Gallic Acid Protects from Acute Multiorgan Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide and D-galactosamine

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 1489-1504
Author(s):  
Samrat Rakshit ◽  
Satendra K. Nirala ◽  
Monika Bhadauria
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Tissue Lipids ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background: Secondary metabolites of plants, the polyphenols, play a vital role in protection from many health problems in human beings. Structurally favored phytochemicals may be studied to protect multiorgan injury. At pharmacological doses, gallic acid is nontoxic to mammals and is generally absorbed in the intestine. Aims: In this present study, gallic acid was evaluated for its protective efficacy against Lipo Polysaccharide (LPS) and d-Galactosamine (D-GalN) induced multiorgan injury, i.e., liver, kidney and brain. Methods: Three different doses of gallic acid (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg p.o.) were administered to the experimental animals for 6 consecutive days, followed by exposure to LPS (50 μg/kg I.P.) and D-GalN (300 mg/kg I.P.) on the 6th day. Discussion: Exposure to LPS and D-GalN severely increased lipid peroxidation, CYP2E1 activity and tissue lipids while lowered protein content. Gallic acid restored all these parameters towards control in dose dependent manner and 20 mg/kg dose provided the best protection. Histological study showed improved histoarchitecture of liver, kidney and brain that supported biochemical endpoints. Results: Exposure to LPS and D-GalN resulted in increased oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines. Altered hematology and serology due to LPS and D-GalN were restored towards control by gallic acid. Declined antioxidants such as reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase due to injurious effects of LPS and D-GalN were rejuvenated by gallic acid. Conclusion: Gallic acid minimized oxidative stress and provided best protection at 20 mg/kg dose against LPS and D-GalN induced multi organ acute injury.

Chikusetsu saponin V attenuates H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells through Sirt1/PGC-1α/Mn-SOD signaling pathways

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 919-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingzhi Wan ◽  
Lili Deng ◽  
Changcheng Zhang ◽  
Qin Yuan ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma ◽  
Ros Accumulation ◽  
Antioxidative Effects ◽  
Dose Dependent

Oxidative stress plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Chikusetsu saponin V (CsV), the most abundant member of saponins from Panax japonicus (SPJ), has attracted increasing attention for its potential to treat neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanisms are unclear. Our study intended to investigate the antioxidative effects of CsV in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Our data showed that CsV attenuated H2O2-induced cytotoxicity, inhibited ROS accumulation, increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GSH, and increased mitochondrial membrane potential dose-dependently. Further exploration of the mechanisms showed that CsV exhibited these effects through increasing the activation of oxidative-stress-associated factors including Sirt1, PGC-1α, and Mn-SOD. Moreover, CsV inhibited H2O2-induced down-regulation of Bcl-2 and up-regulation of Bax in a dose-dependent manner and, thus, increased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that CsV exhibited neuroprotective effects possibly through Sirt1/PGC-1α/Mn-SOD signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Dealcoholized Persimmonwine on H2O2 - Induced Oxidative Injury in H9c2 Cardiomyocytes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Jin Taek Hwang ◽  
Chan Kyu Han ◽  
Sang Yoon Choi ◽  
Sung Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
H9c2 Cardiomyocytes ◽  
Dose Dependent

<p>In this study, we investigated the antioxidant capacity of persimmon wine (PW) and dealcoholized persimmon wine (DPW). Both PW and DPW showed radical scavenging activity in the DPPH (1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay. We next analyzed the phenolic content and major compounds present in PW using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Phenolic compounds, including gallic acid, catechin, and epicatechin, were found in PW. Gallic acid was the most abundant phenolic compound (157.5 µg/ml) in PW. In addition, the protective effects of DPW and gallic acid against H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced cell injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes were investigated. Pretreatment with DPW or gallic acid strongly inhibited H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that PW and its major phenolic component, gallic acid, were effective inhibitors of oxidative stress and oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte injury.</p>

scholarly journals Cardiac Remodeling Induced by All-Trans Retinoic Acid is Detrimental in Normal Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 1449-1459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata A. C. Silva ◽  
Andréa F. Gonçalves ◽  
Priscila P. dos Santos ◽  
Bruna Rafacho ◽  
Renan F. T. Claro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Cardiac Remodeling ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Isolated Heart ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Dose Dependent

