scholarly journals An Overview of Shoulder Instability and its Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 338-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Greville Farrar ◽  
Joby Jacob George Malal ◽  
Jochen Fischer ◽  
Mohammed Waseem
Keyword(s):  
Shoulder Instability ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Clear Explanation ◽  
The Common

The assessment and management of patients with instability of the shoulder joint can be challenging, due to the varying ways patients present, the array of different classification systems, the confusing terminology used and the differing potential management strategies. This review article aims to provide a clear explanation of the common concepts in shoulder instability and how they relate to the assessment and management of patients.There are sections covering the mechanisms of shoulder stability, the clinical assessment of patients and imaging techniques. Beyond that there is a discussion on the common classifications systems used and the typical management options.Some patients fall into reasonably well defined categories of classification and in these cases, the management plan is relatively easy to define. Unfortunately, other patients can elude simple classification and in these instances their management requires very careful consideration. Further research may help to facilitate a better understanding of management of the patients in this latter group.

scholarly journals Contemporary Treatment Strategy for Spinal Metastasis: The “LMNOP” System

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian R. Paton ◽  
Evan Frangou ◽  
Daryl R. Fourney
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Metastasis ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Mechanical Instability ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Prior Therapy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Choice Of Treatment

The choice of treatment for spinal metastasis is complex because (1) it depends on several inter-related clinical and radiologic factors, and (2) a wide range of management options has evolved in recent years. While radiation therapy and surgery remain the cornerstones of treatment, radiosurgery and percutaneous vertebral augmentation have also established a role. Classification systems have been developed to aid in the decision-making process, and each has different strengths and weaknesses. The comprehensive scoring systems developed to date provide an estimate of life expectancy, but do not provide much advice on the choice of treatment. We propose a new decision model that describes the key factors in formulating the management plan, while recognizing that the care of each patient remains highly individualized. The system also incorporates the latest changes in technology. The LMNOP system evaluates the number of spinal Levels involved and the Location of disease in the spine (L), Mechanical instability (M), Neurology (N), Oncology (O), Patient fitness, Prognosis and response to Prior therapy (P).

Endocrine oncology and neuroendocrine disorders

2018 ◽  
pp. 362-392
Author(s):  
Helen E. Turner ◽  
Richard Eastell ◽  
Ashley Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumour ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Ectopic Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

This chapter discusses oncological disorders of the endocrine system, including markers for diagnosis, such as chromogranin A, serum neuron-specific enolase, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). It also describes imaging techniques such as CT and endoscopy, which are matched to neuroendocrine tumour (NET) type. The chapter outlines pathogenesis, symptoms, and management options for NETs such as gastro-entero-pancreatic tumours, insulinomas, gastinomas, glucagonomas, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-secreting tumours or ‘VIPomas’, and somatostatinomas. Ectopic hormone production is described along with disorders such as syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) tumours, ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone tumours, and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) tumours, as well as their pathophysiology and respective medical management strategies. The chapter details endocrine function following chemotherapy and radiotherapy, listing associated anatomical structures and the biochemical effects of such treatments.

Ahara as Pathya and Apathya in Amlapitta - A Review.

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakshith . ◽  
Shivakumar . ◽  
Sreeharsha . ◽  
Divyasree .
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
The Core ◽  
Common Disorder ◽  
The Common

The core principles in Ayurveda give prime importance to Agni, Prakriti, Ahara (food) and Vihara (lifestyle) in maintaining health. Present era people are scheduled to one or the other works due to which they are following unrightful food and habits which lead the manifestation of one of the common disorder which troubles person a lot - Amlapitta. By excess “Hurry, Worry and Curry” GIT disorders are the most common, not only affecting physical health but also psychological and social health. Amlapitta is one of that and it is a burning problem of the whole World. Amalpitta is composed of word Amla and Pitta. Amlapitta is a very common disease caused by Vidagdha Pitta with features like Amlodgara, Tiktodgara, Hrit, Kantha Daha etc. Pathya recommended in Amlapitta are Yava, Godhuma, Purana Shali, Mudga Yusha, Lajasaktu etc. Apathya recommended in Amlapitta are Navanna, Avidugdha, Masha, Kulattha, Dadhi and etc. So this present review article throws light on Pathya (conducive) and Apathya (non conducive) in Amlapitta.

scholarly journals Contributions to Management Strategies in the NE Atlantic Regarding the Life History and Population Structure of a Key Deep-Sea Fish (Mora moro)

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Régis Santos ◽  
Wendell Medeiros-Leal ◽  
Osman Crespo ◽  
Ana Novoa-Pabon ◽  
Mário Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Life History ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fishing Impacts ◽  
Sea Fish

