Development of main components of device for measuring residual stresses

2019 ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
N. F. Wroblewski ◽  
P. N. Gerasimov ◽  
O. A. Korotky
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Machine Elements ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Object Material ◽  
Magnetic Resistance ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of the study of the stress state of machine elements and structures in which there are residual stresses. Examines the use of overhead eddy current and magneto-elastic transducers, investigates the process of measurement of residual stresses. It is proved that the cause of measurement errors is the instability of the gap between the transducer and the surface of the object. It is proved that during calibration and measurements, the installation of the gap and its control should be carried out by the magnitude of the magnetic resistance. Undesirable effects of variable electromagnetic properties of the object material on the installation result can be eliminated by using the method of vortex currents. As a result, a device for measuring the stress state of objects made of ferromagnetic metals has been developed, which uses a magnetoelastic converter. Using the values of the frequency increment of the corresponding oscillator, it is possible to significantly reduce the impact of changes in operating conditions on the measurement result.

Cylinder-Specific Combustion Phasing Modeling for a Multiple-Cylinder Diesel Engine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbo Sui ◽  
Carrie M. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Combustion Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Integral Model ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Crank Angle ◽  
The Impact

An optimal combustion phasing leads to a high combustion efficiency and low carbon emissions in diesel engines. With the increasing complexity of diesel engines, model-based control of combustion phasing is becoming indispensable, but precise prediction of combustion phasing is required for such strategies. Since cylinder-to-cylinder variations in combustion can be more significant with advanced combustion techniques, this work focuses on developing a control-oriented combustion phasing model that can be leveraged to provide cylinder-specific estimates. The pressure and temperature of the intake gas reaching each cylinder are predicted by a semi-empirical model and the coefficients of this intake pressure and temperature model are varied from cylinder-to-cylinder. A knock integral model is leveraged to estimate the SOC (start of combustion) and the burn duration is predicted as a function of EGR fraction, equivalence ratio of fuel and residual gas fraction in a burn duration model. After that, a Wiebe function is utilized to estimate CA50 (crank angle at 50% mass of fuel has burned). This cylinder-specific combustion phasing prediction model is calibrated and validated across a variety of operating conditions. A large range of EGR fraction and fuel equivalence ratio were tested in these simulations including EGR levels from 0 to 50%, and equivalence ratios from 0.5 to 0.9. The results show that the combustion phasing prediction model can estimate CA50 with an uncertainty of ±0.5 crank angle degree in all six cylinders. The impact of measurement errors on the accuracy of the prediction model is also discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Impact of the Process Parameters, the Measurement Conditions and the Pre-Machining on the Residual Stress State of Deep Rolled Specimens

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya Lyubenova ◽  
Dirk Bähre ◽  
Lukas Krupp ◽  
Julie Fouquet ◽  
Titouan Cronier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress State ◽  
Stress Field ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Polished Surface ◽  
Deep Rolling ◽  
Residual Stress Field ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Compressive Residual Stresses

Mechanical surface treatments, e.g., deep rolling, are widely spread finishing processes due to their ability to enhance the fatigue strength of the treated materials with means of cold working and inducement of favorable compressive residual stresses. Despite of the clear advantages of deep rolling, the controlled generation of compressive residual stresses is still a challenging task, as the process can be influenced by the pre-machining stress state of the treated material. Additionally, the exact characterization of the induced residual stress field is impacted by the specific characteristics of the applied measurement technique. Therefore, this paper is focused on the X-ray diffraction residual stress analysis of deep rolled specimens, pre-machined to achieve rough or polished surface. The deep rolling process was realized as a single-trace to avoid the influence of the other process parameters and the resulted residual stress field on the surface and in depth was investigated. Additionally, the surface residual stress profiles were determined using two different measuring devices to analyze the impact of the different measurement conditions.

