scholarly journals An Examination of Socioeconomic Determinants of Average Body Mass Indices in Rwanda

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Mutandwa
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Food Aid ◽  
Vision 2020 ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Average Body Mass

Obesity is increasingly becoming a common problem in Africa. Many studies have been pre-occupied with analyzing the causes of malnutrition whose effects are more pronounced. The main objective of this research was to determine the socio-economic factors that influence body mass indices in Rwanda. Inflation rate, body mass indices (bmi) for males and females (from 1960 to 2009) and food supply indices were obtained mainly from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAOSTAT). A double log multiple regression model was used to assess the relationship between average bmi and several predictor variables. Further tests of autocorrelation, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity and normality were carried out and subsequently corrected. Results showed that obesity is not a problem in Rwanda. However, bmi for men and women have been increasing. Food self sufficiency, fat supply and food aid had a positive and significant impact on average bmi (p<0.05) while GDP per capita and inflation rate were insignificant. These results indicate the positive impact of efforts of government of Rwanda through Vision 2020. However, food aid may be contributing to rapid bmi increases in the country.

scholarly journals PROYEKSI STOKASTIK PRODUKSI PADI DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Agnesya Dwitia ◽  
Agus Hudoyo ◽  
Adia Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
The Self ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Probability Level ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Government

Rice is the staple food for Indonesian people and Indonesia was in self-sufficiency for rice in 1984. Based on the Agricultural Ministry’s Strategic Planning for 2015 – 2019, the government targeted that the self-sufficiency in rice in 2019 by 82,078 million tons of the rice production. It is better that the production is stochastically forecasted in form of the interval of projection possibility with the certain probability level. Therefore, the objective of this research is to know the growth of rice production and to stochastically forecast it. The data used in this research is the production of rice in the period of 1961 – 2015 obtained from the Food  and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Indonesia. The research data is analyzed by econometric method. The result revealed that the rice production would be 77,487 million tons in 2019 and it was 95% confidence interval would be between 74,901 and 80,071 million tons. The growth rate of the rice production in 2018 – 2020  would be 0.6 percent per year. We could conclude that the government target of the rice production was higher than the result of stochastic forecasting.Key words: forecast, paddy, production

scholarly journals DEALING WITH OUTLIERS AND INFLUENTIAL POINTS WHILE FITTING REGRESSION

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Chuda Prasad Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
International Rice Research Institute ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Influential Points ◽  
Production Forecasting ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization

Dealing with outliers and influential points while fitting regression is recognizing them, identifying the reasons to their existence in the process and employing the best alternatives to lessen their effect to the fitted regression model. In this paper, before considering elimination of outliers and the influential points while fitting a regression, as they contain important information, issues why unusual observations (possible outliers) appear in the process and how to analyze them to detect if they were real outliers, have been discussed thoroughly. And, when detected as outliers and influential points, to investigate and eliminate their effect in the fitted model, analytic procedures; leverage value, studentized residuals and cook's distance were carefully employed to optimize a multiple regression model for rice production forecasting in Nepal. This model was fitted with 35 years (1961-1995) time series data, collected from Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Food and Agriculture Organization Statistics Database, International Rice Research Institute and Department of Hydrology and Metrology which to its end was consisted of the three predictors, price at harvest, rural population and area harvested.Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 22, Issue 1, July 2017, Page: 61-65

scholarly journals Światowy rynek nasion oleistych i produktów ich przerobu

2018 ◽  
Vol 18(33) (1) ◽  
pp. 214-223
Author(s):  
Ewa Rosiak
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Regional Growth ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
The World ◽  
America South

The article presents changes that have occurred in the global production, consumption and trade of oilseeds and their processing products in the 21st century. The analysis of changes was carried out for the six main regions of the world (Africa, Asia, North America, South America, Europe and Oceania) based on the data of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (EUROSTAT), which were aggregated to the average from 2001-2004, 2005-2007, 2008-2010 and 2011-2013. In the 21st century, the global production and consumption of oilseeds, vegetable oils and oil pellets is growing dynamically in the wake of the growing global demand for food and renewable energy, while the regional growth rate is diversified. The international turnover of these products is also growing, but the geographical directions of trade do not change significantly due to the lack of significant changes in self-sufficiency in the field of oilseeds and their processing products in derivatives regions of the world.

