scholarly journals Abdominal Obesity Index as an Alternative Central Obesity Measurement During a Physical Examination

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Amankwah ◽  
Ryan Brunetti ◽  
Vikas Kotha ◽  
Cassidy Mercier ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Thoracic Segment ◽  
Obesity Index ◽  
Outer Circumference

Background: Although BMI (body mass index) has been widely used to determine whether an individual is underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese, its clinical usefulness for obesity study has been called into question because it does not specifically describe body fat content and distribution and has limited relevance to central obesity, which is most relevant to health risks. Although imaging techniques are used to determine central obesity, they are expensive and are thus not used in a routine physical examination of patients in medical offices. Objective: Developing an easy-to-use ABOI (Abdominal Obesity index) to measure central obesity during a physical examination. Methods: ABOI is an index utilized to assess central obesity of patients. To determine ABOI, two measurements are taken from the torso; the outer circumference of the thoracic segment, C1, at the xiphoid process and the outer circumference of the abdominal segment, C2, at the point of largest girth. The volume of the abdominal segment is divided by the volume of the thoracic segment to derive ABOI (V2/V1 = [C2]2/[C1]2). Thus, ABOI is the square of the ratio of the circumference of the abdominal segment to the circumference of the thoracic segment of the torso. Moreover, the ABOI does not concern total body weight, body height, or body shape (e.g. “apple-shaped” or “pear-shaped” body types). Instead, ABOI specifically highlights central obesity. We randomly recruited 282 subjects, ages 20-90 years, at a community health service center in Beijing, China, and determined their ABOI and BMI values. Results: The mean (standard deviation) BMI for the female and male subjects is, respectively, 24.24 kg/m2 (3.35) and 24.86 kg/m2 (3.25). For ABOI, mean (standard deviation) is 1.17 (0.16) and 1.01 (0.13) for females and males, respectively. There is no strict relationship between ABOI and BMI in the context of obesity as defined by high BMI values, and ABOI appears to be a more specific measure of central obesity than BMI. Conclusion: ABOI is a useful and distinct independent measurement of central obesity, and ABOI (possibly in combination with the waist-to-height ratio) appears to be a more specific way to assess central obesity during a physical examination.

scholarly journals The value of a simple method to decrease diagnostic errors in Turner syndrome: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedetahere Mousavi ◽  
Batool Amiri ◽  
Saidee Beigi ◽  
Mohammadreza Farzaneh
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Target Height ◽  
Simple Method

Abstract Introduction Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder in females and is the result of complete or partial loss of an X chromosome during fertilization. The missing X chromosome is originally either from the mother's ovum or the father's sperm cell. Approximately 45% of patients have the 45,X karyotype and the rest have other variants of Turner syndrome, which are either mosaicism patterns or structural abnormalities of the X chromosome. Here, we report a case of Turner syndrome that is the fifth case of Turner syndrome with balanced Robertsonian translocation of (13;14)(q10;q10), and the sixth case with 44,X chromosomes, reported in the literature thus far. Case presentation A 10.3-year-old Persian girl was brought to our clinic by her parents, with the complaint of failure to thrive and short height. She had been examined and investigated by endocrinologists since the age of 4 years, but no definite diagnosis was made. At the time of presentation, she had been through three provocative growth hormone tests and had been on no medications for about a year. Her physical examination revealed mild retrognathia and micrognathia. Initially, she was started on somatropin treatment which, after 12 months, did not appropriately improve her height velocity. Therefore, a more thorough physical examination was performed, in which high arched palate and low posterior hairline were observed. There was also a difference between target height and patient height standard deviation scores. Karyotype study was requested, and Turner syndrome was confirmed. Conclusion The diagnosis of this case was not straightforward, both because the somatic presentations were not obvious, and because the physicians had not looked for them when performing the physical examinations. This case report introduces a rare 44,X chromosome karyotype of Turner syndrome and highlights the value in using the difference between target height and patient height standard deviation scores as a simple and inexpensive tool for diagnosis of this syndrome.

scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome in Italian Obese Children and Adolescents: Stronger Association with Central Fat Depot than with Insulin Sensitivity and Birth Weight

