scholarly journals Evaluación de leguminosas introducidas en México para identificar especies invasoras de alto impacto potencial

2012 ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Sánchez-Blanco ◽  
Clara Sánchez-Blanco ◽  
Mario Sousa S. ◽  
Francisco J. Espinosa-García
Keyword(s):  
Albizia Lebbeck ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Pueraria Phaseoloides ◽  
Cassia Fistula ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Delonix Regia ◽  
Spartium Junceum

La mayoría de las especies de plantas introducidas en México no han sido evaluadas para priorizar las acciones de gestión para erradicarlas o contenerlas o para mitigar los daños causados por invasiones de plantas nocivas. Se evaluaron 42 taxa (41 especies y una variedad) de malezas introducidas de la familia Leguminosae usando criterios empíricos y derivados de teoría, en el desarrollo de un modelo centrado en el comportamiento de las especies en el extranjero, su tiempo de residencia y las localidades ocupadas, y la presencia en México de los parientes congenéricos nativos y no nativos. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de fuentes bibliográficas y de la base de datos “Malezas Introducidas en México” que incluye información de 11 herbarios de México. También desarrollamos un proceso de puntuación para calificar la expansión de las introducidas de acuerdo con tiempo de residencia y número de localidades ocupadas. Clasificamos a las leguminosas introducidas en cuatro categorías de prioridad de atención. Albizia lebbeck, Pueraria phaseoloides, Lablab purpureus, Securigera varia,Delonix regia, Clitoria ternatea y Spartium junceum deben recibir prioridad de atención alta; consideramos que ocho especies requieren una atención prioritaria media, y siete atención prioritaria baja. 20 taxa fueron clasificados como no prioritarios. El modelo de evaluación desarrollado todavía necesita un mayor refinamiento, ya que especies aparentemente inocuas obtuvieron puntajes altos y una potencialmente peligrosa (Cassia fistula) se clasificó en la categoría no prioritaria. Esperamos que el presente modelo de evaluación funcionará como una herramienta y con baja dependencia de expertos, para identificar a las especies introducidas que requieren un análisis de riesgo más completo para priorizar esfuerzos para el manejo de las plantas introducidas nocivas.

scholarly journals Efecto de la especie y la edad de rebrote en el perfil de ácidos grasos de leguminosas y arbustivas tropicales

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-477
Author(s):  
José Edwin Mojica-Rodríguez ◽  
Edwin Castro-Rincón ◽  
Juan Carulla-Fornaguera ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Lascano-Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Pueraria Phaseoloides ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Ácido Linoleico Conjugado ◽  
Canavalia Brasiliensis

Se evaluó el efecto de tres edades de rebrote (4, 8 y 12 semanas) sobre la producción de forraje, calidad nutricional y perfil de ácidos grasos en leguminosas herbáceas: Clitoria ternatea, Pueraria phaseoloides, Canavalia brasiliensis, Centrosema molle, Centrosema macrocarpum, Alysicarpus vaginalis y Lablab purpureus; en leguminosas arbustivas: Cratylia argentea, Gliricidia sepium, Desmodium velutinum, Cajanus cajan y Leucaena leucocephala; y en una arbustiva no leguminosa: Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae). Se utilizó un diseño de parcelas divididas con bloques al azar, en el cual la parcela principal fue la especie forrajera y la subparcela la edad de rebrote. Los principales ácidos grasos presentes en las especies fueron el ácido palmítico (C16:0), ácido linolénico (C18:3) y linoleico (C18:2). Sin embargo, en las leguminosas herbáceas y arbustivas, el contenido de ácidos grasos fue diferente y disminuyó con la edad de rebrote en los dos grupos. La relación C18:2/C18:3 fue mayor en las leguminosas herbáceas que en las arbustivas, lo cual podría resultar en una mayor concentración de ácido linoleico conjugado (ALC) en la grasa de la leche. La leguminosa Cajanus cajan presentó el mayor (p<0,05) contenido de ácido linolénico (C18:3) y de precursores de ALC en las tres edades de rebrote evaluadas, lo cual sugiere que su uso en la alimentación de bovinos en sistemas de doble propósito resultaría en concentraciones altas de ALC c9 t11 en la grasa de la leche, en comparación con otras especies.