PERAN FAO (FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION) DALAM UPAYA MENANGGULANGI MASALAH KRISIS PANGAN DI REPUBLIK AFRIKA TENGAH TAHUN 2015-2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ani Khairunnisa ◽  
Christina Lisa Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Food Crisis ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The United Nations

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menggambarkan tentang peran United Nations atau PBB melalui FAO dalam upaya menanggulangi permasalahan krisis pangan yang terjadi di Republik Afrika Tengah pada tahun 2015 sampai dengan tahun 2017. Pembahasan difokuskan terhadap bagaimana peran dari FAO di Republik Afrika Tengah dalam rangka meminimalisir krisis pangan di Republik Afrika Tengah. Dalam penulisan skripsi ini, sang penulis menggunakan kerangka teori Human Security dengan poin Keamanan Pangan yang merupakan topik utama sekaligus alat analisa dalam penelitian ini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh sang penulis dalam penyusunan skripsi ini adalah metode kualitatif. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan oleh sang penulis dalam memperoleh data adalah melalui studi pustaka yang menelaah sejumlah buku, jurnal, dokumen, artikel ilmiah, dan media elektronik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran dan upaya yang dijalankan oleh United Nations melalui FAO memberikan hasil yang positif dalam meminimalisir krisis pangan di Republik Afrika Tengah. Hasil dari peran dan upaya FAO memberi dampak yang positif bagi pandangan masyarakat Republik Afrika Tengah terhadap FAO khususnya United Nations. FAO dalam perannya beranggapan bahwa permasalahan krisis pangan memang merupakan permasalahan yang hingga saat ini masih sulit untuk diminimalisir. Oleh karena itu United Nations dibalik peran FAO meningkatkan peran FAO dalam melakukan penanggulangan isu krisis pangan khususnya di wilayah Republik Afrika Tengah.  Kata Kunci : Krisis Pangan, Human Security, Food And Agriculture Organization.  ABSTRACTThis research describes the role of the United Nations or the United Nations through FAO in an effort to overcome the problem of the food crisis that occurred in the Central African Republic from 2015 to 2017. The discussion is focused on how the role of FAO in the Central African Republic in minimizing the food crisis in the African Republic. Middle. In writing this paper, the writer used the Human Security theoretical framework with the point of Food Safety which is the main topic as well as an analysis tool in this research. The research method used by the writer in the preparation of this paper is a qualitative method. The data collection technique used by the writer in obtaining data is through literature study which examines a number of books, journals, documents, scientific articles, and electronic media. The results of the reseearh show that the role and efforts carried out by the United Nations through FAO have produced positive results in minimizing the food crisis in the Central African Republic. The results of the role and efforts of FAO had a positive impact on the views of the people of the Central African Republic towards FAO, especially the United Nations. FAO in its role considers that the problem of the food crisis is indeed a problem which is still difficult to minimize. Therefore, behind the role of the FAO, the United Nations has increased the role of FAO in overcoming the issue of the food crisis, especially in the Central African Republic. Keywords: Food Crisis, Human Security, Food And Agriculture Organization.

Food waste and dynamic complex systems: The case of Peru and a solution model proposal Part 1: Peruvian Anchoveta (Engraulis ringens)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A Almenara
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Revenue Management ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Solution Model ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Engraulis Ringens ◽  
The United Nations

[THE MANUSCRIPT IS A DRAFT] According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO, 2020), food waste and losses comprises nearly 1.3 billion tonnes every year, which equates to around US$ 990 billion worldwide. Ironically, over 820 million people do not have enough food to eat (FAO, 2020). This gap production-consumption puts in evidence the need to reformulate certain practices such as the controversial monocropping (i.e., growing a single crop on the same land on a yearly basis), as well as to improve others such as revenue management through intelligent systems. In this first part of a series of articles, the focus is on the Peruvian anchoveta fish (Engraulis ringens).

To the Empire and Beyond

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
Southern Rhodesia ◽  
The Government ◽  
Second World

This chapter traces the expansion of industrial agricultural methods after the Second World War. Western governments and the Food and Agriculture Organization pushed for increased use of chemical fertilizers to aid development and resist Soviet encroachment. Meanwhile small groups of organic farmers and gardeners adopted Howard’s methods in the Anglo-sphere and elsewhere in the world. European movements paralleled these efforts and absorbed the basic principles of the Indore Method. British parliament debated the merits of organic farming, but Howard failed to persuade the government to adopt his policies. Southern Rhodesia, however, did implement his ideas in law. Desiccation theory aided his attempts in South Africa and elsewhere, and Louise Howard, after Albert’s death, kept alive a wide network of activists with her publications.

scholarly journals Ensuring Agricultural Sustainability through Remote Sensing in the Era of Agriculture 5.0