With the commercial fishery expansion to deeper waters, some vulnerable deep-sea species have been increasingly captured. To reduce the fishing impacts on these species, exploitation and management must be based on detailed and precise information about their biology. The common mora Mora moro has become the main deep-sea species caught by longliners in the Northeast Atlantic at depths between 600 and 1200 m. In the Azores, landings have more than doubled from the early 2000s to recent years. Despite its growing importance, its life history and population structure are poorly understood, and the current stock status has not been assessed. To better determine its distribution, biology, and long-term changes in abundance and size composition, this study analyzed a fishery-dependent and survey time series from the Azores. M. moro was found on mud and rock bottoms at depths below 300 m. A larger–deeper trend was observed, and females were larger and more abundant than males. The reproductive season took place from August to February. Abundance indices and mean sizes in the catch were marked by changes in fishing fleet operational behavior. M. moro is considered vulnerable to overfishing because it exhibits a long life span, a large size, slow growth, and a low natural mortality.

scholarly journals Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: Insights into Its Pathobiology and Molecular Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1214
Author(s):  
Ji Tu ◽  
Jose Vargas Castillo ◽  
Abhirup Das ◽  
Ashish D. Diwan
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Myelopathy ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Formidable Challenge ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy

Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM), earlier referred to as cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), is the most common and serious neurological disorder in the elderly population caused by chronic progressive compression or irritation of the spinal cord in the neck. The clinical features of DCM include localised neck pain and functional impairment of motor function in the arms, fingers and hands. If left untreated, this can lead to significant and permanent nerve damage including paralysis and death. Despite recent advancements in understanding the DCM pathology, prognosis remains poor and little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis. Moreover, there is scant evidence for the best treatment suitable for DCM patients. Decompressive surgery remains the most effective long-term treatment for this pathology, although the decision of when to perform such a procedure remains challenging. Given the fact that the aged population in the world is continuously increasing, DCM is posing a formidable challenge that needs urgent attention. Here, in this comprehensive review, we discuss the current knowledge of DCM pathology, including epidemiology, diagnosis, natural history, pathophysiology, risk factors, molecular features and treatment options. In addition to describing different scoring and classification systems used by clinicians in diagnosing DCM, we also highlight how advanced imaging techniques are being used to study the disease process. Last but not the least, we discuss several molecular underpinnings of DCM aetiology, including the cells involved and the pathways and molecules that are hallmarks of this disease.

scholarly journals Development of Resistance to Hymexazol Among Pythium Species in Cucumber Greenhouses in Oman

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab M. Al-Balushi ◽  
Hesham Agrama ◽  
Issa H. Al-Mahmooli ◽  
Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura ◽  
Abdullah M. Al-Sadi
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Integrated Disease Management ◽  
Pythium Species ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cucumber Roots ◽  
Further Development

A study was conducted to characterize the common Pythium spp. in greenhouses in Oman and their level of resistance to hymexazol, a widely used fungicide in the country. Pythium isolates were obtained from soil samples, cocopeat bags, and cucumber roots collected from seven regions in the country. Identification of 80 Pythium isolates to the species level using sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal RNA showed that they belong to four species: Pythium aphanidermatum (77 isolates), P. spinosum (1 isolate), P. myriotylum (1 isolate), and P. catenulatum (1 isolate). Investigating the aggressiveness of three Pythium spp. on cucumber showed that P. aphanidermatum, P. myriotylum, and P. spinosum are pathogenic. Phylogenetic analysis of P. aphanidermatum isolates showed that most of the isolates obtained from cocopeat clustered separately from isolates obtained from soil and roots. This may indicate a difference in the origin of the cocopeat isolates. Evaluating the resistance of 27 P. aphanidermatum isolates to hymexazol showed that most isolates were sensitive (0.9 to 31.2 mg liter−1) whereas one isolate was resistant (142.9 mg liter−1). This study is the first to report P. myriotylum and P. catenulatum in Oman. It is also the first to report the development of resistance to hymexazol among P. aphanidermatum populations from greenhouses. Growers should use integrated disease management strategies to avoid further development of resistance to hymexazol.

scholarly journals Peripheral Arteriovenous Malformations: Imaging and Endovascular Management Strategies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virender Malik ◽  
Harshith Kramadhari ◽  
Jawahar Rathod ◽  
Yadav W. Munde ◽  
Uday Bhanu Kovilapu
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Malformation ◽  
Vascular Malformation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Vascular Anomaly ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Vascular Anomalies ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Life Threatening

AbstractThe peripheral high-flow vascular malformation (HFVM) comprises arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and fistula (AVF), shows varied clinical presentation (ranging from subtle skin lesion to life-threatening congestive heart failure), and frequently poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Importance of assigning a specific diagnosis to the vascular malformation cannot be overstated, as the treatment strategy is based on the type of vascular anomaly. Although the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) classification system is the most commonly accepted system for classifying congenital vascular anomalies in clinical practice, the Cho–Do et al classification is of utmost help in guiding optimal mode of treatment in peripheral AVM. Although transarterial approach remains the most commonly employed route for peripheral AVM embolization, the role of transvenous and direct percutaneous approach is ever increasing and the final decision on the approach depends on angioarchitecture of the AVM. In this article, we review various commonly employed classification systems for congenital vascular anomalies, and describe clinical features, imaging and treatment strategies for peripheral arteriovenous malformation (PAVM).

