Analysis and Comparison of RNA Pseudouridine Site Prediction Tools

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Kewei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Rna Modification ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
Site Prediction ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Prediction Tools ◽  
The Past

Background: Pseudouridine (Ψ) is the most abundant RNA modification and has important functions in a series of biological and cellular processes. Although experimental techniques have made great contributions to identify Ψ sites, they are still labor-intensive and costineffective. In the past few years, a series of computational approaches have been developed, which provided rapid and efficient approaches to identify Ψ sites. Results: To provide the readership with a clear landscape about the recent development in this important area, in this review, we summarized and compared the representative computational approaches developed for identifying Ψ sites. Moreover, future directions in computationally identifying Ψ sites were discussed as well. Conclusion: We anticipate that this review will provide novel insights into the researches on pseudouridine modification.

scholarly journals Structure Determination of Microtubules and Pili: Past, Present, and Future Directions

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Garnett ◽  
Joseph Atherton
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Computational Approaches ◽  
The Past ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
Technical Innovations

Historically proteins that form highly polymeric and filamentous assemblies have been notoriously difficult to study using high resolution structural techniques. This has been due to several factors that include structural heterogeneity, their large molecular mass, and available yields. However, over the past decade we are now seeing a major shift towards atomic resolution insight and the study of more complex heterogenous samples and in situ/ex vivo examination of multi-subunit complexes. Although supported by developments in solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (ssNMR) and computational approaches, this has primarily been due to advances in cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The study of eukaryotic microtubules and bacterial pili are good examples, and in this review, we will give an overview of the technical innovations that have enabled this transition and highlight the advancements that have been made for these two systems. Looking to the future we will also describe systems that remain difficult to study and where further technical breakthroughs are required.

Thermal-Fluid MEMS Devices: A Decade of Progress and Challenges Ahead

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (11) ◽  
pp. 1221-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Mems Devices ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Future Technology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Commercial Market ◽  
Future Technologies

Microdevices are becoming more prevalent and important in current and future technologies. Over the past decade, countless studies have been conducted in developing thermal microdevices. This paper focuses on the progress of research made during the last decade regarding heat transfer and fluid flow in microheat sinks, micropumps, microturbines, microengines, micromixers, as well as microsensors. Recent experimental techniques in the thermal microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) field have also been presented. Although some thermal MEMS devices have penetrated the commercial market, the mass implementation of thermal MEMS devices in future technology is still quite far, and is highly desirable. During the next decade, vast amounts of research need to be conducted before other microdevices can infiltrate the mainstream. Possible future directions of research have also been provided.

On Future Directions in Pathology

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Trump ◽  
Irene K. Berezesky ◽  
Raymond T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnostic Pathology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

Uneven Wear of Vehicle Tires

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Lateral Stiffness ◽  
General Increase ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Uneven Wear

Abstract Advances in tire construction have led to major increases in tire life over the past twenty years, mainly by increasing the lateral stiffness and thus reducing slip during cornering. However, this general increase in tire life has tended to highlight the problem of uneven wear. In the present paper, three new experimental techniques are described which have been developed to study treadwear distributions. These techniques are evaluated and their results compared with a finite element analysis. Taken together, they indicate some of the causes of uneven wear and may be used to identify tire design and service features which contribute to uneven wear.

Comparison and Analysis of Computational Methods for Identifying N6 - methyladenosine Sites in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengmian Feng ◽  
Lijing Feng ◽  
Chaohui Tang
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Computational Methods ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Computational Prediction ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Precise Location ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past

Background and Purpose: N 6 -methyladenosine (m6A) plays critical roles in a broad set of biological processes. Knowledge about the precise location of m6A site in the transcriptome is vital for deciphering its biological functions. Although experimental techniques have made substantial contributions to identify m6A, they are still labor intensive and time consuming. As good complements to experimental methods, in the past few years, a series of computational approaches have been proposed to identify m6A sites. Methods: In order to facilitate researchers to select appropriate methods for identifying m6A sites, it is necessary to give a comprehensive review and comparison on existing methods. Results: Since researches on m6A in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are relatively clear, in this review, we summarized recent progresses on computational prediction of m6A sites in S. cerevisiae and assessed the performance of existing computational methods. Finally, future directions of computationally identifying m6A sites were presented. Conclusion: Taken together, we anticipate that this review will provide important guides for computational analysis of m 6A modifications.

scholarly journals The Use of Autogenous Teeth for Alveolar Ridge Preservation: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1853
Author(s):  
João Cenicante ◽  
João Botelho ◽  
Vanessa Machado ◽  
José João Mendes ◽  
Paulo Mascarenhas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ridge Preservation ◽  
Graft Material ◽  
Alveolar Ridge ◽  
Natural Consequence ◽  
Oral Rehabilitation ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Alveolar Ridge Preservation ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Teeth Extraction