MODERN PROBLEMS OF ACCOUNTING AND ANALYTICAL ENSURING FINANCIAL RESULTS MANAGEMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliia Peniak ◽  
◽  
Nataliia Horokhovatska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Management ◽  
Enterprise Management ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
General Evaluation ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Results Management ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Impact

The main purpose of any enterprise in the market economy is to obtain high financial results. One of the main conditions for the effective functioning of the enterprise is ability to generate profit in the amount that will create the financial basis for further development and expansion of the enterprise, comply with social and material needs, ensure competitiveness in the market of goods and services. The need for accounting and analytical management of financial results stems from needs of owners, the state and employees in information that will enable them to identify patterns and trends in financial results, identify and assess the main factors influencing the process of their creation, distribution and usage, identify reserves and thus increase the level of profitability. Despite the significant scientific contribution in the field of research of financial results of the enterprises, the issue of improvement aims to the accounting and analytical maintenance of management of financial results of the enterprise remains actual. That is why the purpose of the study is to substantiate the theoretical and practical aspects and develop approaches to improving the mechanism of formation of accounting and analytical support for the management of financial results of the enterprise. Accounting and analytical management of financial results of the enterprise is a set of interconnected elements of production and management system, activities carried out by the subject of management, creation of a certain structure, as well as collection, accumulation, storage and analysis of information necessary for effective operation of the enterprise. The main components of the study of accounting and analytical support of financial performance management are the formation of methods of analysis, control and forecasting of financial results, which requires specification of the components of the analytical and controlled process within the organizational and information model. Namely, the formation of reliable information about the financial condition of the enterprise, the analysis of economic indicators of the enterprise is of great importance in the system of general evaluation of business entities. Their research makes it possible to assess the dynamics of the structure of income and expenses, to determine the impact of factors on the company's profit from various activities, as well as to find reserves to increase the net profit of enterprises. Thus, the improvement of accounting and analytical support of enterprise management is based on the use of modern forms, methods and principles that place new demands on the formation of unbiased, complete, timely, clear and useful accounting and analytical information about the enterprise and its financial results.

TEACH-POT: Provide Opportunities in Teaching

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Giulia Ballatore ◽  
Ettore Felisatti ◽  
Laura Montanaro ◽  
Anita Tabacco
Keyword(s):  
Academic Community ◽  
Real Effect ◽  
The Real ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Training Opportunities ◽  
Different Levels

This paper is aimed to describe and critically analyze the so-called "TEACHPOT" experience (POT: Provide Opportunities in Teaching) performed during the last few years at Politecnico di Torino. Due to career criteria, the effort and the time lecturers spend in teaching have currently undergone a significant reduction in quantity. In order to support and meet each lecturers' expectations towards an improvement in their ability to teach, a mix of training opportunities has been provided. This consists of an extremely wide variety of experiences, tools, relationships, from which everyone can feel inspired to increase the effectiveness of their teaching and the participation of their students. The provided activities are designed around three main components: methodological training, teaching technologies, methodological experiences. A discussion on the findings is included and presented basing on the data collected through a survey. The impact of the overall experience can be evaluated on two different levels: the real effect on redesigning lessons, and the discussion on the matter within the entire academic community.

Truck Tire Operating Temperatures on Flat and Curved Test Surfaces

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. LaClair ◽  
C. Zarak
Keyword(s):  
Flat Surface ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Load Pressure ◽  
Truck Tire ◽  
Endurance Testing ◽  
Operating Temperatures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tread Rubber ◽  
Cylindrical Test

Abstract Operating temperature is critical to the endurance life of a tire. Fundamental differences between operations of a tire on a flat surface, as experienced in normal highway use, and on a cylindrical test drum may result in a substantially higher tire temperature in the latter case. Nonetheless, cylindrical road wheels are widely used in the industry for tire endurance testing. This paper discusses the important effects of surface curvature on truck tire endurance testing and highlights the impact that curvature has on tire operating temperature. Temperature measurements made during testing on flat and curved surfaces under a range of load, pressure and speed conditions are presented. New tires and re-treaded tires of the same casing construction were evaluated to determine the effect that the tread rubber and pattern have on operating temperatures on the flat and curved test surfaces. The results of this study are used to suggest conditions on a road wheel that provide highway-equivalent operating conditions for truck tire endurance testing.