Background/Aims: This study aimed to discern whether the cardiac alterations caused by retinoic acid (RA) in normal adult rats are physiologic or pathologic. Methods and Results: Wistar rats were assigned into four groups: control animals (C, n = 20) received a standard rat chow; animals fed a diet supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg/day all-trans-RA (AR1, n = 20); animals fed a diet supplemented with 5 mg/kg/day all-trans-RA (AR2, n = 20); and animals fed a diet supplemented with 10 mg/kg/day all-trans-RA (AR3, n = 20). After 2 months, the animals were submitted to echocardiogram, isolated heart study, histology, energy metabolism status, oxidative stress condition, and the signaling pathway involved in the cardiac remodeling induced by RA. RA increased myocyte cross-sectional area in a dose-dependent manner. The treatment did not change the morphological and functional variables, assessed by echocardiogram and isolated heart study. In contrast, RA changed catalases, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidases and was associated with increased values of lipid hydroperoxide, suggesting oxidative stress. RA also reduced citrate synthase, enzymatic mitochondrial complex II, ATP synthase, and enzymes of fatty acid metabolism and was associated with increased enzymes involved in glucose use. In addition, RA increased JNK 1/2 expression, without changes in TGF-β, PI3K, AKT, NFκB, S6K, and ERK. Conclusion: In normal rats, RA induces cardiac hypertrophy in a dose-dependent manner. The non-participation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, associated with the participation of the JNK pathway, oxidative stress, and changes in energy metabolism, suggests that cardiac remodeling induced by RA supplementation is deleterious.

scholarly journals Preclinical Study on the Ameliorating Effect of L-Ascorbic Acid for the Oxidative Stress of Caused by Chronic Administration of Organic Nitrates in Cardiovascular Diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M Hamdan ◽  
Zuhair M. Mohammedsaleh ◽  
Aalaa Aboelnour ◽  
Sherif M.H. Elkhannishi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Organic Nitrates ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract PurposeThe therapeutic activity of Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) is mainly regulated by liberating nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). During this biotransformation, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation inside the red blood cells (RBCs) occur. The principal objective of our research is to explain the ameliorating effect of L-ascorbic acid for the deleterious effects of chronic administration of nitrovasodilator drugs. MethodsWe studied some biochemical parameters for the oxidative stress using groups of high sucrose/fat (HSF) diet Wistar male rats chronically orally administered ISMN. Afterwards, we evaluated the role of L-ascorbic acid against these biochemical changes. ResultsChronic treatment with organic nitrates caused elevated serum levels of lipid peroxidation, hemoglobin derivatives as methemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin, rate of hemoglobin autoxidation, the cellular levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines marker (NF-κB) and apoptosis markers (caspase-3) in myocardium muscles in a dose dependent manner. Meanwhile, such exposure caused decline in the enzymatic effect of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and catalase activity (CAT) accompanied with a decrease of in the level of mitochondrial oxidative stress marker (nrf2) in myocardium muscles and decrease in the serum iron and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) in a dose dependent manner. Concomitant treatment with L-ascorbic acid significantly diminished these changes for all examined parameters.ConclusionChronic administration of organic nitrates leads to the alteration of the level of oxidative stress factors in the myocardium tissue due to generation of reactive oxygen species. Using vitamin C can effectively ameliorate such intoxication to overcome the nitrate tolerance.

Oxidative stress biomarkers in the gills of the bivalve Mactra stultorum exposed to acrylamide

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafa Trabelsi ◽  
Chaima Fouzai ◽  
Imene Chetoui ◽  
Safa Bejaoui ◽  
Khaoula Telahigue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Protein Products ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Dose Dependent

Acrylamide (ACR) is among the most deleterious pollutants in the environment and presents a serious risk to humans and ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to assess its effects when administered at different concentrations (5, 10 and 20 mg L–1) to evaluate antioxidant status in the gills of Mactra stultorum. Our results showed, after five days of treat­ment, an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), reduced glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (Vit C) and metallothionein (MDA) levels in gills of treated clams compared with controls. Moreover, an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and a significant decrease in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were also observed. Acrylamide induced neurotoxicity, as evidenced by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, our results indicated that oxidative stress may be considered one of the mechanisms behind acrylamide toxicity in bivalves, although the subject requires more research.