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Brufani ◽  
Danilo Fintini ◽  
Ugo Giordano ◽  
Alberto Enrico Tozzi ◽  
Fabrizio Barbetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Obesity Index ◽  
Central Fat ◽  
Fat Depot

Aim. To evaluate whether body fat distribution, birth weight, and family history for diabetes (FHD) were associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents.Methods. A total of 439 Italian obese children and adolescents (5–18 years) were enrolled. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: prepubertal and pubertal. MetS was diagnosed according to the adapted National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. Birth weight percentile, central obesity index (measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), insulin sensitivity (ISI), and disposition index were evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine variables associated with MetS.Results. The prevalence of MetS was 17%, with higher percentage in adolescents than in children (21 versus 12%). In the overall population, central obesity index was a stronger predictor of MetS than insulin sensitivity and low birth weight. When the two groups were considered, central fat depot remained the strongest predictor of MetS, with ISI similarly influencing the probability of MetS in the two groups and birth weight being negatively associated to MetS only in pubertal individuals. Neither FHD nor degree of fatness was a significant predictor of MetS.Conclusion. Simple clinical parameters like increased abdominal adiposity and low birth weight could be useful tools to identify European obese adolescents at risk for metabolic complications.

Memoirs: Abdominal appendages in the female and copulatory appendages in the male Asellus

1938 ◽  
Vol s2-81 (321) ◽  
pp. 127-150
Author(s):  
A. E. NEEDHAM
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Embryological Study ◽  
Brood Pouch ◽  
Thoracic Segment ◽  
Asellus Aquaticus ◽  
Adult Morphology ◽  
Copulatory Apparatus ◽  
Abdominal Appendages

1. In the female Asellus aquaticus it is the first pair of pleopods which is missing and not the second pair, as was usually held. This condition is the result of an inhibition on the development of the last thoracic and first abdominal segments in later brood-pouch stages, an inhibition which is only temporary in the last thoracic segment and in the first abdominal segment of the male. 2. The resemblance between the second abdominal appendages in the female and the first pair of the male is therefore purely convergent. 3. The strong probability that the same condition holds throughout the sub-order Asellota is supported bj a comparison of adult morphology, and should be verified by embryological study. It is more usual in Crustacea for appendages to be lost at the end than in the middle of a series. 4. The structure of the copulatory apparatus of the adult male Asellus is extremely complex, and apparently closely adapted to its mode of function. In contrast the female apparatus is of the simplest. 5. Points of evolutionary and genetical interest are raised by the condition of these appendages in the two sexes.

Physical Examination of the Carpal Bones by Orthopaedic and Accident and Emergency Surgeons

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. JAYASEKERA ◽  
N. AKHTAR ◽  
J. P. COMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Carpal Bones ◽  
Carpal Bone ◽  
Median Score ◽  
Bone Surface ◽  
Surface Anatomy ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Anatomical Teaching

Our aim was to test knowledge of carpal bone surface anatomy among orthopaedic and accident and emergency surgeons. A survey of 58 surgeons was conducted. Each was asked to palpate seven points on five commonly injured carpal bones. Eight surgeons declined to participate. Five of the remaining 50 correctly palpated all surface markings. Six failed to accurately palpate even a single point. The scaphoid waist and trapezial ridge were accurately palpated by 47 surgeons. The median score for all participants was 3 correctly identified points. The majority of orthopaedic and accident and emergency surgeons do not perform an accurate physical examination of the carpal bones. The ancient art of history taking, precise physical examination and elucidation of a confident diagnosis is at risk of being replaced with tentative diagnoses and imaging techniques that are expensive and time consuming. We believe that basic anatomical teaching is inadequate.

scholarly journals Study of the weights of human heart and liver in relation with age, gender and body height

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3469
Author(s):  
K. Deepika ◽  
M. Sushma ◽  
D. Vinod Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Males And Females