Modeling Habitat Suitability and Management Options for Maintaining Round Whitefish (Prosopium cylindraceum) in Adirondack Ponds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Kathleen Conley ◽  
Matthew D. Schlesinger ◽  
James G. Daley ◽  
Lisa K. Holst ◽  
Timothy G. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution Model ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Nonnative Species ◽  
Simulated Population ◽  
Management Options ◽  
The Past ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Reintroduction Success ◽  
Maximum Air Temperature

Habitat loss, acid precipitation, and nonnative species have drastically reduced the number of Adirondack waterbodies occupied by round whitefish (Prosopium cylindraceum). The goal of this study was to 1) increase the probability of reintroduction success by modeling the suitability of ponds for reintroduction and 2) better understand the effects of different rates of pond reclamation. We created a species distribution model that identified 70 waterbodies that were physically similar to occupied ponds. The most influential variables for describing round whitefish habitat included trophic, temperature, and alkalinity classes; waterbody maximum depth; maximum air temperature; and surrounding soil texture and impervious surface. Next, we simulated population dynamics under a variety of treatment scenarios and compared the probability of complete extirpation using a modified Markov model. Under almost all management strategies, and under pressure from nonnative competitors like that observed in the past 30 years, the number of occupied ponds will decline over the next 100 years. However, restoring one pond every 3 years would result in a 99% chance of round whitefish persistence after 100 years.

Management inferences from a demographic analysis of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Laurentian Great Lakes

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Antonio Vélez-Espino ◽  
Robert L McLaughlin ◽  
Thomas C Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Laurentian Great Lakes ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Population Growth Rates

We use matrix models incorporating uncertainty in values of life history traits and density-dependent survival to assess pest management strategies implemented by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission to control nonnative sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Laurentian Great Lakes. The primary method of sea lamprey control has been treatment of rearing tributaries with chemical lampricides, but release of sterilized males and deployment of migratory barriers and traps are important components of the management plan. Uncertainties in the effectiveness of alternative control remain, however. Our models demonstrated that the management target of reducing lampricide use by 20% while maintaining current levels of control could be achieved if alternative methods are used to suppress current lake-wide fecundity rates by 49%–65%, assuming equal lampricide efficiency on larvae and metamorphosing individuals, or by 42%–55% when lampricide mortality on larvae is assumed to be half of that on metamorphosing individuals. At current levels of lampricide use, reduction to 72%–88% of current fecundity rates is recommended to ensure long-term control of sea lamprey populations in the face of uncertainty in current estimates of population growth rates. New control options targeting additional vital rates, such as survival of the parasitic life stage, could further reduce reliance on lampricides while maintaining effective sea lamprey control.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Imaging Characterization of Colorectal Liver Metastases

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew Maclean ◽  
Maria Tsakok ◽  
Fergus Gleeson ◽  
David J. Breen ◽  
Robert Goldin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Metastases ◽  
Colorectal Liver Metastases ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Phenotypic Characterisation ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Advanced Analysis

Colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) have heterogenous histopathological and immunohistochemical phenotypes, which are associated with variable responses to treatment and outcomes. However, this information is usually only available after resection, and therefore of limited value in treatment planning. Improved techniques for in vivo disease assessment, which can characterise the variable tumour biology, would support further personalization of management strategies. Advanced imaging of CRLM including multiparametric MRI and functional imaging techniques have the potential to provide clinically-actionable phenotypic characterisation. This includes assessment of the tumour-liver interface, internal tumour components and treatment response. Advanced analysis techniques, including radiomics and machine learning now have a growing role in assessment of imaging, providing high-dimensional imaging feature extraction which can be linked to clinical relevant tumour phenotypes, such as a the Consensus Molecular Subtypes (CMS). In this review, we outline how imaging techniques could reproducibly characterize the histopathological features of CRLM, with several matched imaging and histology examples to illustrate these features, and discuss the oncological relevance of these features. Finally, we discuss the future challenges and opportunities of CRLM imaging, with a focus on the potential value of advanced analytics including radiomics and artificial intelligence, to help inform future research in this rapidly moving field.

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