Graphene-Based Anode Nanomaterials for Microbial Fuel Cells: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Zhiwei Zhao ◽  
Boai Li ◽  
Zhengjin Weng ◽  
Yong Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Physical And Chemical

: Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a novel technology that uses biological catalysts to directly convert chemical energy in sewage organic matter into electrical energy. The performance of MFC is greatly influenced by the properties of electrode anode in MFC. Therefore, how to obtain specific electrode anode with excellent physical and chemical properties has become the focus of MFC research. Graphene has been widely concerned and gained extensive research and increasing development in the field of MFC due to its excellent electrical conductivity, catalytic properties, and outstanding specific surface area. In particular, the performance of MFCs has been improved by using graphene-based anodes instead of conventional unmodified anodes, which benefits from high biocompatibility, fast electron transfer efficiency, and preferrable bacteria colonization. In this review, various graphene-based nanomaterials are introduced as anodes in MFC, such as graphene/carbon nanocomposites, graphene/metal composite, graphene/metal oxide composite, graphene/conductive polymer composite, and three-dimensional graphene aerogels. This review also provides recent research progress in graphene-based nanomaterials, including synthesis methods, the structure, and the characteristics of these nanomaterials. Furthermore, the influences of graphene-based anodes on the electricity generation performance of MFCs are particularly reviewed to provide an efficient indication in selecting suitable graphene-based anode material for developing MFCs to realize sewage treatment.

scholarly journals Bimetallic Nanocrystals: Structure, Controllable Synthesis and Applications in Catalysis, Energy and Sensing

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1926
Author(s):  
Gaojie Li ◽  
Wenshuang Zhang ◽  
Na Luo ◽  
Zhenggang Xue ◽  
Qingmin Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Controlled Synthesis ◽  
Controllable Synthesis ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Bimetallic Nanocrystals ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In recent years, bimetallic nanocrystals have attracted great interest from many researchers. Bimetallic nanocrystals are expected to exhibit improved physical and chemical properties due to the synergistic effect between the two metals, not just a combination of two monometallic properties. More importantly, the properties of bimetallic nanocrystals are significantly affected by their morphology, structure, and atomic arrangement. Reasonable regulation of these parameters of nanocrystals can effectively control their properties and enhance their practicality in a given application. This review summarizes some recent research progress in the controlled synthesis of shape, composition and structure, as well as some important applications of bimetallic nanocrystals. We first give a brief introduction to the development of bimetals, followed by the architectural diversity of bimetallic nanocrystals. The most commonly used and typical synthesis methods are also summarized, and the possible morphologies under different conditions are also discussed. Finally, we discuss the composition-dependent and shape-dependent properties of bimetals in terms of highlighting applications such as catalysis, energy conversion, gas sensing and bio-detection applications.

Preparation, pharmacokinetic and application of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) in tumor treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Yang ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Yao Yu ◽  
Taolei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Stokes Shift ◽  
Gold Nanoclusters ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Synthesis Strategy ◽  
Physical And Chemical

: As a new type of nanomaterials, the gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) perform many special physical and chemical properties, such as large Stokes shift, relatively simple preparation, good water solubility, low toxicity and good biocompatibility, which make them show infinite potential in various fields, especially in cancer treatment. In recent years, the great progress has been made in the preparation, functionalization and biomedical applications of the AuNCs. In this article, the latest research progress and synthesis methods of the AuNCs have been summarized, emphasizing the preparation using the "bottom-up" synthesis strategy. Furthermore, we introduced the in vivo pharmacokinetic performance of the AuNCs. The last part, we exemplified the applications of the AuNCs in biomedicine, including photothermal therapy (PTT), bioimaging, drug delivery and radiotherapy sensitization, which further confirmed the great potential of the AuNCs in tumor treatment.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Applications of Functional Nanomaterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 2133 (1) ◽  
pp. 012006
Author(s):  
Yujia Li ◽  
Hanzheng Xia ◽  
Jingyi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Field Environment ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Self Assembled ◽  
Reflective Coatings ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract The unique physical and chemical properties and variable application potential of nanomaterials are continuously devoted to stimulating scientists’ studying enthusiasm. Extremely fine grains bring quantities excellent properties such as low density, low elastic modulus, high resistance and low thermal conductivity to nanomaterials, which has extensive use in the photoelectric field, environment, bioengineering and other fields. The research progress of graphene quantum dots, transparent reflective coatings and self-assembled nanotubes are mainly demonstrated. This paper shows the role of graphene quantum dots in solar cells, summarizes the synthesis methods of self-assembled nanotubes and their applications in bioengineering, and describes the development of transparent thermal reflective coatings for energy-saving glass attributed to providing relevant reference and basis for the development and research of nanomaterials.