A NEW WELDING MATERIAL FOR REGENERATION IN THE WELDING TECHNOLOGY BASED ON NICKEL. ANALYSIS OF THE COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF DEFORMABLE HEAT-RESISTANT HIGH-CHROMIUM NICKEL-BASED ALLOYS FOR WELDED PARTS. ANALYSIS OF EXISTING FUELLING STATIONS TYPES AND VEHICLES USING HYDROGEN, HYDROGEN PRODUCTION AND STORING METHODS

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Ben Nengjun ◽  
Zhou Pengfei ◽  
Oleksandr Labartkava ◽  
Mykhailo Samokhin
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Nickel Alloys ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
High Chromium ◽  
Salt Corrosion ◽  
Tcp Phases ◽  
The Impact

This work involves an analysis of high-chromium high-temperature deformable wieldable nickel alloys for use in GTE repair assemblies. It is shown that the alloys EP868 (VZh98) and Haynes 230 can be used in welded assemblies with an operating temperature of 800-1100 °C. The alloys Nimonic 81, Nimonic 91, IN 935, IN 939, and Nicrotan 2100 GT also have a high potential for use in welded assemblies. They are characterized by a combination of good weldability, high-temperature strength, and resistance to scaling. There have been conducted studies on high-temperature salt corrosion of model nickel alloys. They allowed establishing the patterns of the impact of base metal alloying with chromium, aluminum, titanium, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum and rare earth metals on the critical temperature of the start of salt corrosion Tcor and the alloy mass loss. It has been established that alloys with a moderate concentration (13-16%) of chromium can possess satisfactory hightemperature corrosion resistance (HTC resistance) under the operating conditions of ship GTE. The HTC resistance of CrAl-Ti alloys improves upon reaching the ratio Ti/Al ˃ 1. Meanwhile, the ratio Ti/Al ˂ 1 promotes the formation of corrosion products with low protective properties. The positive effect of tantalum on the HTC resistance of alloys is manifested at higher test temperatures than that of titanium, and the total content of molybdenum and tungsten in alloys is limited by the condition 8Mo2 – 2W2 = 89. The presence of refractory elements stabilizes the strengthening phase and prevents formation of the ɳ-phase. However, their excess promotes formation of the embrittling topologically close packed (TCP) phases and boundary carbides of an unfavorable morphology. Based on the studies of the HTC resistance, there has been identified a class of model high-temperature corrosionresistant nickel alloys with a moderate or high chromium content (30%), Ti/Al ˃ 1, and a balanced content of refractory and rare-earth elements.

Increasing in wear resistance of excavating machine elements

2020 ◽  
pp. 306-308
Author(s):  
V.S. Bochkov
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Thermomechanical Treatment ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Hadfield Steel ◽  
Outer Side ◽  
Viii And Ix ◽  
Machine Elements ◽  
The Impact

The relevance of the search for solutions to increase the wear resistance of bucket teeth of excavating machine type front shovel is analyzed. The reasons for the wear of the teeth are considered. It is determined that when excavating machines work for rocks of VIII and IX categories, impact-abrasive wear of the inner side of the teeth and abrasive external wear occurs. It is proved that the cold-work hardening of Hadfield steel (the teeth material), which occurs during the excavating machine teeth work in the rocks of VIII and IX categories, reduces the impact-abrasive wear rate on the inner side of the teeth and does not affect the abrasive wear of the outer. The methods for thermomechanical treatment of the outer side of the excavating machine tooth is proposed. It can increase the wear resistance of Hadfield steel (110G13L) up to 1.7 times and lead to the self-sharpening effect of the tooth due to equalization of the wear rate of the outer and inner parts of the tooth. The efficiency factor of thermomechanical treatment to reduce the of abrasive wear rate of Hadfield steel is experimentally proved.

FORMATION OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN THE DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION PARADIGM

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
M. V. SAVINA ◽  
◽  
A. A. STEPANOV ◽  
I.A. STEPANOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modern Era

The article highlights the problems of the impact of "digitalization" of society on the formation and transformation of human capital, and above all, the development of new competencies, knowledge and skills. The main components of human capital in the modern era, the features of the formal and informal educational process are clarified and disclosed. The necessity of minimizing the precariat class is proved. The main directions of qualitative improvement of human capital adequate to the challenges of the digital age and globalization are defined.

