Exploration of Novel Formulations for the Treatment and Diagnosis of Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakshi Raj ◽  
Vinay Kumar ◽  
Nidhi Kala ◽  
Rishabha Malviya ◽  
Akanksha Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Treatment And Diagnosis

: The biological applications of nanoparticles have been rapidly advancing in the field of cancer detection and its treatment. Many drug delivery systems have developed and some are still developing that is based on the concept of nanotechnology for cancer diagnosis. These unique systems have the potential to diagnose, treat and terminate the chances of cancer. Captivating fields with many applications have been developed when nanotechnology gets coupled with biotechnology. In this review, many systems have been described which are based on nanotechnology used to treat cancer. Carbon nanotubes, Aptamer, Polymersomes, Dendrimers, Nanoshells and many more have been described in this review. Cancers like Brain cancer, Lung cancer and Breast cancer have been explained with their method of treatment. The review also focuses on the advantage of the different types of a system based on nanoparticles with their application in the treatment of cancer.

Prevalence of Different Types of Cancer Among Patient in Najaf Province/ Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Noor I. Abdul-Zahra ◽  
Zahraa K. Taiban
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Cancer Epidemiology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Holy City

This study was carried out in Middle Euphrates cancer center, laboratories department, Al-Najaf holy city - Iraq; Iraqi patients have been recorded during period January 2018 until December 2018. This  study has demonstrated that four different types of the following cancers: Breast cancer, brain cancer, lung cancer and Bladder cancer were registered in this study. Comparison was occured  among each type of cancer was regarded in sex,  age and number. The highest levels of cancer among all the other types were  breast and lung cancer , the majority results in cancer epidemiology for this  study, which showed 22% and 8 % respectively. While in other types, the result has showed 6%, 4.7%,for Bladder cancer, and braian cancer, respectively

Mortality in adult patients with solid or hematological cancers and SARS-CoV-2 infection with a specific focus on lung and breast malignancies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18608-e18608
Author(s):  
Marco Tagliamento ◽  
Elisa Agostinetto ◽  
Marco Bruzzone ◽  
Marcello Ceppi ◽  
Kamal S. Saini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Total N ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Hematological Tumors

e18608 Background: Patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and a diagnosis of cancer are at high risk of severe symptomatic disease (COVID-19) and death. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies, to estimate the case-fatality rate (CFR) of patients with solid or hematological tumors and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed library up to 31 January, 2021, was performed in order to identify publications reporting the CFR among adult patients with solid or hematological tumors and SARS-CoV-2 infection. CFR was defined as the rate of deaths among SARS-CoV-2-positive cancer patients. Moreover, we separately assessed the CFR among patients with lung and breast cancer. Studies with at least 10 patients were included. The CFR was assessed through a random effect model, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The Higgins I2 index was computed to assess the heterogeneity between studies. Results: The systematic search of the literaturereturned 1,727studies. 1,551 were excluded on the basis of the title, 29 based on the abstract, and 3 were duplicates. A total of 144 studies were selected, including 35,725 patients with solid or hematological tumors and SARS-CoV-2 infection. In total, 46 and 32 studies reported the CFR among COVID-19 patients with lung (total N = 1,555) and breast (total N = 1.398) cancer, respectively. Overall, the CFR was 25.5% (95% CI 23.1%-28.1%, Egger test p < 0.001). A sensitivity analysis, after excluding studies with less than 100 patients, showed a CFR of 22.1% (95% CI 19.4%-25.2%). The CFR among patients with lung cancer and SARS-CoV2 infection was 33.4% (95% CI 28.1%-39.6%) when including all studies and 26.3% (95% CI 17.6%-39.2%) at the sensitivity analysis after excluding studies with less than 100 patients. The CFR among patients with breast cancer and SARS-CoV2 infection was 13.7% (95% CI 9.1%-20.7%) when including all studies and 13.0% (95% CI 7.6%-22.1%) at the sensitivity analysis after excluding studies with less than 100 patients. Conclusions: One year after the outbreak of the pandemic, this large meta-analysis reports the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with cancer. This population experienced a high probability of mortality, with a comparatively higher CFR in patients with lung cancer, and a comparatively lower CFR in patients with breast cancer. Patients with an underlying diagnosis of cancer require special attention with aggressive preventive measures that also include early access to COVID-19 vaccination.

