Analysis of the Status of Sustainable Entrepreneurship in Macro and Sectorial Agricultural Policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Iraq has suffered since 1991 from international sanctions imposed on it by the dictatorial regime that existed at the time, invading Kuwait, which led to the decline of the status of Iraq and the isolation of international and regional (Arab) and clear Iraq as a strange entity living within its regional environment, after April 2003 did not change much In fact, there were no signs of détente before the Arab League summit in Baghdad in 2011, and the signs of a break in the stalemate in inter-relations over the past years have become evident. Disruption and refraction was not high (Islamic Republic of Iran, Turkey, Syrian Arab Republic, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait). Each side is governed by perceptions about Iraq, especially after 2003, and the political and economic developments taking place.

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Prevalence of Shielding in Diagnostic X-ray Centers in the Islamic Republic of Iran: A Systematic Review

Modern Health Science ◽

10.30560/mhs.v2n2p38 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. p38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammad Chavideh ◽

Seyed Reza Khorshidi ◽

Alireza Bagzahedi Baghmalek ◽

Raheleh Hassanvand Amoozadeh ◽

Razieh Naserifar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Reference Lists ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Islamic Republic ◽

X Ray ◽

The Status ◽

Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽

Extensive Literature Search ◽

And Performance

Shielding has been recommended as an effective tool against radiation exposure. Several studies have published on the availability and use of shielding tools in diagnostic X-ray centers across the country and contradictory results been reported. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to find out the status of radiation protection in term of availability and use of shielding tools in diagnostic X-ray centers in Iran. An extensive literature search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline, Embase, ISI, Cochrane Library, SID, Magiran, IranMedex, Irandoc and Google-Scholar search engine. We also manually searched the reference lists of the relevant studies. Two authors independently assessed the eligibility of all studies and extracted data. Thirty-seven studies published from 1998 to 2019 were included in this systematic review. In all, 1089 diagnostic X-ray centers, 4439 radiographs and performance of 1472 radiographers were covered in these studies. The availability of lead apron, gonad shield and thyroid collar were ranged from 7 to 95.5%, 26.6 to 94% and 7 to 94%, respectively. Moreover, their usage was ranged from 0 to 85.5%, 0 to 35% and 0 to 38.4%, respectively. In addition, lens shield was discussed in one study with availability of 0%. During 1998 to 2019, the status of shielding had not improved across the country. Therefore adherence to the safety guideline as far as possible is required to protection patients from undue exposure to radiation.

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The Ratification and Status of the International Treaties in the Legal System of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Journal of Politics and Law ◽

10.5539/jpl.v10n5p85 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 85

Author(s):

Seyed Ahmad Tabatabaei ◽

Siamak Karamzadeh

Keyword(s):

Legal System ◽

Civil Code ◽

The Other ◽

International Treaties ◽

Islamic Republic ◽

Islamic Revolution ◽

Objective Interpretation ◽

The Status ◽

Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽

The Guardian

After the Islamic revolution in Iran in 1979, fundamental changes occurred in Iran’s political and legal system. Pursuant the referendum on creating the Islamic Republic in March 1979, the new constitution came into force in the same year and many of the ordinary laws of the country were also reformed. The purpose of this study is to consider the method of ratification of international treaties and the status of these instruments in the legal system of Iran. Firstly, the stages of the ratification of treaties in Iran's legal system have been explained. Secondly, the position of treaties among the other laws is discussed. This study concludes that, the international treaties, like ordinary laws, primarily should be passed by the Islamic Consultative Assembly; and after the approval of the Guardian Council, they should be signed by the President. Under the Constitution of Iran all international treaties should all be ratified by the Islamic Consultative Assembly (parliament) and the Guardian Council; however, based on the interpretations of the Guardian Council and the executive procedures, some treaties have been excluded from the ratification of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. International treaties may enjoy a higher position than that of the ordinary law through an objective interpretation, although they have been recognized as ordinary laws by the Article 9 of the Civil Code of Iran.

