Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Cuticles of Blattella germanica and Periplaneta americana in Gizan City, Saudi Arabia

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat gaining more and more practical significance every year. The main determinants of AMR are the antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Since bacteria can share genetic components via horizontal gene transfer, even non-pathogenic bacteria may provide ARG to any pathogens which they become physically close to (e.g. in the human gut). In addition, fermented food naturally contains bacteria in high amounts. In this study, we examined the diversity of ARG content in various kefir and yoghurt samples (products, grains, bacterial strains) using a unified metagenomic approach. We found numerous ARGs of commonly used fermenting bacteria. Even with the strictest filter restrictions, we identified ARGs undermining the efficacy of aminocoumarins, aminoglycosides, carbapenems, cephalosporins, cephamycins, diaminopyrimidines, elfamycins, fluoroquinolones, fosfomycins, glycylcyclines, lincosamides, macrolides, monobactams, nitrofurans, nitroimidazoles, penams, penems, peptides, phenicols, rifamycins, tetracyclines and triclosan. In the case of gene lmrD, we detected genetic environment providing mobility of this ARG. Our findings support the theory that during the fermentation process, the ARG content of foods can grow due to bacterial multiplication. The results presented suggest that the starting culture strains of fermented foods should be monitored and selected in order to decrease the intake of ARGs via foods.

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Periplaneta americana Oligosaccharides Exert Anti-Inflammatory Activity through Immunoregulation and Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Acute Colitis Mice Model

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26061718 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 1718

Author(s):

Kaimin Lu ◽

Jing Zhou ◽

Jie Deng ◽

Yangjun Li ◽

Chuanfang Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Periplaneta Americana ◽

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Mice Model ◽

Acute Colitis ◽

Anti Inflammatory

The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disorders (IBD) are increasing around the world due to bacterial infection, abnormal immune response, etc. The conventional medicines for IBD treatment possess serious side effects. Periplaneta americana (P. americana), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat arthritis, fever, aches, inflammation, and other diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of oligosaccharides from P. Americana (OPA) and its possible mechanisms in vivo. OPA were purified and biochemical characterization was analyzed by HPGPC, HPLC, FT-IR, and GC–MS. Acute colitis mice model was established, the acute toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity were tested in vivo. The results showed OPA with molecular mass of 1.0 kDa were composed of 83% glucose, 6% galactose, 11% xylose, and the backbone was (1→4)-Glcp. OPA had potent antioxidant activities in vitro and significantly alleviated the clinical symptoms of colitis, relieved colon damage without toxic side effects in vivo. OPA exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by regulating Th1/Th2, reducing oxidative stress, preserving intestinal barrier integrity, and inhibiting TLR4/MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Moreover, OPA protected gut by increasing microbial diversity and beneficial bacteria, and reducing pathogenic bacteria in feces. OPA might be the candidate of complementary and alternative medicines of IBD with low-cost and high safety.

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ESBL Activity, MDR, and Carbapenem Resistance among Predominant Enterobacterales Isolated in 2019

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10060744 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 744

Author(s):

Altaf Bandy ◽

Bilal Tantry

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Carbapenem Resistance ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

Chi Square ◽

E Coli ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Resistance Rates

Antimicrobial-resistance in Enterobacterales is a serious concern in Saudi Arabia. The present study retrospectively analyzed the antibiograms of Enterobacterales identified from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019 from a referral hospital in the Aljouf region of Saudi Arabia. The revised document of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) CR-2015 and Magiorakos et al.’s document were used to define carbapenem resistance and classify resistant bacteria, respectively. The association of carbapenem resistance, MDR, and ESBL with various sociodemographic characteristics was assessed by the chi-square test and odds ratios. In total, 617 Enterobacterales were identified. The predominant (n = 533 (86.4%)) isolates consisted of 232 (37.6%), 200 (32.4%), and 101 (16.4%) Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, respectively. In general, 432 (81.0%) and 128 (24.0%) isolates were of MDR and ESBL, respectively. The MDR strains were recovered in higher frequency from intensive care units (OR = 3.24 (1.78–5.91); p < 0.01). E. coli and K. pneumoniae resistance rates to imipenem (2.55 (1.21–5.37); p < 0.01) and meropenem (2.18 (1.01–4.67); p < 0.04), respectively, were significantly higher in winter. The data emphasize that MDR isolates among Enterobacterales are highly prevalent. The studied Enterobacterales exhibited seasonal variation in antimicrobial resistance rates towards carbapenems and ESBL activity.

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Antimicrobial resistance patterns among different Escherichia coli isolates in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.047 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kawther Aabed ◽

Nadine Moubayed ◽

Saleh Alzahrani

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽

Resistance Patterns

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A 6-year surveillance of antimicrobial resistance patterns ofAcinetobacter baumanniibacteremia isolates from a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia during 2005–2010

Libyan Journal of Medicine ◽

10.3402/ljm.v9.24039 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 24039 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Krishnappa Lakshmana Gowda ◽

Mohammed A. M. Marie ◽

Yazeed A Al-Sheikh ◽

James John ◽

Sangeetha Gopalkrishnan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Resistance Patterns

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Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and ESBL of Uropathogens Isolated from Adult Females in Najran Region of Saudi Arabia

Clinics and Practice ◽

10.3390/clinpract11030080 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 650-658

Author(s):

Mohammed Yahia Alasmary

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Klebsiella Species ◽

E Coli ◽

Government Hospitals ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Tract Infections