Research Progress of Tungsten Nanorods and Nanoplatelets

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 552-555
Author(s):  
Ai Min Jiang ◽  
Xian Quan Jiang ◽  
Jin Yang ◽  
Rong Jie Yang ◽  
Rong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Vapour Deposition ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Nanostructured Tungsten Carbide ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Because of the characteristics of both one dimensional nanostructure and excellent physical and chemical properties, the kinds of novel nanomaterials-tungsten carbide nanowires, have important academic significance and practical meaning. The research development of one-dimensional nanostructured tungsten carbide is reviewed. The production methods of one-dimensional nanostructured tungsten carbide, such as nanotubes, nanorods, nanowires and nanoneedles by thermal decomposition technique, vapour deposition technique, magnetron sputtering technique, Eruptive heating technique and template technique respectively are systematically introduced. This paper summarizes the growth mechanisms and the problems involved in the existing synthesis methods. The research tendency is also forecasted.

Smart Hydrogels for Pharmaceutical Applications

2017 ◽  
pp. 1133-1164
Author(s):  
Snežana S. Ilić-Stojanović ◽  
Ljubiša B. Nikolić ◽  
Vesna D. Nikolić ◽  
Slobodan D. Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Crosslinking Degree ◽  
Color Transparency ◽  
Hydrogel Network ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Responsive Hydrogels

The latest development in the field of smart hydrogels application as drugs carriers is shown in this chapter. Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymer network consisting of at least one hydrophilic monomer. They are insoluble in water, but in the excess presence of water or physiological fluids, swell to the equilibrium state. The amount of absorbed water depends on the chemical composition and the crosslinking degree of 3D hydrogel network and reaches over 1000% of the xerogel weight. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels exhibit significant change of their properties (swelling, color, transparency, conductivity, shape) due to small changes in the external environment conditions (pH, ionic strength, temperature, light wavelength, magnetic or electric fields, ultrasound, or a combination thereof). This smart hydrogels, with different physical and chemical properties, chemical structure and technology of obtaining, show great potential for application in the pharmaceutical industry. The application of smart hydrogels is very promising and at the beginning of the development and exploitation.

scholarly journals Mapping the physical and chemical properties of the planetary nebula NGC 3242

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (S283) ◽  
pp. 448-449
Author(s):  
Hektor Monteiro ◽  
Denise Gonçalves ◽  
Marcelo Leal-Ferreira ◽  
Romano Corradi ◽  
Sebastian Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Planetary Nebula ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Chemical Abundances ◽  
Electronic Density ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Integral Field Spectroscopy ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractWe present optical integral field spectroscopy analysis of the main components, with the exception of the halo, as well as of the detected small-scale structures of the planetary nebulae NGC 3242. The observations were obtained with the VIMOS instrument attached to VLT-UT3. Spatially resolved maps of the electronic density (Ne), temperatures (Te) and chemical abundances, i.e., in a pixel to pixel fashion of the small and large-scales structures of this planetary nebula are determined in this work. These diagnostic and abundance maps represent important constraints for future detailed three dimensional photoionization modeling of the nebula, as well as providing important information on biases introduced by traditional slit observations.

