An Improved Compact Antenna Design proposed for 5G Cellular Band

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Pathak ◽  
Guru Prasad Mishra ◽  
Biswa Binayak Mangaraj ◽  
Ashutosh Narayan
Keyword(s):  
High Gain ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Patch Antennas ◽  
Patch Area ◽  
Compact Antenna ◽  
High Data ◽  
Area Reduction ◽  
Compact Design

Several rectangular Microstrip Patch Antennas (MPAs) with different substrates are designed to achieve high gain and high data rate for the 5G cellular band. One of these which uses a Polymethacrylate / Rohacell 51 as substrate material provides a high gain of 10.054 dB and a moderate bandwidth of 80 MHz (2.28 % of f0). This MPA can be preferred for 5G cellular base station antenna in 3.3 GHz - 3.7 GHz with center frequency (f0) 3.5 GHz. Considering this high gain rectangular MPA, several compact MPAs are designed with the help of simple pin shorting and chip impedance shorting techniques. Simple pin shorting compact design provides a patch area reduction of 97.09 %, a gain of 3.77 dB, and a bandwidth of 60 MHz. Chip impedance shorting is preferred to overcome the effect of narrowband in simple shorting and rectangular MPA. One of these which provides an improved bandwidth of 170 MHz (4.86 % of f0) and significant gain of 1.51 dB with 93.575 % patch area reduction can be preferred for mobile devices for 5G cellular in 3.3 GHz - 3.7 GHz.

Coplanar waveguide-fed ISM band implantable crossed-type triangular slot antenna for biomedical applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivasan Ashok Kumar ◽  
Thangavelu Shanmuganantham
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Coplanar Waveguide ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Slot Antenna ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Ism Band ◽  
High Data ◽  
Implantable Antenna

A novel coplanar waveguide fed Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band implantable crossed-type triangular slot antenna is proposed for biomedical applications. The antenna operates at the center frequency of 2450 MHz, which is in ISM band, to support GHz wideband communication for high-data rate implantable biomedical application. The size of the antenna is 78 mm3 (10 mm × 12 mm × 0.65 mm). The simulated and measured bandwidths are 7.9 and 8.2% at the resonant frequency of 2.45 GHz. The specific absorption rate distribution induced by the implantable antenna inside a human body tissue model is evaluated. The communication between the implanted antenna and external device is also examined. The proposed antenna has substantial merits such as miniaturization, lower return loss, better impedance matching, and high gain over other implanted antennas.

A Miniaturized High-Gain (MHG) Ultra-Wideband Unidirectional Monopole Antenna for UWB Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (13) ◽  
pp. 1950230 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vijayalakshmi ◽  
G. Murugesan
Keyword(s):  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Monopole Antenna ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Defected Ground Structure ◽  
Compact Antenna ◽  
Overlay Design ◽  
Uwb Applications

A miniaturized high-gain (MHG) ultra-wideband (UWB) unidirectional monopole antenna with defected ground structure (DGS) is designed for ultra-wideband applications. The MHG antenna is printed on the FR4 substrate material with an overall size of 26.6-mm [Formula: see text] 29.3-mm [Formula: see text] 1.6-mm, which operates over the UWB frequency range and achieves the bandwidth between 3.1[Formula: see text]GHz and 10.6[Formula: see text]GHz. This high-gain unidirectional antenna exhibits a peak gain of 7.20[Formula: see text]dB with an efficiency of 95%. The compact antenna is a simple overlay design of circular and rectangular patches with the partial ground plane exhibiting high gain and better directivity. The overlay patch antenna acts as the radiator for wider bandwidth compared to the fundamental design of patch antenna and is matched to an SMA connector via 50[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] microstrip feed line. These simulated results are presented using HFSS software package. The designed antennas are fabricated and validated by using Agilent Vector Analyzer.

scholarly journals High Gain Circularly Polarized Pentagonal Microstrip for Massive MIMO Base Station

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
R. S. Bhadade ◽  
S. P. Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Axial Ratio ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Circularly Polarized

In this paper we propose a circularly polarized pentagonal microstrip antenna on a suspended substrate with coaxial probe feed and five loaded slits for Massive MIMO BS Antenna applications. Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) is one of the key component to be incorporated in the 5G cellular systems. The proposed antenna is successfully simulated using HFSS 13.0, fabricated on a FR-4 substrate and measured. The proposed antenna exhibits a much higher gain of 6.17dB, improved impedance bandwidth of 171.9 MHz (Return loss, S11= -10dB) , axial ratio bandwidth (< 3dB) of 135 MHz , patch area of 1775 mm2  , and also yields return loss better than -15 dB around the center frequency of 2.45 GHz (ISM Band). Measured characteristics of the antenna are in good agreement with the simulated results.

scholarly journals A Compact Quasi-Yagi Antenna with High Gain by Employing the Bent Arms and Split-Ring Resonators

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Wen-Ying Zhou ◽  
Zhong-Lei Mei ◽  
Mai Lu
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Ring Resonators ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Split Ring ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Split Ring Resonators ◽  
Compact Antenna ◽  
Yagi Antenna ◽  
Point To Point

A compact quasi-Yagi antenna with bent arms and split-ring resonators (SRRs) is proposed. Compared with traditional quasi-Yagi antennas employing straight arms, the resonant frequency of the proposed antenna could be always consistent with its center frequency, and there is no obvious frequency shift under the process of its miniaturization. The SRRs are adopted in the proposed compact antenna for a high gain of 6.58 dBi. The reliability verification of the proposed antenna radiation characteristics is further experimentally proved with the prototype measurement. The proposed quasi-Yagi antenna has an adjustable compact structure and low frequency offset and could be used in the precise point-to-point wireless communication environment.