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Kritik Abdul Karim Soroush Atas Sistem Al-Faqih: Teks Agama, Interpretasi dan Demokrasi

FIKRAH ◽

10.21043/fikrah.v5i1.2258 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 151

Author(s):

Cahya Edi Setyawan

Keyword(s):

Government Policy ◽

The State ◽

Islamic Republic ◽

Religious Ideology ◽

The Public ◽

The People ◽

The Status ◽

Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽

The Government ◽

State Case

<span>Soroush criticized the concept of "al-faqih territory" embodied in the system of religious democracy in Iran. The concept gives Mullah and Ulama a sole authority. Al-faqih territory which means the leadership of a jihad is a form of Syiah politics that takes place in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The government policy in the name of "God's Voice" to punish a State case. According to Soroush, this is a misconception because the government just prioritizes the interests of the State and denies the public inspirations. On this basis, Soroush wants to give Iranians an understanding of religion more truthfully, so that the people are aware that Religion (text / revelation) and knowledge of theology is different. Soroush attempts at giving reconsideration of the status of "religious ideology" to the public in order to be able to criticize the concept of government in Iran that is "al-faqih territory".</span>

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An Investigation of the Status of Women with Respect to the Presidential Position in Islamic Republic of Iran

Athens Journal of Law ◽

10.30958/ajl.2-2-1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 75-94

Author(s):

Poopak Dehshahri

Keyword(s):

Islamic Republic ◽

The Status ◽

Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽

Status Of Women

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Zukunfts-Optionen von Kurden in Eurasien

europa ethnica ◽

10.24989/0014-2492-2018-12-2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 75 (1-2) ◽

pp. 2-30

Author(s):

Ferdinand Hennerbichler

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Democratic Party ◽

Kurdistan Region ◽

Foreseeable Future ◽

Islamic Republic ◽

Northern Iraq ◽

Political Position ◽

Iraqi Kurdistan ◽

The Status ◽

Islamic Republic Of Iran

The Iraqi Kurdistan Independence Referendum of September 25th, 2017, initiated by the longstanding President of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (elected in office from 13 June 2005 to 19 August 2015) did not serve as basis for the declaration of an independent Kurdish state in Northern Iraq in the foreseeable future. It was, rather, intended to strengthen his own domestic political position of power as well as that one of other leading politicians of the Barzani family and of the currently governing Kurdistan Democratic Party Iraq. The Referendum aggravated the persisting constitutional crisis in Iraq since 2005 in to date unresolved crucial questions, above all regarding the status of Kirkuk and other „disputed territories“, enabled the Islamic Republic of Iran to further extend its influence on Iraq and beyond via pro-Iranian Shia-Proxy-Militias and last but not least also intensified various crises in the Middle East and Eurasia substantially.

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Experiences in the prevention, control and elimination of iodine deficiency disorders: a regional perspective

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal ◽

10.26719/2004.10.6.761 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 761-770 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

F. Azizi ◽

L. Mehran

Keyword(s):

Iodine Deficiency ◽

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽

World Health ◽

National Study ◽

Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽

Islamic Republic ◽

The Status ◽

Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽

Health Organization

Before 1987, iodine deficiency was not considered an issue of major importance in the countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region [EMR]. Progress began with a systematic national study of goitre and other iodine deficiency disorders [IDD] in the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1983. Following a major review of the prevalence of IDD in member states, Guidelines for national programmes for the control of iodine deficiency disorders in the EMR were published by the World Health Organization [WHO] in 1988. This paper discusses progress towards elimination of iodine deficiency by reviewing the status of IDD in the countries of EMR and programmes for prevention and control of IDD with particular reference to the Islamic Republic of Iran, the first country to be declared IDD-free by WHO

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Contemporary Qur'anic Studies in Iran and its Relationship with Qur'anic Studies in the West

Journal of Qur anic Studies ◽

10.3366/jqs.2012.0037 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 45-72

Author(s):

Morteza Karimi-Nia

Keyword(s):

Islamic Law ◽

Human Sciences ◽

The West ◽

Communications Technologies ◽

Religious Learning ◽

The Status ◽

Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽

Almost All ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

The status of tafsīr and Qur'anic studies in the Islamic Republic of Iran has changed significantly during recent decades. The essay provides an overview of the state of Qur'anic studies in Iran today, aiming to examine the extent of the impact of studies by Western scholars on Iranian academic circles during the last three decades and the relationship between them. As in most Islamic countries, the major bulk of academic activity in Iran in this field used to be undertaken by the traditional ʿulamāʾ; however, since the beginning of the twentieth century and the establishment of universities and other academic institutions in the Islamic world, there has been increasing diversity and development. After the Islamic Revolution, many gradual changes in the structure and approach of centres of religious learning and universities have occurred. Contemporary advancements in modern sciences and communications technologies have gradually brought the institutions engaged in the study of human sciences to confront the new context. As a result, the traditional Shīʿī centres of learning, which until 50 years ago devoted themselves exclusively to the study of Islamic law and jurisprudence, today pay attention to the teaching of foreign languages, Qur'anic sciences and exegesis, including Western studies about the Qur'an, to a certain extent, and recognise the importance of almost all of the human sciences of the West.

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