scholarly journals Avaliação quantitativa e qualitativa da fitomassa de leguminosas para uso como cobertura de solo

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 947-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Tavares Nascimento ◽  
Ivandro de França da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Pueraria Phaseoloides ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Canavalia Ensiformis ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum

Para uso como adubo verde em um experimento em Alagoinha-PB, avaliaram-se doze espécies de leguminosas: crotalária (Crotalaria juncea L), guandu (Cajanus cajan L), guandu anão (Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp), calopogônio (Calopogonium mucunoides L), feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformis L), lab-lab (Dolichos lab lab L), kudzu tropical (Pueraria phaseoloides L), siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum L), leucena (Leucaena leucocephala L), cunhã (Clitoria ternatea L), mucuna preta (Styzolobium aterrimum L), e mucuna cinza (Styzolobium cinereum Piper e Tracy), no DBC com 12 tratamentos, em parcelas de 20m2, com três repetições. Constataram-se as maiores produções de fitomassa para leucena, guandu, mucuna preta, kudzu tropical, feijão-de-porco e cunhã, enquanto que para a crotalária, a menor produção. A fitomassa do kudzu tropical mostrou-se com melhor qualidade para a incorporação.

scholarly journals Effect of Techniques and Time of Sowing, Seed Rate, and Weed Management on Selcted Herbaceous Legumes Establishments in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Debora - KanaHau ◽  
Jacob Nulik
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Sowing Seed

<p>A series of experiments on techniques and time of sowing, and weed management of legumes <em>Clitoria ternatea</em> cv Milgarra, <em>Centrosema pascuorum</em> cv Cavalcade and cv Bundey, and <em>Lablab purpureus</em> cv Highworth, was conducted in East Nusa Tenggara (in the islands of Timor, Flores, and Sumba) in order to determine proper technique and time of sowing and weed management, which would be efficient in labor use and sufficient biomass production. Treatments of sowing techniques included dibble, furrow (covered and not covered), and broadcast (harrowed and not harrowed); while sowing time consisted of early wet season (December-January), mid of wet season (February-March) and the end of wet season (April-May), while weed managements consisted of weeded and unweeded treatments. The experiments employed block randomized design with four replications using plot sizes of 3 x 4 m to 4 x 5 m, depending on the availability of land for the experiments. The results of the experiments showed that the best sowing technique with the highest plant population  at 4 weeks after planting was dibbling (42 plants/m²), followed by furrow, while the lowest plant population was obtained at the broadcast technique (9-20 plants/m²). Similarly, the highest biomass production was obtained in the dibbling technique (1.75 to 2.5 tons DM/ha per harvest at 12 weeks after planting in Ende, and 4-5 ton DM/ha in Nagekeo), followed by furrow technique covered or not covered (1-1.3 tons DM/ha in Ende and 3.5-4 tons DM/ha in Nagekeo), and the lowest in broadcast technique (0.3-1 ton DM/ha in Ende and 2-2.5 ton DM/ha in Nagekeo). However, considering the labor requirement and cost, it was recommended that furrow technique to suit the small farmer practices in the region. Weed management showed that weeded treatment (keep legume cleaned of weeds) gave significantly better (P&lt;0.05) biomass production compared with to that of unweeded treatment. It can be seen also that weed had more suppressing effects on <em>Clitoria ternatea</em>, compared to that of <em>Lablab purpureus</em>, especially when the plants were sown in the early wet season.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of climate change on phenology of Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. across Mumbai

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suraliwala Farhan ◽  
Gopalkrishnan Bindu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Cassia Fistula ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Delonix Regia ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
Samanea Saman ◽  
Over Time

The average annual temperatures are gradually increasing over time since few decades. This has led to global warming and change in climate. The increase in temperature has not only affected the humans but the flora too. In many flowering plants the temperature has altered the phenology (timing) of flowering, example Cassia fistula, Samanea saman, Delonix regia etc. An attempt is made to investigate the tree Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. commonly known as Gulmohar. It is monitored for its flowering time since 2016 to 2019. The area selected for study was Bhayandar, Mira road, Andheri and Vile Parle in Mumbai. The data obtained was further analyzed with the literature from different Flora’s and research papers. The actual flowering time according to the old literature was April to June. Since few years it has been observed that Gulmohar flowered twice i.e. October to December and also April to June. The amount of flowers bloomed during October – December was scanty while mass bloom was witnessed during April to June. The phenology of flowering has shifted earlier in response to warming during October – December. The shift in the timing of flowering may have resulted in reproductive failure in the plant. This behaviour of plants is of great concern. More broadly it is important to mitigate climate change by controlling global warming in order to conserve the D. regia trees. It can be used as bio indicator stating the climate change in Mumbai.

