Recent Advances of Water-Soluble Fullerene Derivatives in Biomedical Applications

Fullerenes, especially C60, exhibit great potential applications in biology field, due to their excellent antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor and other properties. Many water-soluble fullerene derivatives have been designed, synthesized and used as photo-dynamic therapy agents, antiviral agents, bioimaging agents, drug carriers and so on. This review focuses on the usage of water-soluble fullerene derivatives in biomedical field in recent years. The first half gives the preparation of water-soluble fullerene derivatives themselves with covalent bonds and non-covalent bonds. In the second half, myriad applications of water-soluble fullerene derivatives in biomedical field are introduced.

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An Up-To-Date Review on Biomedical Applications of Palladium Nanoparticles

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano10010066 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 66 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Thi Tuong Vy Phan ◽

Thanh-Canh Huynh ◽

Panchanathan Manivasagan ◽

Sudip Mondal ◽

Junghwan Oh

Keyword(s):

Optical Properties ◽

Future Development ◽

Palladium Nanoparticles ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Antitumor Agents ◽

Drug Carriers ◽

Gold Silver ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Biomedical Field ◽

Shape And Size

Palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) have intrinsic features, such as brilliant catalytic, electronic, physical, mechanical, and optical properties, as well as diversity in shape and size. The initial researches proved that PdNPs have impressive potential for the development of novel photothermal agents, photoacoustic agents, antimicrobial/antitumor agents, gene/drug carriers, prodrug activators, and biosensors. However, very few studies have taken the benefit of the unique characteristics of PdNPs for applications in the biomedical field in comparison with other metals like gold, silver, or iron. Thus, this review aims to highlight the potential applications in the biomedical field of PdNPs. From that, the review provides the perceptual vision for the future development of PdNPs in this field.

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Graphene Integrated Hydrogels Based Biomaterials in Photothermal Biomedicine

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11040906 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 906

Author(s):

Le Minh Tu Phan ◽

Thuy Anh Thu Vo ◽

Thi Xoan Hoang ◽

Sungbo Cho

Keyword(s):

Photothermal Therapy ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

High Light ◽

Conversion Materials ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Good Biocompatibility ◽

Biomedical Field ◽

Hydrogel Composites ◽

Material Fabrication ◽

Biomedical Fields

Recently, photothermal therapy (PTT) has emerged as one of the most promising biomedical strategies for different areas in the biomedical field owing to its superior advantages, such as being noninvasive, target-specific and having fewer side effects. Graphene-based hydrogels (GGels), which have excellent mechanical and optical properties, high light-to-heat conversion efficiency and good biocompatibility, have been intensively exploited as potential photothermal conversion materials. This comprehensive review summarizes the current development of graphene-integrated hydrogel composites and their application in photothermal biomedicine. The latest advances in the synthesis strategies, unique properties and potential applications of photothermal-responsive GGel nanocomposites in biomedical fields are introduced in detail. This review aims to provide a better understanding of the current progress in GGel material fabrication, photothermal properties and potential PTT-based biomedical applications, thereby aiding in more research efforts to facilitate the further advancement of photothermal biomedicine.

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Nano-Sized [60]Fullerene-Cyclodextrin Molecules

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-675-w7.3.1 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 675 ◽

Author(s):

Jeong-Seo Park ◽

Han-Chang Kang ◽

Kurt E. Geckeler

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Applications ◽

Addition Reaction ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Separation And Purification ◽

Subsequent Reaction ◽

Fullerene Derivatives ◽

Covalently Bonded ◽

Scattering Measurements ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Ft Ir Spectroscopy

ABSTRACTAs [60]fullerene is a very hydrophobic macromolecule, there have been a number of attempts to make it more hydrophilic for biomedical applications. By attaching hydrophilic moieties such as poly(oxyethylene)(POE) chains and cyclodextrin molecules to [60]fullerene, novel water-soluble and biocompatible materials have been successfully prepared [1,2].The synthesis of novel macrocyclic fullerene conjugates which are water-soluble is reported. The telechelic fullerene derivatives have been prepared via addition reaction of POE-based arms with covalently bonded β-cyclodextrin (CD) to [60]fullerene. To this end, a mono-tosylated CD derivative has been prepared in pyridine and then reacted with an amino-functional POE in the presence of triethylamine. The subsequent reaction of [60]fullerene with the hydrophilic POE-conjugated CD-derivative yielded the macrofullerene after separation and purification procedures.The macrocyclic [60]fullerene derivatives obtained were soluble in water and characterized by UV-VIS and FT-IR spectroscopy as well as light scattering measurements and thermogravimetric analysis.