scholarly journals Salvianolic Acid A Protects the Kidney against Oxidative Stress by Activating the Akt/GSK-3β/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway and Inhibiting the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-feng Zhang ◽  
Jia-hong Wang ◽  
Yan-li Wang ◽  
Cheng Gao ◽  
Yan-ting Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Salvianolic Acid ◽  
Nrf2 Signaling Pathway ◽  
Antioxidative Effects ◽  
Dose Dependent

Salvianolic acid A (SAA) is a bioactive polyphenol extracted from Salviae miltiorrhizae Bunge, which possesses a variety of pharmacological activities. In our previous study, we have demonstrated that SAA effectively attenuates kidney injury and inflammation in an established animal model of 5/6 nephrectomized (5/6Nx) rats. However, there has been limited research regarding the antioxidative effects of SAA on chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, we examined the antioxidative effects and underlying mechanisms of SAA in 5/6Nx rats. The rats were injected with SAA (2.5, 5, and 10 mg·kg-1·d-1, ip) for 28 days. Biochemical, flow cytometry, and Western blot analyses showed that SAA significantly increased the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) and lowered the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4) in a dose-dependent manner in 5/6Nx rats and in H2O2-induced HK-2 cells in vitro. Moreover, SAA enhanced the activation of the protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3β/nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Akt/GSK-3β/Nrf2) signaling pathway in a dose-dependent manner and subsequently increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the kidney of 5/6Nx rats, which were consistent with those obtained in H2O2-induced HK-2 cells in vitro shown by Western blot analysis. Furthermore, SAA significantly increased the expression of intranuclear Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins compared to HK-2 cells stimulated by LPS on the one hand, which can be enhanced by QNZ to some extent; on the other hand, SAA significantly lowered the expression of p-NF-κB p65 and ICAM-1 proteins compared to HK-2 cells stimulated by H2O2, which can be abrogated by ML385 to some extent. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that SAA effectively protects the kidney against oxidative stress in 5/6Nx rats. One of the pivotal mechanisms for the protective effects of SAA on kidney injury was mainly related with its antioxidative roles by activating the Akt/GSK-3β/Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Antioxidant activity of different extracts of Argentinian medicinal plants against arsenic-induced toxicity in renal cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
EA Soria ◽  
ME Goleniowski ◽  
JJ Cantero ◽  
GA Bongiovanni
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Renal Cells ◽  
Popular Medicine ◽  
Dose Dependent

Chronic toxicity of arsenic resulting from drinking water is a health problem encountered in humans, especially in South America and Asia, where a correlation between oxidative stress, tumor promotion, and arsenic exposure has been observed. Differential solvent extraction (petroleum ether (PE); dichloromethane (DCM); methanol (OL) and water (W)) was performed to compare the protective (antioxidant) activity of five Argentinian medicinal plants on arsenite-induced oxidative stress in Vero cells, assayed by hydroperoxide measurement. The results were analyzed using ANOVA followed by the LSD Fisher test. The data showed that arsenite was a pro-oxidant agent which acts in a time–dose-dependent manner. Extracts from Eupatorium buniifolium (PE), Lantana grisebachii (PE, W), Mandevilla pentlandiana (PE, W), and Sebastiania commersoniana (DCM, OL, W) prevented the formation of both aqueous and lipid hydroperoxides, but Heterothalamus alienus only impeded lipid ones. Therefore, antioxidant extracts are potentially beneficial and may have a protective activity against arsenite-induced renal injury. Among these, the aqueous extract of L. grisebachii may represent the most suitable preparation for humans since the traditional usage of this plant in popular medicine is through consumption of tea.