Challenges and Issues in the Design of Micro-Machined Antennas - A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
Amar Partap Singh Pharwaha
Keyword(s):  
Patch Antenna ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Review Article ◽  
High Index ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Patch Antennas ◽  
Micro Machining ◽  
The Impact

Background: Patch antennas are composed of the substrate material with patch and ground plane on the both sides of the substrate. The dimensions and performance characteristics of the antenna are highly influenced by the choice of the appropriate substrate depending upon the value of their dielectric constant. Generally, low index substrate materials are used to design the patch antenna but there are also some of the applications, which require the implementation of patch antenna design on high index substrate like silicon and gallium arsenide. Objective: The objective of this article is to review the design of antennas developed on high index substrate and the problems associated with the use of these materials as substrate. Also, main challenges and solutions have been discussed to improve the performance characteristics while using the high index substrates. Method: The review article has divided into various sections including the solution of the problems associated with the high index substrates in the form of micro-machining process. Along with this, types of micro machining and their applications have discussed in detail. Results: This review article investigates the various patch antennas designed with micro-machining technology and also discusses the impact of micro-machining process on the performance parameters of the patch antennas designed on high index substrates. Conclusion: By using the micro-machining process, the performance of patch antenna improves drastically but fabrication and tolerances at such minute structures is very tedious task for the antenna designers.

scholarly journals Formation of Fractal Antenna Array for Multiband Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 3257-3263
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Antenna Array ◽  
Microstrip Antenna ◽  
Dielectric Substrate ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Fractal Antenna ◽  
Self Similarity ◽  
Wireless Applications

Antennas play a vital role in wireless communication; a thirst of excellence in this area is unending. Proposed work describes a concept of fractal multiband antenna designed in the hexagon shape. Basically fractal is the concept used in Microstrip antenna for giving better results than conventional Microstrip antenna. By using hexagonal fractal antenna we can possibly achieve the radiation pattern with high gain. The coaxial feeding is used and multiple hexagons are interconnected in array for maintaining conductivity and to preserve electrical self similarity. Hexagonal antenna is used for different wireless applications. The proposed antenna frequency band covers a large number of wireless communication applications including GPS (1.6GHz), Bluetooth (2.4 GHz) & WLAN (3.6GHz). Antenna design has been designed and simulated by using the software Ansoft’s HFSS and parameters like bandwidth return loss, directivity, VSWR are analyzed. Fabrication of the antenna is done by using wet-etching method, on FR-4 dielectric substrate material. Experimental results are taken on Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and those obtained results were compared with simulated results. The hexagonal fractal antenna array is found to possess predictable multiband characteristics.

scholarly journals High gain 5G MIMO antenna for mobile base station

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusnita Rahayu ◽  
Indah Permata Sari ◽  
Dara Incam Ramadhan ◽  
Razali Ngah
Keyword(s):  
Linear Array ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Mimo Antenna ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Mobile Base Station ◽  
Mobile Base

This article presented a millimeter wave antenna which operated at 38 GHz for 5G mobile base station. The MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) antenna consisted of 1x10 linear array configurations. The proposed antenna’s size was 88 x 98 mm^2  and printed on 1.575 mm-thick Rogers Duroid 5880 subsrate with dielectric constant of ε_r= 2.2 and loss tangent (tanδ) of 0.0009. The antenna array covered along the azimuth plane to provide the coverage to the users in omnidirection. The simulated results showed that the single element antenna had the reflection coefficient (S11) of -59 dB, less than -10 dB in the frequency range of 35.5 - 39.6 GHz. More than 4.1 GHz of impedance bandwidth was obtained. The gain of the antenna linear array was 17.8 dBi while the suppression of the side lobes was -2.7 dB.  It showed a high array gain throughout the impedance bandwidth with overall of VSWR were below 1.0646. It designed using CST microwave studio.

Handoff Management in Macro-Femto Cellular Networks

2019 ◽  
pp. 227-249
Author(s):  
Muhammad Faheem Mustafa ◽  
Ayaz Ahmad ◽  
Raheel Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Handoff Management ◽  
High Data ◽  
Cell Network ◽  
Network Operation ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Time Required

With the rapid increase in data traffic and high data rate demands from cellular users, conventional cellular networks are becoming insufficient to fulfill these requirements. Femto cells are integrated in macro cellular network to increase the capacity, coverage, and to fulfill the increasing demands of the users. Time required for handoff process between the cells became more sensitive and complex with the introduction of femto cells in the network. Public internet which connect the femto base station with the mobile core network induces higher latency if conventional handoff procedures are also employed in macro-femto cell network. So, handoff process will become slower and network operation will become insufficient. Some standards, procedures, and protocols should be defined for macro-femto cell network rather than using existing protocols. This chapter presents a comprehensive survey of handoff process, types of handoff in macro-femto cell network, and proposed methods and schemes for frequent and unnecessary handoff reduction for efficient network operation.

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