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Star Polymers: An Overview

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology ◽

10.37285/ijpsn.2012.5.2.3 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 1675-1684 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rohini Anandrao Patil ◽

N H Aloorkar ◽

A S Kulkarni ◽

D J Ingale

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Applications ◽

Star Polymers ◽

Drug Carriers ◽

Large Molecules ◽

Different Types ◽

Synthesis Properties ◽

Methods Of Synthesis ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Poly Ethylene Oxide ◽

Poly Ethylene

This review article describes the synthesis, properties and some applications of star-shaped polymers. The arms constituted of homo- or co-polymers of different polymers are also reviewed. Methods of synthesis of various types of star-shaped polymers, including “arm first” and “core first” procedures, is given as an introduction along with some details. Then, the synthesis of star polymers (including miktoarm stars) with strictly defined as well as with varying number of arms and having cores formed from small and/or large molecules: branched, cross-linked, etc., is described. Interest in star-shaped and branched systems based on poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) is mainly motivated by their potential applications in the biomedical and pharmaceutical areas. The properties and applications of PEO stars are also reported, such as drug carriers, surface modifiers, hydrogels, components of membranes, and also have some biomedical applications. Their potential applications as components of different types of complexes, hydrogels, networks, and ultrathin coatings are indicated.

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Chemistry of Phosphorene: Synthesis, Functionalization and Biomedical Applications in an Update Review

Inorganics ◽

10.3390/inorganics8040029 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Monica Pica ◽

Roberto D’Amato

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Applications ◽

Present Review ◽

Single Element ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Biomedical Field ◽

Synthetic Approaches ◽

Critical Aspects

The present review aims to highlight the potential of an emerging 2D single element material: phosphorene. Attention is focused on the more recent studies on phosphorene, in terms of synthetic approaches, modification aimed at its stabilization, and potential applications in the biomedical field. Critical aspects for a practical use of phosphorene are discussed, in order to show a realistic scenario and challenges facing researchers.

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Interaction between Filler and Polymeric Matrix in Nanocomposites: Magnetic Approach and Applications

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13172998 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (17) ◽

pp. 2998 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Moises Bustamante-Torres ◽

David Romero-Fierro ◽

Belén Arcentales-Vera ◽

Samantha Pardo ◽

Emilio Bucio

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Applications ◽

Polymeric Matrix ◽

Magnetic Nanocomposites ◽

Special Focus ◽

New Materials ◽

Wide Range ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Biomedical Field ◽

Enhanced Properties ◽

Matrix Relationship

In recent years, polymer nanocomposites produced by combining nanofillers and a polymeric matrix are emerging as interesting materials. Polymeric composites have a wide range of applications due to the outstanding and enhanced properties that are obtained thanks to the introduction of nanoparticles. Therefore, understanding the filler-matrix relationship is an important factor in the continued growth of this scientific area and the development of new materials with desired properties and specific applications. Due to their performance in response to a magnetic field magnetic nanocomposites represent an important class of functional nanocomposites. Due to their properties, magnetic nanocomposites have found numerous applications in biomedical applications such as drug delivery, theranostics, etc. This article aims to provide an overview of the filler-polymeric matrix relationship, with a special focus on magnetic nanocomposites and their potential applications in the biomedical field.