Background: Normal weight of organ is one of the most important indicators to discern between normal and abnormal in the departments of Anatomy, Pathology also as in clinical medicine. Objective of the study was to examine the normal adult internal organ weights and their relationship with age, gender, body height.Methods: The present study included 100 autopsy cases from the mortuary of Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad from May 2012 to September 2013. The subjects were selected as per inclusion and exclusion criteria to avoid variations arising out of pathology. The ages ranged from 10 to 60 years and out of which 29 were females and 71 were males. The organs studied were heart and liver.Results: The weight of organs with mean+standard deviation (SD) was represented for males and females respectively; heart 294+48 / 287+44gms, liver 1404 + 191/ 1283+ 169gms.Conclusions: A positive relationship was found between organ weight with age and body height in both males and females. Organ weights in males were comparatively higher than females.

scholarly journals Kejadian Obesitas, Obesitas Sentral, dan Kelebihan Lemak Viseral pada Lansia Wanita

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Ira Maya Sofa
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Food Recall

Background: Obesity, central obesity, and visceral fat is an excessive fat that can release various types of diseases such as cardiovascular disease, stroke and can increase the risk of bone damage in the elderly. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factors of obesity, central obesity, and visceral fat in elderly women. Methods:This was an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. The samples of the study were 81 elderly women registered as member of Posyandu Lansia in the working area of Puskesmas Jagir, Wonokromo, Surabaya. The data collected using 3 times 24-hour food recall, anthropometry (body weight, body height, and waist circumference), visceral fat using Bio Impedance Analysis (BIA), and questionnaire related to subject’s characteristic. The data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Results: The results showed that the mean age of the subjects were 67.12±5.97 years old. Most of the subjects have low education (71.6%) and 87.7% of subjects didn’t work. The mean value of daily energy intake was 1074.31±298.67 kcal.  There were 34.6% obese subjects, only 17.3% subjects didn’t experience central obesity, and 28.4% of subjects had excess body visceral fat. The statistical test showed significant correlation between age with obesi (p-value=0.042), age with central obesity (p-value=0.009) but age with visceral fat had no significant correlation (p-value=0.163). Daily food intake, education, and occupation did not show significant correlation with obesity, central obesity, or visceral fat (p-value>0.05).  Conclusions: The risk for obesity and central obesity was decreased with aging in elderly but not with visceral fat.ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Obesitas, obesitas sentral, dan lemak viseral merupakan penumpukan lemak tubuh yang berlebihan dan berisiko untuk menimbulkan berbagai penyakit degeneratif seperti jantung iskemi dan stroke serta dapat meningkatkan risiko kerusakan tulang pada lansia.  Tujuan: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor risiko obesitas, obesitas sentral, dan kelebihan lemak viseral pada lansia wanita.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif.  Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah 81 lansia wanita yang menjadi anggota posyandu lansia di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Jagir, Wonokromo, Surabaya. Pengumpulan data menggunakan food recall 3 x 24 jam, antropometri (berat badan, tinggi badan, dan lingkar perut), lemak viseral menggunakan Bio Impedance Analysis (BIA), serta kuesioner terkait data diri subjek. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis regresi logistik.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menujukkan rata-rata usia subjek adalah 67,12±5,97. Sebagian besar subjek memiliki riwayat pendidikan rendah (71,6%) dan sebanyak 87,7% subjek tidak bekerja. Rata-rata asupan zat gizi subjek lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan Angka Kecukupan Gizi (AKG). Sebanyak 34,6% subjek mengalami obesitas; angka kejadian obesitas sentral yaitu 17,3%; dan 28,4% subjek memiliki lemak viseral tubuh berlebih. Uji statistik menunjukkan hubungan signifikan antara usia dengan obesitas (p-value = 0,042), usia dengan obesitas sentral (p-value = 0,009) tetapi usia dengan lemak viseral tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan (p-value = 0,163). Asupan makanan harian, pendidikan, dan pekerjaan tidak  menunjukkan hubungan signifikan dengan obesitas, obesitas sentral, maupun lemak viseral (p-value > 0,05).Kesimpulan: Pada lansia, risiko mengalami obesitas maupun obesitas sentral semakin menurun seiring dengan bertambahnya usia. Lemak viseral tidak berhubungan dengan usia.