A novel approach to planting grass - legume pastures in the mixed farming zone of southern inland Queensland, Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Whitbread ◽  
C. A. Hall ◽  
B. C. Pengelly
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Novel Approach

Reliable establishment of pasture systems with a desirable composition of grasses and legumes remains a challenge in the highly variable climates of the northern grain belt of southern inland Queensland. In this paper, an alternative system is proposed whereby legumes and grasses are planted simultaneously in alternative strips. A 4-year study tested the establishment, production, and botanical composition of the tropical legume species Macroptilium bracteatum cvv. Cardaga and Juanita, Lablab purpureus cv. Endurance, and Clitoria ternatea cv. Milgarra sown as pure stands or with grass strips. The grass strips, and a grass-only treatment, both contained a mix of Panicum maximum cv. Petrie, Dichanthium aristatum cv. Floren, and Bothriochloa insculpta cv. Bisset. L. purpureus was relatively unproductive, yielding ~2000 kg/ha dry matter (DM) produced in each of the first 2 years. M. bracteatum produced 2050 and 3300 kg/ha DM in Years 1 and 2, with declining plant populations and DM in subsequent years. C. ternatea produced 960 kg/ha DM in Year 1, 2730 kg/ha DM in Year 2, and continued to persist throughout the trial, albeit at low DM production levels. The grass-only treatment was dominated by the sown grass species, while the legume-based treatments were dominated by a colonising native species, Dichanthium sericeum, in the fourth and final year. Sowing grass strips adjacent to the legume areas proved a successful strategy, with the proportion of sown grasses in the legume strips increasing to >20% of total DM by Year 4. Soil carbon changes did not differ between treatments, but total C in the top 0.15 m increased from 0.99% in Year 1 to 1.13% in Year 4, representing a net gain of 6.5 t/ha in C over 3 years.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Tris NaCl and PBS Buffer Protein Extract of Cassia fistula, Saccharum officinarum, Albizia lebbeck and Cymbopogon citrates Against Bacterial Strains

Dose-Response ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 155932582199223
Author(s):  
Ume Habiba ◽  
Jaweria Nisar ◽  
Muhammad Akram Choohan ◽  
Syed Muhammad Ali Shah ◽  
Zonaira Nisar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Albizia Lebbeck ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Cassia Fistula ◽  
Protein Extract

Medicinal plants are gaining popularity over synthetic medicines because antibiotic resistance demands the alternative source of medication. In the present research, the crude protein extraction of 4 medicinal plants Cassia fistula, Saccharum officinarum, Albizia lebbeck and Cymbopogon citrates was carried out. Crude protein extraction was done by 2 different buffers i.e. Tris NaCl buffer and PBS buffer. Protein confirmation was done by Bradford assay in the spectrophotometer. Antibacterial potential was checked and compared against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Bacillus cereus and Proteus mirabilis. Antibacterial assay was performed by disc diffusion method, agar well method and zones of inhibition were calculated. The study results indicated that Tris NaCl extracts’ antimicrobial potential is higher than that of the PBS buffer. On disc diffusion method the Tris NaCl buffer extracts of Cymbopogon citrates showed maximum zone of inhibition 11 mm and 9 mm against Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus respectively and control chloramphenicol showed maximum zone of inhibition 26 mm against Bacillus subtilis. Cassia fistula showed maximum zone of inhibition of 7 mm against Bacillus cereus while Saccharum officinarum and Albizia lebbeck didn’t show the any antibacterial activity. On the other hand, Protein extracts from PBS buffer didn’t show zone of inhibition against any bacteria. Only Albizia lebbeck showed minute zone of inhibition against Neisseria gonorrhea. On well diffusion method, Cassia fistula Tris NaCl protein extract showed the maximum zone of inhibition 20 mm and 18 mm against Proteus mirabilis and Bacillus subtilis respectively. While Albizia lebbeck PBS protein extract showed the maximum zone of inhibition 19 mm and 17 mm against Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus. The results revealed that the protein extract of Albizia lebbeck, Cymbopogon citrates and Cassia fistula can be used tosynthesize antimicrobial drugs to treat the bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Efecto de especies y manejo de abonos verdes de leguminosas en la producción y calidad de un cultivo forrajero utilizado en sistemas ganaderos del trópico seco