Time to cancer diagnosis in young women presenting to surgeons with breast-related symptoms: A population-based cohort study.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13099-e13099
Author(s):  
Tehillah S Menes ◽  
Tal Sella ◽  
Gabriel Chodick
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Breast Imaging ◽  
Breast Biopsy ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer

e13099 Background: Reports on delay to diagnosis of cancer in young women are based on retrospective studies and conflicting. The purpose of this study was to investigate time to cancer diagnosis in women presenting to a surgeon with breast-related complaints; and particularly, the role of age. Methods: A population-based cohort study including all women aged 18 to 44 presenting to a surgeon with a breast-related complaint between 2005 and 2015 in a large Israeli healthcare plan (N = 157,264). We collected data including demographics, diagnosis codes, breast imaging and biopsies. Breast cancer diagnosis within one year of the visit was ascertained from the national cancer registry. Time to breast imaging and biopsy was compared between the different age groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between age and delay to biopsy while adjusting for possible confounders. Results: During the first year after the visit, 45,434 (29%) women had a breast imaging study; 5,767 (3.7%) women had a breast biopsy; and 676 (0.43%) were diagnosed with breast cancer. Overall, time to first breast imaging (mean, 53 days) and biopsy (mean, 68 days) did not differ significantly between the age groups. Non-specific visit codes (other than breast mass) were associated with delays to imaging and biopsy. This was more pronounced in the women ultimately diagnosed with breast cancer. Among women diagnosed with breast cancer, age under 40 (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.4; 3.9), being post-partum (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1; 5.9) and a non-specific visit code (OR-8.3, 95% CI 4.9; 14.2) were associated with delay to biopsy. Conclusions: Symptomatic women with lower a-priori likelihood of breast malignancy (younger age, post-partum, or non-specific visit code) are at a significantly greater risk of delayed diagnosis of cancer. Physicians should be aware of the challenging diagnosis in young women with non-specific symptoms.

scholarly journals Lung Cancer Detection using Nearest Neighbour Classifier

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 3641-3645
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Nearest Neighbour Classifier ◽  
Lung Cancer Detection

One of the most precarious diseases is lung cancer. Lung cancer detection is one of the main challenging dilemma nowadays. Most of the cancer cells are overlies with each other. It is tough to detect the cell but also important to identify the existence of cancer cells in the early stage unless unable to prevent. According to 2018 reports, 17 million new lung cancer cases are identified worldwide. The Computer Tomography can be used for diagnosis of cancer with image processing. In this research, we proposed two steps of process for diagnosing the presence of cancer either benign or malignant. In the first step, features are extracted by using GLCM. In the second step, the lung cancer cells are classified either benign or malignant by using Nearest Neighbour classifier. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed approach performance is 98.76% classification accuracy for diagnosing the lung cancer data.

scholarly journals Brain Cancer Detection using Neuro Fuzzy Logic

2011 ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
Laxmi Ghodke ◽  
Apeksha Naik ◽  
Rahul Konale ◽  
Suchit Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Fuzzy Approach ◽  
Image Processing Techniques ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
The Given ◽  
Aided Diagnosis

This paper presents an approach of computer-aided diagnosis for early prediction of cancer cells in brain. It extracts the texture from the given brain MRI sample.It uses image processing techniques followed by neuro classification for prediction of Cancer for a given MRI sample. A neuro fuzzy approach is used for the recognition of the extracted region. The implementation is observed on various types of MRI images with different types of cancer regions.

