393
Author(s):  
Fernanda W.F. Bezerra ◽  
Priscila do N. Bezerra ◽  
Mozaniel S. de Oliveira ◽  
Wanessa A. da Costa ◽  
Gracialda C. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Supercritical Fluids ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
The World ◽  
Varied Chemical

Background: Croton species are widely spread around the world, and present a varied chemical composition distributed in many classes of secondary metabolites, such as terpenoides, alkaloids, phenolic compounds and phenylpropanoids. These compounds can be obtained by different extraction methods, and more recently, with supercritical fluids. The crude and isolated extracts may have applications due to their biological activities in animals and humans. Methods: The text was written based on literature data from 1996 onwards. Results: The research showed in a concise way the botanical and taxonomic aspects of Croton and the success of its application is in studies related to the biological activities of the plant parts. It was also related to the chemical composition of its extracts and isolated compounds, obtained by many methods. Conclusion: In summary, the review feature studies reported the use of extracts and isolated Croton compounds due to their biological effects with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antitumor, anticancer, cytotoxic, insecticidal and allelopathic activities, with potential application in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals products.

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