scholarly journals Heavy Metals in Sewage Treated Effluents: Pollution and Microbial Bioremediation from Arid Regions

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 352-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma K. Al-Musharafi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Essential Metals ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Sewage Effluents ◽  
Microbial Bioremediation

Not all heavy metals are toxic. Some at lower concentrations are essential to the physiological status of the organism. Under certain conditions, induced toxicity occurs when the heavy metals are in the form of cations which tends to bind to certain biomolecules, thus becoming toxic to organisms. In many industries, toxic heavy metals such as As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn, are released mainly in sewage effluents causing major environmental pollution. Several of the heavy metal contaminations resulted from industrial wastes, along with the mining and burning of fossil fuels, leading to water and soil contamination which causes serious health problems. Rapid population growth plus a steady increase in agriculture and industry are the main cause of environmental pollution. The most common sources of heavy metals are fuel combustion, mining, metallurgical industries, corrosion and waste disposal which infiltrates the soil and underground water. When present at certain levels in the human, metals can cause certain diseases. Most of conventional technologies are inefficient to remove heavy metal contaminants. Microbial bioremediation is a potential method for the removal of heavy metal pollution in sewage effluents before being discharged into the environment. However, further research is needed for isolation and identification of microbes resistant to heavy metals. Industrial regulatory standards must be established to regulate the spread of non-essential metals in the environment. The regulations must be rigidly enforced. The rest of the essential metals must also be regulated since an increase over the physiological limit can also be harmful.

scholarly journals Monitoring, Diffusion and Source Speculation Model of Urban Soil Pollution

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1339
Author(s):  
Zhichao Li ◽  
Wanchun Lu ◽  
Jilin Huang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Urban Soil ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Kriging Interpolation ◽  
Convective Dispersion

The rapid industrialization of cities has brought many challenges to the environment and resources. Industrial wastes, automobile exhaust, coal combustion soot and other pollutants accumulate in urban soil, and the characteristics of urban soil are changed, causing many pollutants to accumulate in the urban soil environment. Heavy metals are toxic and harmful pollutants existing in soil that cannot be biodegraded or thermally degraded; thus, heavy metals pose a threat to environmental quality and humans. To solve the environmental pollution of soil heavy metals, we utilize kriging interpolation to determine the geological distribution of the environmental pollution of metal elements and analyze the main causes of soil heavy metal pollution. Next, the propagation characteristics and diffusion process of heavy metal pollutants are thoroughly analyzed; in addition, an improved one-dimensional convective dispersion model and an improved air subsidence model are established, and real urban soil data are taken as an example for the fitting test. The results show that the improved models that consider more factors, such as adsorption or decomposition factors during the process of convective dispersion, absorption and expulsion factors of the crop root and topographic factors and height changes during the process of air subsidence, are effective. This paper is helpful for distinguishing the primary pollution sources and migration routes of soil metal element pollution and provides a certain reference value for protecting the environment and reducing heavy metal pollution.

Metals Removal and Recovery by Arthrobacter sp. Biomass

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2149-2152 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Grappelli ◽  
L. Campanella ◽  
E. Cardarelli ◽  
F. Mazzei ◽  
M. Cordatore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Real Possibility ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Metal Capture ◽  
Accumulation Of Metals ◽  
Removal And Recovery

Experiments on the real possibility of employing microorganisms to capture inorganic polluting substances, mainly heavy metals from urban and industrial wastes, are running using bacteria biomass. Many strains of Arthrobacter spp., gram-negative bacteria, diffused in the soil also inacondition of environmental stresses, have been proved to be particulary effective in heavy metal capture (Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn). The active and passive processes in accumulation of metals by bacteria were studied. Our experiments have been done on fluid biomass and on a membrane both for practical use and for an easy recovery.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Heavy Metal Tolerant Bacteria from Tannery Effluents

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
M Iqbal Hossain ◽  
M Nural Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Bacillus Firmus ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Metal Tolerant Bacteria

The aim and objective of the study was to isolate and characterize heavy metal tolerant microorganisms from tannery effluents. Six effluent samples were collected aseptically and their physical and chemical parameters were determined. A total of 40 bacterial colonies were isolated from these effluent samples. Among them, six bacterial isolates were characterized provisionally as Alcaligenes aquamarinus, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus firmus, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas alcaligens and Pseudomonas mendocina based on morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. The survibality and tolerance to heavy metals (Cr and Cu) of these isolates were examined. All the isolates were found to grow at high concentration of CuSO4 (95ppm/ml) and varying degrees of chromium (K2Cr2O7). The highest tolerance was shown by Alcaligenes aquamarinus. These heavy metal tolerant organisms could be potential agents for bioremediation of heavy metals polluted environment.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 29, Number 1, June 2012, pp 23-26

Distribution of heavy metals in seawater, sediment and biota of Jinhae Bay, Korea