Biochemical parameters regulating forward motility initiation in vitro in goat immature epididymal spermatozoa

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijay S. Jaiswal ◽  
Gopal C. Majumder
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Heat Stable Protein ◽  
Dose Dependent

An investigation was carried out to analyse the biochemical parameters influencing forward motility (FM) initiation in vitro in the goat caput-epididymal immature spermatozoa. Forward motility was induced in approximately 55% of caput-sperm upon incubation in an alkaline (pH 8.0) modified Ringer’s solution containing theophylline (30 mM) (an inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase), dialysed epi-didymal plasma (EP) and bicarbonate. Both EP and bicarbonate induced sperm motility in a dose-dependent manner, and at saturating doses EP (0.6 mg protein mL–1) and bicarbonate (25 mM) induced FM in approx-imately 38% and 44% of the cells, respectively. The motility-promoting efficacy of EP was attributed to a heat-stable protein termed ‘forward motility protein’ (FMP). Bicarbonate served as an initiator as well as a stabilizer of FM and its action was not dependent on FMP. FMP can induce FM in the caput-sperm, but it is not essential for sperm motility initiation. Alteration of the medium pH from 6.60 to 8.00 caused a marked increase in the EP or bicarbonate-dependent sperm FM initiation, as well as intrasperm pH. At the physio-logical pH, bicarbonate served as a much more potent motility activator than FMP, although both the motility promoters showed maximal efficacy at alkaline pH (~7.8). EP as well as bicarbonate elevated the intrasperm cyclic AMP level. Unlike EP, bicarbonate is capable of increasing intrasperm pH. The intrasperm pH increased from 6.54 0.02 to 6.77 0.03 during sperm transit from caput to cauda. The data are con-sistent with the view that FMP activates sperm forward motility by enhancing the intrasperm cyclic AMP level and that extracellular bicarbonate and pH play a vital role in the initiation of sperm FM during the epi-didymal transit.

scholarly journals Damaging Effects of Bisphenol A on the Kidney and the Protection by Melatonin: Emerging Evidences from In Vivo and In Vitro Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anongporn Kobroob ◽  
Wachirasek Peerapanyasut ◽  
Nipon Chattipakorn ◽  
Orawan Wongmekiat
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Redox Equilibrium ◽  
Membrane Potential Change ◽  
Kidney Mitochondria ◽  
Dose Dependent

This study investigates the effects of bisphenol A (BPA) contamination on the kidney and the possible protection by melatonin in experimental rats and isolated mitochondrial models. Rats exposed to BPA (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg, i.p.) for 5 weeks demonstrated renal damages as evident by increased serum urea and creatinine and decreased creatinine clearance, together with the presence of proteinuria and glomerular injuries in a dose-dependent manner. These changes were associated with increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant glutathione and superoxide dismutase. Mitochondrial dysfunction was also evident as indicated by increased reactive oxygen species production, decreased membrane potential change, and mitochondrial swelling. Coadministration of melatonin resulted in the reversal of all the changes caused by BPA. Studies using isolated mitochondria showed that BPA incubation produced dose-dependent impairment in mitochondrial function. Preincubation with melatonin was able to sustain mitochondrial function and architecture and decreases oxidative stress upon exposure to BPA. The findings indicated that BPA is capable of acting directly on the kidney mitochondria, causing mitochondrial oxidative stress, dysfunction, and subsequently, leading to whole organ damage. Emerging evidence further suggests the protective benefits of melatonin against BPA nephrotoxicity, which may be mediated, in part, by its ability to diminish oxidative stress and maintain redox equilibrium within the mitochondria.

Biochemical changes and oxidative stress induced by zearalenone in the liver of pregnant rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Zhou ◽  
Y Zhang ◽  
S Yin ◽  
Z Jia ◽  
A Shan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Albumin Content ◽  
Dose Dependent

The aim of the present research was to examine the toxic influence of different doses of zearalenone (ZEN) on the liver, especially oxidative stress induced by ZEN on the liver. A total of 48 pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 4 treatments groups with 12 animals in each. The rats were fed with a normal diet treated with 0 mg/kg (control), 50 mg/kg (treatment 1), 100 mg/kg (treatment 2), or 150 mg/kg (treatment 3) ZEN in feed on gestation days (GDs) 0–7 and then all the rats were fed with a normal diet on GDs 8–20. The experimental period lasted 21 days. The results showed that exposure to ZEN induced increase in aspartate amino transferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities and decrease in total protein and albumin content in a dose-dependent manner and also induce decrease in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and increase in malondialdehyde content in a dose-dependent manner in the serum and the liver. The increased transcription of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) was detected in the liver after exposure to ZEN. These results suggested that ZEN not only caused damage in the liver of pregnant rats in a dose-dependent manner but also induced the messenger RNA expression of CYP2E1 in the liver.

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