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Polyelectrolyte Multi-Layered Griseofulvin Nanoparticles: Conventional versus Continuous In-Situ Layer-by-Layer Fabrication

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2021.19453 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 5611-5621

Author(s):

Sumayah Abdul-Jabbar ◽

Gary P. Martin ◽

Luigi G. Martini ◽

Jayne Lawrence ◽

Paul G. Royall

Keyword(s):

Conventional Method ◽

Electrostatic Interactions ◽

De Novo ◽

Particle Surface ◽

Drug Carriers ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Layer By Layer ◽

Polyelectrolyte Multilayer ◽

Potential Applications

Polyelectrolyte multilayers are promising drug carriers with potential applications in the delivery of poorly soluble drugs. Furthermore, the polyelectrolyte multilayer contributes towards electrostatic interactions, which enhances the physical and chemical stability of colloids when compared to those prepared by other approaches. The aim of this work was to generate a polyelectrolyte multilayer on well characterised nanoparticles of the poorly water-soluble drug, griseofulvin. Griseofulvin (GF) nanoparticles (300 nm) were produced by wet bead milling, bearing a negative surface charge due to the use of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) as a stabiliser. Six further layers of alternating chitosan and PSS polyelectrolyte multilayer were successfully generated at the particle surface either via use of: (1) the conventional method of adding excess coating polymer followed by centrifugation, or (2) the continuous in situ approach of adding sufficient amount of coating polymer. The continuous in situ method was designed de novo by the consecutive addition of polymers under high shear rate mixing. In comparison to the continuous in situ method, the conventional method yielded nanoparticles of smaller size (282 ±9 nm vs. 497 ±34 nm) and higher stability by maintaining its size for 6 months. In conclusion, the parent griseofulvin nanosuspension proved to be a suitable candidate for the polyelectrolyte multilayer fabrication providing an avenue for a bespoke formulation with versatile and potentially enhanced drug delivery properties.

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Polysaccharide-Based Aerogel Production for Biomedical Applications: A Comparative Review

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14071631 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 1631

Author(s):

Mariangela Guastaferro ◽

Ernesto Reverchon ◽

Lucia Baldino

Keyword(s):

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Supercritical Co2 ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Freeze Drying ◽

Time Interval ◽

Comparative Review ◽

Biomedical Field ◽

Low Cytotoxicity ◽

Gel Preparation ◽

Cell Adhesion And Proliferation

A comparative analysis concerning bio-based gels production, to be used for tissue regeneration, has been performed in this review. These gels are generally applied as scaffolds in the biomedical field, thanks to their morphology, low cytotoxicity, and high biocompatibility. Focusing on the time interval 2015–2020, the production of 3D scaffolds of alginate, chitosan and agarose, for skin and bone regeneration, has mainly been investigated. Traditional techniques are critically reviewed to understand their limitations and how supercritical CO2-assisted processes could overcome these drawbacks. In particular, even if freeze-drying represents the most widespread drying technique used to produce polysaccharide-based cryogels, supercritical CO2-assisted drying effectively allows preservation of the nanoporous aerogel structure and removes the organic solvent used for gel preparation. These characteristics are essential for cell adhesion and proliferation.

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Immunomodulatory Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10143185 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (14) ◽

pp. 3185

Author(s):

Linsey J. F. Peters ◽

Alexander Jans ◽

Matthias Bartneck ◽

Emiel P. C. van der Vorst

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Drug Carriers ◽

Research Field ◽

General Introduction ◽

Cellular Receptors ◽

Cellular Processes ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Current Therapies ◽

Based Medicine ◽

Physiological Systems

Atherosclerosis is the main underlying cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which remain the number one contributor to mortality worldwide. Although current therapies can slow down disease progression, no treatment is available that can fully cure or reverse atherosclerosis. Nanomedicine, which is the application of nanotechnology in medicine, is an emerging field in the treatment of many pathologies, including CVDs. It enables the production of drugs that interact with cellular receptors, and allows for controlling cellular processes after entering these cells. Nanomedicine aims to repair, control and monitor biological and physiological systems via nanoparticles (NPs), which have been shown to be efficient drug carriers. In this review we will, after a general introduction, highlight the advantages and limitations of the use of such nano-based medicine, the potential applications and targeting strategies via NPs. For example, we will provide a detailed discussion on NPs that can target relevant cellular receptors, such as integrins, or cellular processes related to atherogenesis, such as vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Furthermore, we will underline the (ongoing) clinical trials focusing on NPs in CVDs, which might bring new insights into this research field.

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