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (253) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.E. Castro ◽  
E. Sierra ◽  
J.E. Mojica ◽  
J.E. Carulla ◽  
C.E. Lascano
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Canavalia Brasiliensis

El uso de cultivos forrajeros para corte y acarreo o para ensilar es una alternativa para reducir los efectos negativos de la época seca en la alimentación de animales en sistemas ganaderos doble propósito en el trópico seco. Por otra parte, el uso de abonos verdes de leguminosas es una alternativa al uso de nitrógeno (N) químico para la fertilización en cultivos forrajeros. Con el fin de utilizar las leguminosas como abonos verdes en una forma más eficiente en fincas ganaderas, es necesario seleccionar leguminosas productivas de crecimiento rápidos y adaptadas a sequía y evaluar manejos alternativos de rotación con cultivos forrajeros. En este estudio se evaluaron cuatro leguminosas (Canavalia brasiliensis, Lablab purpureus, Clitoria ternatea y Vigna unguiculata) dos niveles de nitrógeno (0 y 50 kg ha-1), y dos manejos (siembra del cultivo en el primer o en el cuarto mes después de la incorporación del abono) dispuestos en un arreglo de parcelas divididas con tres repeticiones. Las leguminosas con más altos rendimientos (p

scholarly journals Rendimiento y valor nutritivo de leguminosas forrajeras en dos épocas del año y cuatro edades de rebrote

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 453
Author(s):  
Lidia García-Ferrer ◽  
Eduardo Daniel Bolaños-Aguilar ◽  
Jesús Ramos-Juárez ◽  
Mario Osorio Arce ◽  
Luz Del Carmen Lagunes-Espinoza
Keyword(s):  
Pueraria Phaseoloides ◽  
Clitoria Ternatea ◽  
Stylosanthes Guianensis ◽  
Arachis Pintoi

El efecto de edad de rebrote (21, 42, 63 y 84 días) sobre el rendimiento de materia seca (RMS), proporción de hoja (PH) y valor nutritivo de cacahuatillo (Arachis pintoi), stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis), clitoria (Clitoria ternatea) y kudzú (Pueraria phaseoloides), se evaluó durante la época seca (marzo-mayo) y lluviosa (junio-agosto) de 2013. El RMS y la fibra detergente neutro (FDN) se incrementaron con la edad, mientras que la PH, proteína (CP) y degradabilidad disminuyeron. Cacahuatillo y stylo registraron los RMS más altos en las dos épocas; en promedio 5.5 y 7.5 t ha-1 a los 84 días en época seca y lluviosa, respectivamente. En ambas épocas, la mayor y menor PH fueron para cacahuatillo y stylo, respectivamente. En CP, clitoria y cacahuatillo presentaron las mayores en ambas épocas; superiores a 140 g kg-1 MS aún a 84 días de edad. No se observó variación significativa en CP a partir de los 42 días en las especies. A los 21 días, stylo (704.7 g kg-1 MS) en la época seca y kudzú (658.4 g kg-1 MS) en la época lluviosa presentaron la mayor FDN. No hubo diferencias entre especies a partir de los 42 días. Cacahuatillo tuvo la mayor degradabilidad (>700 g kg-1 MS) durante su crecimiento en ambas épocas. En clitoria, stylo y kudzú sólo fue superior a 700 g kg-1 MS a los 21 días, pero desde los 42 días de edad, la degradabilidad disminuyó. En conclusión, la edad de rebrote que integra mayor RMS y valor nutritivo es la de 42 días en las leguminosas evaluadas, independientemente de la época del año.

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