Background: To explore the prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) among female patients in the Najran region of Saudi Arabia and determine their antimicrobial resistance pattern. Methods: This study was conducted on 136 urine samples collected from outpatient departments (OPDs) of the different government hospitals in the Najran region of Saudi Arabia. Over one year, the results of susceptibility testing reports of outpatient midstream urine samples from three government hospitals were prospectively evaluated. Results: Of 136 urine samples, only 123 (90.45%) were found to show significant growth for UTIs, from which 23 different uropathogens were identified. Escherichia coli (58.5%) was the most commonly isolated organism, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.1%). The isolated microorganism showed increased resistance patterns from 3.3% to 62.6%, with an overall resistance of 27.19%. Meropenem was the most effective antimicrobial, followed by amikacin and ertapenem (0.47%, 0.91%, and 1.5% resistance, respectively). At the same time, ampicillin and cephazolin were the least (62.6% and 59.5% resistance, respectively) effective. Overall, eleven (8.94%) uropathogens isolates were ESBLs, among which there were eight (6.5%) Escherichia coli, one (0.81%) Klebsiella pneumoniae, one (0.81%) Klebsiella oxytoca, and one (0.81%) Citrobacter amalonaticus. Conclusions: E. coli remains the most commonly isolated causative uropathogens, followed by Klebsiella species. The prevalence of pathogenic E. coli and Klebsiella species underscores the importance of developing cost-effective, precise, and rapid identification systems to minimize public exposure to uropathogens. Antibiotic susceptibility data revealed that most of the isolates were resistant to the majority of the antibiotics. The patients with UTIs in the Najran region of Saudi Arabia are at a high risk of antibiotic resistance, leading to significant problems in outpatient department (OPD) treatment outcomes and raising the alarm for the physician to change their empiric treatment.

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The characteristics of antimicrobial resistance and treatment of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections in children from 2013 to 2018 in a chinese tertiary hospital

10.21203/rs.2.10825/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Xiu-Qin Jia ◽

Feng Pang ◽

Xin Luo ◽

Jian Zhang

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Adjuvant Therapy ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Invasive Procedures ◽

Carbapenem Resistant ◽

Enterobacteriaceae Infections ◽

Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to performe a retrospective analysis of prevalence and treatment of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections in children in a tertiary hospital. Methods The non-repeat clinical isolates of CRE in children were collected in Liaocheng People's Hospital from January, 2013 to December, 2018. The bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility was performed according to the standard methods. The isolated strains will be detected carbapenemases genotypes and homology analysis. All data on the culture-positive strains and associated clinical infection from different pediatric wards were reviewed. Results A total of 20 CRE strains isolated from pediatric patients, which derived from different infection sites and present a classification of multiple species of Enterobacteriaceae. And the production of IMP-type carbapenemase in these strains is the main reason of antimicrobial resistance. Most of the infected patients have severe comorbidities and invasive procedures, and use insensitive drugs due to the high resistance rates and medication restrictions. Nevertheless, most infected children have been treated despite the resistance of pathogens to multiple antimicrobial agents. In our follow-up survey, most children received adjuvant therapy such as human intravenous immunoglobulin, which may be an important factor in helping patients defeat pathogenic bacteria. Conclusions This study demonstrates a high prevalence of IMP-mediated CRE infection in pediatric patients with severe comorbidities and invasive procedures. Most children have been cured, which may be related to application of adjuvant therapy and weaker pathogenicity of the IMP-type Enterobacteriaceae.

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Evaluation of enteromicroflora of common crane (Grus grus) as a potential reservoir of bacterial antimicrobial resistance

Biologia ◽

10.1515/biolog-2017-0118 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 72 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Ľudmila Hamarová ◽

Matej Repel ◽

Peter Javorský ◽

Peter Pristaš

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Migratory Birds ◽

Potential Reservoir ◽

Grus Grus ◽

Common Crane ◽

The Common

AbstractMigratory birds could be important vectors of pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial resistance transmissions over long distances. The common crane (

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Comparing antibiotic resistance in commensal and pathogenic bacteria isolated from wild-caught South Carolina shrimps vs. farm-raised imported shrimps

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/w07-019 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 53 (7) ◽

pp. 919-924 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Kavitha Boinapally ◽

Xiuping Jiang

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

South Carolina ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Vibrio Vulnificus ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Plate Counts

The objective of this study was to assess and differentiate wild-caught South Carolina (SC) shrimps from imported shrimps on the basis of microbiological analysis. Seven wild-caught SC shrimp and 13 farm-raised imported shrimp samples were analyzed. Total plate counts from wild-caught shrimp samples ranged from 4.3 to 7.0 log10 CFU/g, whereas counts from imported shrimp samples ranged from 3.2 to 5.7 log10 CFU/g. There was no difference (P > 0.05) between total bacterial counts of wild-caught SC shrimp and farm-raised imported shrimp. However, the percentages of bacteria with reduced susceptibility towards ceftriaxone and tetracycline were higher (P < 0.05) for farm-raised shrimp than for wild-caught samples. Salmonella spp. detected only in one farm-raised sample was resistant to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, streptomycin, and trimethoprim. Vibrio vulnificus was detected in both wild-caught and farm-raised shrimp samples; however, only the isolate from farm-raised shrimp was resistant to nalidixic acid and trimethoprim. Escherichia coli detected in one wild-caught sample was resistant to ampicillin. Both Listeria spp. and Salmonella spp. were absent with wild-caught SC samples. Therefore, the presence of more ceftriaxone- and tetracycline-resistant bacteria and the observed antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of isolates from the imported shrimp may reflect the possible use of antibiotics in raising shrimp in those countries.

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