scholarly journals Associations Between Sleep Duration, Wake-Up Time, Bedtime, and Abdominal Obesity: Results From 9559 Chinese Children Aged 7–18 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meijuan Liu ◽  
Bingyan Cao ◽  
Qipeng Luo ◽  
Qiao Wang ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Measurements

ObjectiveTo investigate the associations of sleep duration, wake-up time, bedtime, and childhood abdominal obesity, and to test whether there is a weekday/weekend difference and the potential modifying role of sex.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was based on the Students’ Constitution and Health Survey and included 9559 students (4840 boys and 4719 girls) aged 7–18 years (7227 aged 7–12 years, 2332 aged 13–18 years). They were divided into two groups (control group and group with abdominal obesity). The physical measurements included children and youth body height, body weight, and waist circumference (WC). A parent-report questionnaire was used to collect the information about parent characteristics as well as lifestyle and sleep patterns (sleep duration, bedtime, and wake-up time of weekdays and weekends) of children and youth.ResultsThe prevalence of abdominal obesity was 30.57% and the percentages of sleep duration <9 hours/day, wake-up time before 07:00 am on weekdays and weekends, bedtime after 10:00 pm on weekends were significantly higher in the group with abdominal obesity. After adjusting for confounders, sleep duration <9 hours/day on weekends was inversely related to abdominal obesity in the overall subjects, regardless of their sex and age, while bedtime after 10:00 pm on weekends was inversely related to abdominal obesity only in the overall subjects, boys, and children aged 7–12 years. Logistic regression models in all subjects showed that shorter hours of weekends sleep duration were associated with greater risks of abdominal obesity, even after adjusting for all confounders, including wake-up time and bedtime. The adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of abdominal obesity (with ≥10 hours/day as the reference group) for children with 9–10 hours/day, 8–9 hours/day, and <8 hours/day of weekend sleep duration were 1.23 (1.04–1.46), 1.59 (1.32–1.91) and 1.83 (1.42–2.36), respectively. Specifically, after stratification by sex and age, this phenomenon was only observed in boys and children aged 7–12 years.ConclusionsSleep duration and bedtime on weekends were independently associated with the risk of childhood abdominal obesity, particularly in boys and children aged 7–12 years.

scholarly journals Study on Tullbergiidae of Tibet, China I. Metaphorura, Mesaphorura and Prabhergia (Hexapoda, Collembola)

ZooKeys ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Yun Bu ◽  
Yan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Thoracic Segment ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Median Process ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sensory Seta ◽  
Southeastern Tibet

The Tullbergiidae of Tibet is studied for the first time and the genus Metaphorura Bagnall, 1936 is firstly recorded in China. Metaphorura motuoensissp. n. from southeastern Tibet is described and illustrated. It is characterized by the presence of 1+1 pseudocelli on thoracic segment I, few vesicles (14 -16) on PAO, pseudocellar formula as 11/111/11111, all pseudocelli of type II, setae p4 on abdominal segment V as microsetae, weakly differentiated sensory seta p3 on abdominal segment V, absence of median process on Abd VI. In addition, Mesaphorura yosii (Rusek, 1967), Mesaphorura hylophila Rusek, 1982, and Prabhergia imadatei Tamura & Zhao, 1996 are recorded in Tibet for the first time. The type specimens of P. imadatei are re-examined and errors in the original description of chaetotaxy are corrected.

scholarly journals ESTRADIOL REDUCES INCORPORATION OF RADIOACTIVE SULFATE INTO CARTILAGE AND AORTAS OF RATS

1960 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Priest ◽  
R. Marlene Koplitz ◽  
Earl P. Benditt
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Segment ◽  
Thoracic Segment ◽  
Testosterone Secretion

Estradiol in large amounts reduces the incorporation of radioactive sulfate into cartilage and aortas of rats. This reduction becomes apparent within 3 days for cartilage and 3 weeks for aorta. The effect is not mediated through suppression of testosterone secretion and the hypophysis is not necessary for the effect to be demonstrated. The thoracic segment of aortas from normal rats incorporates more sulfate than does the abdominal segment and this difference is reduced following the administration of estradiol.

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