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Chan-Won ◽  
Kwon Young-Tack
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Zinc Cadmium ◽  
Jinhae Bay ◽  
Copper Lead

Over the past two decades, the coastal waters of Jinhae Bay have been extensively used by coastal communities and industries for the disposal of domestic and various industrial wastes, therefore increasing the level of pollutants in coastal waters with a subsequent increase in sediments, especially of heavy metals. Specific objectives of this research are to investigate the distribution of heavy metal concentration in biota, to compare the concentrations with those in sediment and water and to relate the bioconcentration to the different heavy metals in biota obtained from several sites. Sixty one percent of heavy metals was found in particulate form during the high runoff season and 32% during the dry season. The behavior of the particulate metals after flowing in to the enclosed coastal sea is an important factor in heavy metal contamination. Copper, lead and chromium contamination of sediment was revealed at several sites. The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of zinc, cadmium, copper, nickel, chromium and lead by the mussel (Mytilus edulis) were determined as 2,900, 2,814, 807, 423, 228 and 127 in the decreasing order, respectively. The areas located nearest to highly populated city and industries exhibited mussels with the largest accumulation of copper, lead and chromium.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Concentration in Contaminated Soils from Southern Part of Romania

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana FLORESCU ◽  
Andreea IORDACHE ◽  
Claudia SANDRU ◽  
Elena HORJ ◽  
Roxana IONETE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Contamination Of Soils

As a result of accidental spills or leaks, industrial wastes may enter in soil and in streams. Some of the contaminants may not be completely removed by treatment processes; therefore, they could become a problem for these sources. The use of synthetic products (e.g. pesticides, paints, batteries, industrial waste, and land application of industrial or domestic sludge) can result in heavy metal contamination of soils.

scholarly journals Microbial bioremediation of heavy metals

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
Ana Volaric ◽  
Zorica Svircev ◽  
Dragana Tamindzija ◽  
Dragan Radnovic
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Microbial Bioremediation ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Heavy metal pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems, due to metal ions persistence, bioavailability, and toxicity. There are many conventional physical and chemical techniques traditionally used for environmental clean-up. Due to several drawbacks regarding these methods, the use of living organisms, or bioremediation, is becoming more prevalent. Biotechnological application of microorganisms is already successfully implemented and is in constant development, with many microbial strains successfully removing heavy metals. This paper provides an overview of the main heavy metal characteristics and describes the interactions with microorganisms. Key heavy metal resistance mechanisms in microorganisms are described, as well as the main principles and types of heavy metal bioremediation methods, with details on successful pilot scale bioreactor studies. Special attention should be given to indigenous bacteria isolated from the polluted environments since such species are already adapted to contamination and possess resistance mechanisms. Utilization of bacterial biofilms or consortia could be advantageous due to higher resistance and a combination of several metabolic pathways, and thus, the possibility to remove several heavy metals simultaneously. Novel technologies covered in this review, such as nanotechnology, genetic engineering, and metagenomics, are being introduced to the field of bioremediation in order to improve the process. To conclude, bioremediation is a potentially powerful solution for cleaning the environment.

scholarly journals A Review on Practical Application and Potentials of Phytohormone-Producing Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria for Inducing Heavy Metal Tolerance in Crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farheen Nazli ◽  
Adnan Mustafa ◽  
Maqshoof Ahmad ◽  
Azhar Hussain ◽  
Moazzam Jamil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Tolerance ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Heavy Metals In Soils

Water scarcity and high input costs have compelled farmers to use untreated wastewater and industrial effluents to increase profitability of their farms. Normally, these effluents improve crop productivity by serving as carbon source for microbes, providing nutrients to plants and microbes, and improving soil physicochemical and biological properties. They, however, may also contain significant concentrations of potential heavy metals, the main inorganic pollutants affecting plant systems, in addition to soil deterioration. The continuous use of untreated industrial wastes and agrochemicals may lead to accumulation of phytotoxic concentration of heavy metals in soils. Phytotoxic concentration of heavy metals in soils has been reported in Pakistan along the road sides and around metropolitan areas, which may cause its higher accumulation in edible plant parts. A number of bacterial that can induce heavy metal tolerance in plants due to their ability to produce phytohormones strains have been reported. Inoculation of crop plants with these microbes can help to improve their growth and productivity under normal, as well as stressed, conditions. This review reports the recent developments in heavy metal pollution as one of the major inorganic sources, the response of plants to these contaminants, and heavy metal stress mitigation strategies. We have also summarized the exogenous application of phytohormones and, more importantly, the use of phytohormone-producing, heavy metal-tolerant rhizobacteria as one of the recent tools to deal with heavy metal contamination and improvement in productivity of agricultural systems.