Burden of hospitalizations associated with skeletal related events in patients with breast cancer or lung cancer and bone metastases or multiple myeloma

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 17083-17083 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lage ◽  
D. J. Harrison ◽  
B. Barber ◽  
S. Jun
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Index Date ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Continuous Coverage ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Skeletal Related Events

17083 Background: Patients with bone metastases secondary to cancer often experience skeletal related events (SREs) including pathological fracture, spinal cord compression, hypercalcemia, bone surgery or radiotherapy, or initiation of opioid analgesic use. These SREs result in major morbidity and reduced quality of life. This research examines hospitalizations associated with SREs. Methods: Data for this study were obtained from i3 LabRx Database (05/01/2000 to 03/31/2005). Individuals were included in the analyses if they had at least two diagnoses of breast cancer (based upon an ICD-9 code of 174.xx), lung cancer (162.xx), or multiple myeloma (203.0x) and had at least two diagnoses of bone metastases (198.5x) after the first diagnosis of cancer. In addition, individuals were required to have at least one SRE (based upon a previously published algorithm) on or after their initial diagnosis of bone metastases (their index date). Individuals were required to be continuously insured for at least 6 months prior to, and at least one month post their index date. Data were analyzed until 03/31/2005 or until the end of their continuous coverage, whichever occurred first. Descriptive statistics for each of these cohorts are provided. Results: A total of 1,204 individuals with breast cancer, 1,094 with lung cancer, and 258 with multiple myeloma were included in the study. The vast majority of individuals with breast cancer (96.5%), lung cancer (95.9%), or multiple myeloma (96.8%) were hospitalized. All three patient groups were likely to have SRE-related hospitalizations; multiple myeloma 43.4%, breast cancer 36.2% and lung cancer 35.6%. The average number of days per patient year that patients were hospitalized related to a diagnosis or procedure for a SRE was 6.75 days for patients with lung cancer, 6.56 days for patients with multiple myeloma, and 3.75 days for patients with breast cancer. Conclusion: Hospitalizations related to SREs are common and the number of days per year is substantial. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals The information and practices of the cancerous patients about nutrition

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1017
Author(s):  
Selma Kahraman
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
New Diagnosis

The aims of this research are to determine knowledge level of nutrition of cancerous patients, to find out nutrients which is taken by patients after suffer from a cancer.  The study was carried out as descriptive cross-sectional. The sample of study includes 150 cancer diagnosed   patients.  It  was  determined  that   the  majority  of  the  patients (81.4%) – mostly  females -  participating  in the  study  was older   than  35 years  old. It  was  identified  that the  majority of cancerous disease   had  breast  cancer  and lung  cancer (65.4%)  and  that the  majority  of   patients had  new diagnosis and cancer  diagnosis  a  month  ago   (64.7%).   The fact that  the  amount  of   fruits  that  are   necessary   to   be consumed   every  day  remains  in 45.3%  and   that  the daily  consumption  rate  of   vegetable remains  in 14 s%  also demonstrated  that   nutrition  was  inadequate; that   fish was   not   eaten.

scholarly journals Investigating the Application of Liposomes as Drug Delivery Systems for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Latifa W. Allahou ◽  
Seyed Yazdan Madani ◽  
Alexander Seifalian
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Standard Size ◽  
Passive Targeting ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Aqueous Core ◽  
Treatment And Diagnosis

Chemotherapy is the routine treatment for cancer despite the poor efficacy and associated off-target toxicity. Furthermore, therapeutic doses of chemotherapeutic agents are limited due to their lack of tissue specificity. Various developments in nanotechnology have been applied to medicine with the aim of enhancing the drug delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. One of the successful developments includes nanoparticles which are particles that range between 1 and 100 nm that may be utilized as drug delivery systems for the treatment and diagnosis of cancer as they overcome the issues associated with chemotherapy; they are highly efficacious and cause fewer side effects on healthy tissues. Other nanotechnological developments include organic nanocarriers such as liposomes which are a type of nanoparticle, although they can deviate from the standard size range of nanoparticles as they may be several hundred nanometres in size. Liposomes are small artificial spherical vesicles ranging between 30 nm and several micrometres and contain one or more concentric lipid bilayers encapsulating an aqueous core that can entrap both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Liposomes are biocompatible and low in toxicity and can be utilized to encapsulate and facilitate the intracellular delivery of chemotherapeutic agents as they are biodegradable and have reduced systemic toxicity compared with free drugs. Liposomes may be modified with PEG chains to prolong blood circulation and enable passive targeting. Grafting of targeting ligands on liposomes enables active targeting of anticancer drugs to tumour sites. In this review, we shall explore the properties of liposomes as drug delivery systems for the treatment and diagnosis of cancer. Moreover, we shall discuss the various synthesis and functionalization techniques associated with liposomes including their drug delivery, current clinical applications, and toxicology.