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5911
Author(s):  
Vanesa Martos ◽  
Ali Ahmad ◽  
Pedro Cartujo ◽  
Javier Ordoñez
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
World Population ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Zero Hunger

Timely and reliable information about crop management, production, and yield is considered of great utility by stakeholders (e.g., national and international authorities, farmers, commercial units, etc.) to ensure food safety and security. By 2050, according to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates, around 70% more production of agricultural products will be needed to fulfil the demands of the world population. Likewise, to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially the second goal of “zero hunger”, potential technologies like remote sensing (RS) need to be efficiently integrated into agriculture. The application of RS is indispensable today for a highly productive and sustainable agriculture. Therefore, the present study draws a general overview of RS technology with a special focus on the principal platforms of this technology, i.e., satellites and remotely piloted aircrafts (RPAs), and the sensors used, in relation to the 5th industrial revolution. Nevertheless, since 1957, RS technology has found applications, through the use of satellite imagery, in agriculture, which was later enriched by the incorporation of remotely piloted aircrafts (RPAs), which is further pushing the boundaries of proficiency through the upgrading of sensors capable of higher spectral, spatial, and temporal resolutions. More prominently, wireless sensor technologies (WST) have streamlined real time information acquisition and programming for respective measures. Improved algorithms and sensors can, not only add significant value to crop data acquisition, but can also devise simulations on yield, harvesting and irrigation periods, metrological data, etc., by making use of cloud computing. The RS technology generates huge sets of data that necessitate the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data to extract useful products, thereby augmenting the adeptness and efficiency of agriculture to ensure its sustainability. These technologies have made the orientation of current research towards the estimation of plant physiological traits rather than the structural parameters possible. Futuristic approaches for benefiting from these cutting-edge technologies are discussed in this study. This study can be helpful for researchers, academics, and young students aspiring to play a role in the achievement of sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Paleolithic Diet—Effect on the Health Status and Performance of Athletes?

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019
Author(s):  
Barbara Frączek ◽  
Aleksandra Pięta ◽  
Adrian Burda ◽  
Paulina Mazur-Kurach ◽  
Florentyna Tyrała
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Paleolithic Diet ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this meta-analysis was to review the impact of a Paleolithic diet (PD) on selected health indicators (body composition, lipid profile, blood pressure, and carbohydrate metabolism) in the short and long term of nutrition intervention in healthy and unhealthy adults. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of 21 full-text original human studies was conducted. Both the PD and a variety of healthy diets (control diets (CDs)) caused reduction in anthropometric parameters, both in the short and long term. For many indicators, such as weight (body mass (BM)), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC), impact was stronger and especially found in the short term. All diets caused a decrease in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG), albeit the impact of PD was stronger. Among long-term studies, only PD cased a decline in TC and LDL-C. Impact on blood pressure was observed mainly in the short term. PD caused a decrease in fasting plasma (fP) glucose, fP insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the short run, contrary to CD. In the long term, only PD caused a decrease in fP glucose and fP insulin. Lower positive impact of PD on performance was observed in the group without exercise. Positive effects of the PD on health and the lack of experiments among professional athletes require longer-term interventions to determine the effect of the Paleo diet on athletic performance.

scholarly journals Strengthening implementation of antimicrobial resistance national action plans

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Anderson ◽  
K Schulze ◽  
A Cassini ◽  
D Plauchoras ◽  
E Mossialos
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
Governance Framework ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major challenges of our time. Countries use national action plans as a mechanism to build engagement among stakeholders and coordinate a range of actions across human, animal, and environmental health. However, implementation of recommended policies such as stewardship of antimicrobials, infection prevention and control, and stimulating research and development of novel antimicrobials and alternatives remains inconsistent. Improving the quality of governance within antimicrobial resistance national action plans is an essential step to improving implementation. To date, no systematic approach to governance of national action plans on AMR exists. To address this issue, we aimed to develop the first governance framework to offer guidance for both the development and assessment of national action plans on AMR. We reviewed health system governance framework reviews to inform the basic structure of our framework, international guidance documents from WHO, the Food and Agriculture Organization, the World Organisation for Animal Health, and the European Commission, and sought the input of 25 experts from international organisations, government ministries, policy institutes, and academic institutions to develop and refine our framework. The framework consists of 18 domains with 52 indicators that are contained within three governance areas: policy design, implementation tools, and monitoring and evaluation. Countries must engage with a cyclical process of continuous design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation to achieve these aims.

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