scholarly journals Physics-Chemical Analysis on The Surface and Ground Water: A Case Study in Aceh Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
Mariana ◽  
M. Zaki ◽  
Mahidin ◽  
Asri Gani ◽  
Muhammad Rusdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
Almost All

Environment is a habitat for all living things in the universe. Therefore, it must be preserved, especially on the surface and ground water. Environmental pollution in almost all over the world recently has been in a very alarming level. The main focus of this paper is to analyze the level of pollution on the surface and ground water that is influenced by industrial activities and other human activities. The method used in this research is field and laboratory investigations, and the material analyzed is the surface water and ground water samples. The analysis shows that industrial activities and human activities carried out so far correlated to the occurrence of pollution on the surface and ground water. The analysis showed that the heavy metal Ph at the highest water level of 0.01 mg/L was recorded in Lhokseumawe City. While the highest heavy metal Ph was also found in Lhokseumawe City by 0.0076 mg/L. The results of the analysis of heavy metals in groundwater analyzed at the three locations show that Lhokseumawe City is also the highest with 0.0076 mg/L compared to Bireuen and Aceh Utara District. While Aceh Utara District has the highest pollution for heavy metals Pb of 0.004 mg/L. Thus, there needs to be a supervision in active industries so that environmental pollution can always be stable in the future.

scholarly journals Isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri toleran logam berat dari sedimen mangrove di Pengudang dan Tanjung Uban, Pulau Bintan, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Charlie Ester De Fretes ◽  
Lies Indah Sutiknowati ◽  
Dede Falahudin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Mangrove Sediment ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Isolation ◽  
Mangrove Sediments ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Removal Of Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollutants

<strong>Isolation and Identification of Heavy Metals Tolerant Bacteria from Mangrove Sediment in Pengudang and Tanjung Uban, Bintan Island, Indonesia</strong>. Bacterial searches for remediation of heavy metal pollutants continue to be carried out due to the increasing pollution in the ecosystem as a result of industrialization. This research aims to identification bacteria strains that are tolerant of heavy metals from mangrove sediments in the Pengudang and Tanjung Uban, Bintan Island in 2018. Bacterial isolation was carried out by pour plate method and purified using marine agar (MA) medium. Screening of bacterial isolates was carried out by growing isolates on MA medium with the addition of 100 ppm Pb. In addition, the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was performed on the isolates were tolerant to Pb, Cu, and Cd by addition of heavy metals in 50-1000 ppm concentrations. Identification of heavy metal tolerant isolates was carried out by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The results of bacterial isolation from mangrove sediments obtained 48 isolates used for testing the ability of heavy metals tolerant. Screening tests showed that PGD1A, PGD5A, PGD22A, PGD1B, PGD9B, PGD5C, PGD6C, TJU1, TJU5, and TJU7 isolates were heavy metal resistant. The results showed that bacterial isolated from mangrove sediments had MIC values of 800-900 ppm for Pb, 100-800 ppm for Cu and 100-200 ppm for Cd. There are 3 isolates that have high resistance to three kinds of heavy metals such as Bacillus oceanisediminis PGD1A, Vibrio alginolyticus PGD5A, and Halobacillus kuroshimensis PGD9B. This indicates that the isolate can be used efficiently for removal of heavy metals from the ecosystem.

scholarly journals Research of Heavy Metals on the Agricultural Land in Bajgora Region, Kosovo

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mensur Kelmendi ◽  
Milaim Sadiku ◽  
Sadija Kadriu ◽  
Florent Dobroshi ◽  
Liridona Igrishta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Mining District ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
World Class ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

Abstract For the first time, a survey about agricultural land focusing on the partitioning of the Pb, Cd, and Zn to the rural part of Mitrovica in northern Kosovo was made. Kosovo’s Mitrovica is one of the main industrial sites in the former Yugoslavia and a world-class mining district in Europe. The process of obtaining metals dates since 1927. From this year until 2000, the technological process of acquisition/obtaining has been accompanied by environmental pollution by creating waste landfills. These landfills are located on the outskirts of the city of Mitrovica at a distance from 1 to 4 km. In this area high levels of heavy metals in air, water, and earth were noticed. Therefore, these metal residues have a particular impact on air, earth, water, and effects on plants, animals and humans health. This situation became alarming; therefore in 2000 the production process was discontinued. During the period from 2000 to the present day, there is noticed a change of nature. Residents of the area have begun to work on agricultural lands without realizing the potential risk coming up. Despite the stagnation of industrial production, environmental pollution continues even further, especially from the landfill generated by industrial wastes. Widespread and very visible contamination mainly from Pb, Zn, Cd were found on the ground, with the highest concentrations measured near the Zveçan smelter. A significant amount of Cd, Pb, and Zn in contaminated soils/ground was quite movable/changeable, suggesting that these elements may be readily available for plants and soil/ground organisms. The main objective of this work is to address this pollution and take measures for education and information.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document