scholarly journals A Case of Breastfeeding With Active Breast Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Gergerich ◽  
Bethany Garling-Spychala
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Donor Milk ◽  
Geographic Barriers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Active Cancer

IntroductionPregnancy-associated breast cancer is relatively uncommon, with few guidelines for management. Women with an active breast cancer diagnosis who wish to offer their children breast milk (either first or second hand) face a number of obstacles and gaps in information.MethodThis article presents a case study and summary of current research on the topic of breastfeeding and breast cancer.Results and DiscussionDifferent types of cancer and cancer treatment influence whether a woman will be able to breastfeed. Some mothers can resume breastfeeding after treatment. If treatment is lengthy, breastfeeding may need to cease permanently. Mothers may need to take medications to help them wean. Finally some mothers may use donor milk to feed their babies once they are no longer able to breastfeed.ConclusionsFurther research is needed to determine and formalize guidelines related to the safety of breastfeeding with an active cancer diagnosis. And there is a need for increased access to breast milk for mothers who are unable to breastfeed. There are geographic barriers, as well as obstacles related to availability and cost.

scholarly journals Association of Breast Cancer Screening Behaviors With Stage at Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Potential for Additive Multi-Cancer Detection via Liquid Biopsy Screening: A Claims-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Hathaway ◽  
Peter Paetsch ◽  
Yali Li ◽  
Jincao Wu ◽  
Sam Asgarian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Claims Data ◽  
Breast Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cancer Stage ◽  
Stage At Diagnosis ◽  
Screening Mammogram ◽  
Incident Breast Cancer

PurposeTo evaluate mammography uptake and subsequent breast cancer diagnoses, as well as the prospect of additive cancer detection via a liquid biopsy multi-cancer early detection (MCED) screening test during a routine preventive care exam (PCE).MethodsPatients with incident breast cancer were identified from five years of longitudinal Blue Health Intelligence® (BHI®) claims data (2014-19) and their screening mammogram and PCE utilization were characterized. Ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the association of a biennial screening mammogram with stage at diagnosis. Additional screening opportunities for breast cancer during a PCE within two years before diagnosis were identified, and the method extrapolated to all cancers, including those without recommended screening modalities.ResultsClaims for biennial screening mammograms and the time from screening to diagnosis were found to be predictors of breast cancer stage at diagnosis. When compared to women who received a screening mammogram proximal to their breast cancer diagnosis (0-4 months), women who were adherent to guidelines but had a longer time window from their screening mammogram to diagnosis (4-24 months) had a 87% increased odds of a later-stage (stages III or IV) breast cancer diagnosis (p-value &lt;0.001), while women with no biennial screening mammogram had a 155% increased odds of a later-stage breast cancer diagnosis (p-value &lt;0.001). This highlights the importance of screening in the earlier detection of breast cancer. Of incident breast cancer cases, 23% had no evidence of a screening mammogram in the two years before diagnosis. However, 49% of these women had a PCE within that time. Thus, an additional 11% of breast cancer cases could have been screened if a MCED test had been available during a PCE. Additionally, MCED tests have the potential to target up to 58% of the top 5 cancers that are the leading causes of cancer death currently without a USPSTF recommended screening modality (prostate, pancreatic, liver, lymphoma, and ovarian cancer).ConclusionThe study used claims data to demonstrate the association of cancer screening with cancer stage at diagnosis and demonstrates the unmet potential for a MCED screening test which could be ordered during a PCE.

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