Application of vacuum belt press filters for cane mud filtration and performance comparison with rotary filters

2014 ◽  
pp. 298-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Petit
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Vacuum Filter ◽  
Sugar Mill ◽  
Belt Press ◽  
Vacuum Belt ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Mud Filtration ◽  
The Impact

Bois-Rouge factory, an 8000 t/d cane Reunionese sugarcane mill, has fully equipped its filtration station with vacuum belt press filters since 2010, the first one being installed in 2009. The present study deals with this 3-year experience and discusses operating conditions, electricity consumption, performance and optimisation. The comparison with the more classical rotary drum vacuum filter station of Le Gol sugar mill highlights advantages of vacuum belt press filters: high filtration efficiency, low filter cake mass and sucrose content, low total solids content in filtrate and low power consumption. However, this technology needs a mud conditioning step and requires a large amount of water to improve mud quality, mixing of flocculant and washing of filter belts. The impact on the energy balance of the sugar mill is significant. At Bois-Rouge mill, studies are underway to reduce the water consumption by recycling low d.s. filtrate and by dry cleaning the filter belts.

Influence of temperature and humidity on the angle of repose of wood bulk materials

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.В. Бачериков ◽  
Б.М. Локштанов
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Wood Dust ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
The Impact

При проектировании открытых и закрытых хранилищ измельченных сыпучих материалов древесных материалов, таких как щепа и опилки, большое значение имеет угол естественного откоса (статический и динамический) этих материалов. В технической литературе приводятся противоречивые сведения о величине этих углов, что приводит к ошибкам при проектировании складов. В справочных данных не учитываются условия, в которых эксплуатируются емкости для хранения сыпучих материалов, свойства и состояние этих сыпучих материалов. В свою очередь, ошибки при проектировании приводят к проблемам (зависание, сводообразование, «затопление» и т. д.) и авариям при эксплуатации бункеров и силосов на производстве. В статье представлены сведения, посвященные влиянию влажности и температуры на угол естественного откоса сыпучих материалов. На основании лабораторных и натурных экспериментов, проведенных с помощью специально разработанных методик и установок, была скорректирована формула для определения углов естественного откоса (статического и динамического) для измельченных древесных материалов в зависимости от их фракционного и породного состава, влажности (абсолютной и относительной) и температуры. При помощи скорректированной формулы можно определить угол естественного откоса древесных сыпучих материалов со среднегеометрическим размером частицы от 0,5 мм до 15 мм (от древесной пыли до технологической щепы) в различных производственных условиях. Статья может быть полезна проектировщикам при расчете угла наклона граней выпускающей воронки бункеров и силосов предприятий лесной отрасли и целлюлозо-бумажной промышленности. In the design of open and closed storage warehouses chopped wood materials for bulk materials such as wood chips and sawdust, great importance has an angle of repose (static and dynamic) of these materials. In the technical literature are conflicting reports about the magnitude of these angles, which leads to errors in the design of warehouses. In the referencesdoes not take into account the conditions under which operated capacities for storage of bulk materials, and properties and condition of the bulk material. The design errors lead to problems (hanging, arching, «flooding», etc.) and accidents in the operation of hoppers and silos at the mills. The article provides information on the impact of humidity and temperature on the angle of repose of granular materials. On the basis of laboratory and field experiments, conducted with the help of specially developed techniques and facilities has been adjusted formula for determining the angle of repose (static and dynamic) for the shredded wood materials depending on their fractional and species composition, humidity (absolute and relative) and temperature. It is possible, by using the corrected formula, to determine the angle of repose of loose wood materials with average particle size of from 0.5 mm to 15 mm (wood dust to pulpchips) in various operating conditions. The article can be helpful to designers in the calculation of the angle of inclination of the funnel faces produces bunkers and silos forest industries and pulp and paper industry.

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