scholarly journals Current Progress in Cross-Linked Peptide Self-Assemblies

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7577
Author(s):  
Noriyuki Uchida ◽  
Takahiro Muraoka
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Cell Scaffold ◽  
Scaffold Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Peptide-based fibrous supramolecular assemblies represent an emerging class of biomaterials that can realize various bioactivities and structures. Recently, a variety of peptide fibers with attractive functions have been designed together with the discovery of many peptide-based self-assembly units. Cross-linking of the peptide fibers is a key strategy to improve the functions of these materials. The cross-linking of peptide fibers forming three-dimensional networks in a dispersion can lead to changes in physical and chemical properties. Hydrogelation is a typical change caused by cross-linking, which makes it applicable to biomaterials such as cell scaffold materials. Cross-linking methods, which have been conventionally developed using water-soluble covalent polymers, are also useful in supramolecular peptide fibers. In the case of peptide fibers, unique cross-linking strategies can be designed by taking advantage of the functions of amino acids. This review focuses on the current progress in the design of cross-linked peptide fibers and their applications.

scholarly journals Visualização Volumétrica Aplicada às Geociências

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
ANDREA LOPES IESCHECK ◽  
CLAUDIA ROBBI SLUTER ◽  
RENATO ANTÔNIO DEDECEK
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Volume Visualization ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Continuous Body ◽  
Volumetric Objects ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This paper is on volume visualization of spatial data. It aims at showing new possibilities to visualize three-dimensional phenomena such as geology, soils, geophysics, seismic and the like. The use of volumes in the evaluation processes allows one to visualize and to explore the phenomenon as a continuous body in space, thus incorporating the third dimension in cartography. The volumetric visualization is a branch of scientific visualization that has shown a fast growth and its goal is to comprehend the internal structure and the behavior of three-dimensional volumetric objects. Volumetric visualization depends on the interaction. We must, therefore, interact with the volume trough rotations, cuts and other forms of graphic manipulation, seeking the complete information. The methodology of this research entails the acquisition of three-dimensional data, three-dimensional interpolation, as well as volume formation and visualization by means of three-dimensional Geographic Information System and volumetric visualization software. Soil’s data were interpolated in order to be continuously represented in three-dimensional space. The outcome of volume representations of physical and chemical properties is a new way to visualize the soil and a new source of knowledge to the study of this phenomenon.

scholarly journals Self-assembly of biopolymer films for UV protection of wood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Ivana Fabijanic ◽  
Aída Ninfa Salinas López ◽  
Long Pan ◽  
Chi-Yuan Cheng ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractThere is an increasing need for materials with tunable physical and chemical properties that are relatively non-toxic and efficacious for their intended application. Many wood stains and finishes emit toxic chemicals which may have serious implications to one’s health. A novel alternative material is realized between xanthan gum and Neodol, a non-ionic surfactant. The resulting three-dimensional film is evaluated as a free-radical scavenger for the protection of wood at different ratios. Atomic force microscopy visualizes the topography and quantifies the local nanomechanics, while rheological measurements showcase a shift from viscoelastic material to gel. Electron plasmon resonance confirms the free-radical reducing ability (3.5 times), while liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy quantifies the UV degradation of sinapyl alcohol. This material has potential, not only in coating industries as a safer option, but also in those industries requiring flexibility and tenability, namely for biosensors and anti-inflammatory therapeutics. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Targeted Chemotherapy Delivery via Gold Nanoparticles: A Scoping Review of In Vivo Studies

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1169
Author(s):  
Ștefan Morărașu ◽  
Ștefan Iacob ◽  
Ionuț Tudorancea ◽  
Sorinel Luncă ◽  
Mihail-Gabriel Dimofte
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Experimental Cancer ◽  
Therapy Option ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
System Toxicity

In the field of oncology, a lot of improvements in nanotechnology creates support for better diagnosis and therapeutic opportunities, and due to their physical and chemical properties, gold nanoparticles are highly applicable. We performed a literature review on the studies engaging the usage of gold nanoparticles on murine models with a focus on the type of the carrier, the chemotherapy drug, the target tumoral tissue and outcomes. We identified fifteen studies that fulfilled our search criteria, in which we analyzed the synthesis methods, the most used chemotherapy conjugates of gold nanoparticles in experimental cancer treatment, as well as the improved impact on tumor size and system toxicity. Due to their intrinsic traits, we conclude that chemotherapy conjugates of gold nanoparticles are promising in experimental cancer treatment and may prove to be a safer and improved therapy option than current alternatives.

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