Alveolar ridge resorption is a natural consequence of teeth extraction, with unpleasant aesthetic and functional consequences that might compromise a future oral rehabilitation. To minimize the biological consequences of alveolar ridge resorption, several surgical procedures have been designed, the so-called alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) techniques. One important characteristic is the concomitant use of biomaterial in ARP. In the past decade, autogenous teeth as a bone graft material in post-extraction sockets have been proposed with very interesting outcomes, yet with different protocols of preparation. Here we summarize the available evidence on autogenous teeth as a biomaterial in ARP, its different protocols and future directions.

scholarly journals Small Molecule Inhibitors of Influenza Virus Entry

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Zhaoyu Chen ◽  
Qinghua Cui ◽  
Michael Caffrey ◽  
Lijun Rong ◽  
Ruikun Du
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Membrane Fusion ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Drug Target ◽  
Small Molecule Inhibitors ◽  
Virus Entry ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past

Hemagglutinin (HA) plays a critical role during influenza virus receptor binding and subsequent membrane fusion process, thus HA has become a promising drug target. For the past several decades, we and other researchers have discovered a series of HA inhibitors mainly targeting its fusion machinery. In this review, we summarize the advances in HA-targeted development of small molecule inhibitors. Moreover, we discuss the structural basis and mode of action of these inhibitors, and speculate upon future directions toward more potent inhibitors of membrane fusion and potential anti-influenza drugs.

scholarly journals The Past, Present and Future of Cannabis sativa Tissue Culture

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Adrian S. Monthony ◽  
Serena R. Page ◽  
Mohsen Hesami ◽  
Andrew Maxwell P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Drug Type

The recent legalization of Cannabis sativa L. in many regions has revealed a need for effective propagation and biotechnologies for the species. Micropropagation affords researchers and producers methods to rapidly propagate insect-/disease-/virus-free clonal plants and store germplasm and forms the basis for other biotechnologies. Despite this need, research in the area is limited due to the long history of prohibitions and restrictions. Existing literature has multiple limitations: many publications use hemp as a proxy for drug-type Cannabis when it is well established that there is significant genotype specificity; studies using drug-type cultivars are predominantly optimized using a single cultivar; most protocols have not been replicated by independent groups, and some attempts demonstrate a lack of reproducibility across genotypes. Due to culture decline and other problems, the multiplication phase of micropropagation (Stage 2) has not been fully developed in many reports. This review will provide a brief background on the history and botany of Cannabis as well as a comprehensive and critical summary of Cannabis tissue culture. Special attention will be paid to current challenges faced by researchers, the limitations of existing Cannabis micropropagation studies, and recent developments and future directions of Cannabis tissue culture technologies.

scholarly journals A Technical Study on UAV Characteristics for Precision Agriculture Applications and Associated Practical Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1204
Author(s):  
Nadia Delavarpour ◽  
Cengiz Koparan ◽  
John Nowatzki ◽  
Sreekala Bajwa ◽  
Xin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Radiometric Correction ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Technical Study ◽  
Agricultural Operations

The incorporation of advanced technologies into Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) platforms have enabled many practical applications in Precision Agriculture (PA) over the past decade. These PA tools offer capabilities that increase agricultural productivity and inputs’ efficiency and minimize operational costs simultaneously. However, these platforms also have some constraints that limit the application of UAVs in agricultural operations. The constraints include limitations in providing imagery of adequate spatial and temporal resolutions, dependency on weather conditions, and geometric and radiometric correction requirements. In this paper, a practical guide on technical characterizations of common types of UAVs used in PA is presented. This paper helps select the most suitable UAVs and on-board sensors for different agricultural operations by considering all the possible constraints. Over a hundred research studies were reviewed on UAVs applications in PA and practical challenges in monitoring and mapping field crops. We concluded by providing suggestions and future directions to overcome challenges in optimizing operational proficiency.

scholarly journals Evolution of Cancer Vaccines—Challenges, Achievements and Future Directions

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 535
Author(s):  
Ban Qi Tay ◽  
Quentin Wright ◽  
Rahul Ladwa ◽  
Christopher Perry ◽  
Graham Leggatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Tumour Antigens ◽  
Target Characteristics ◽  
Toxic Responses ◽  
Shed Light

The development of cancer vaccines has been intensively pursued over the past 50 years with modest success. However, recent advancements in the fields of genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, and immunology have renewed interest in these immunotherapies and allowed the development of promising cancer vaccine candidates. Numerous clinical trials testing the response evoked by tumour antigens, differing in origin and nature, have shed light on the desirable target characteristics capable of inducing strong tumour-specific non-toxic responses with increased potential to bring clinical benefit to patients. Novel delivery methods, ranging from a patient’s autologous dendritic cells to liposome nanoparticles, have exponentially increased the abundance and exposure of the antigenic payloads. Furthermore, growing knowledge of the mechanisms by which tumours evade the immune response has led to new approaches to reverse these roadblocks and to re-invigorate previously suppressed anti-tumour surveillance. The use of new drugs in combination with antigen-based therapies is highly targeted and may represent the future of cancer vaccines. In this review, we address the main antigens and delivery methods used to develop cancer vaccines, their clinical outcomes, and the new directions that the vaccine immunotherapy field is taking.

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