Differential Effectiveness of Three Color Treatments in Learning Geometric Concepts via Computer-Guided Teaching

1988 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nira Hativa ◽  
Avigdor Teper
Keyword(s):  
Aptitude Tests ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Differential Effectiveness ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Geometric Concepts ◽  
Color System ◽  
Color Treatment ◽  
Class Instruction ◽  
Microcomputer Software ◽  
Ninth Grade Students

This study examined the differential effects of three color treatments incorporated into microcomputer software on the learning of geometric concepts by students with differential aptitudes. The color treatments were: monochrome, functional (the use of color for cueing), and nonfunctional (the indiscriminate use of color). The experimental software provided teachers with a detailed lesson outline to be used with one large-screen monitor for whole-class instruction using the discussion or recitation method of teaching. Ninth-grade students ( N = 109) were randomly assigned to the treatment groups. All students answered two aptitude tests, two geometric pretests, two geometric immediate posttests, the same posttests administered one month later, and an attitude questionnaire. All three experimental forty-minute lessons were delivered by the same teacher using the same software varying only the color treatment. Results revealed significantly better immediate and delayed learning of the functional group over both other groups with the low-aptitude students benefitting the most from the cueing provided by the functional-color software. Although high-aptitude students did not benefit more from the functional treatment than from the other two treatments, they showed the most positive attitudes toward this treatment whereas low aptitude students did not show any preference for the color system involved.

The effect of product aesthetics information on website appeal in online shopping

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianghui Peng ◽  
Daniel Peak ◽  
Victor Prybutok ◽  
Chenyan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Crucial Element ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Shopping Experience ◽  
Product Aesthetics

Purpose This research posits that e-vendors can use product aesthetic information (PAI) as a strategic positing tool to shape consumers’ perceptions of e-vendors’ websites. Design/methodology/approach To test this framework, variations on a garment’s color (a crucial element of product aesthetics) are presented to four different treatment groups to determine whether aesthetic treatment influences the perception of the website. Findings The results suggest that consumers who consider a product visually appealing also perceive the e-vendor’s website as useful, resulting in enjoyment of the shopping experience. Positive perceptions lead consumers to form positive attitudes toward the vendor’s website. Originality/value While product aesthetics is well-studied in marketing and psychology, its relevance to the e-commerce domain is relatively underexplored. To fill the void, the paper proposes a theoretical framework that explains how PAI influences buyers’ cognitive and affective evaluations of their online shopping experiences, which in turn shapes their attitudes toward e-vendors’ sites.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu Hamil tentang Anemia pada Kehamilan dengan Media Video dan Lembar Balik

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Oktaviani Oktaviani ◽  
Maria Julin Rarome
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

<p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong> <em>The high prevalence of anemia is related to the lack of nutrition in pregnant women, which is influenced by the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women.. <strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of video media on the knowledge and attitudes of pregnant women regarding anemia in pregnancy. <strong>Methods:</strong> This research is a quasi-experimental study. The case sample is pregnant women who take the class of pregnant women with video media (n = 25), while, the control sample is pregnant women who take classes with pregnant women lecture media flipchart (n = 25). The sample selection was chosen using purposive sampling. Bivariate analysis to determine differences between treatment groups was performed with the independent square T test. <strong>Results:</strong> The results showed pregnant women who were given health education with the video method increased knowledge by 3.85 compared to mothers who were given health education with a flipchart (p = 0.013; OR = 3.85) and pregnant women with video intervention methods had a 5.63 times chance to have an attitude better than the flip sheet method (0.008; OR = 3.85). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Health education media with video is more effective than flipcharts in increasing the knowledge of pregnant women and increasing positive attitudes in anemic pregnant women. Efforts should be made to increase innovative video media in order to increase the knowledge of pregnant women and positive attitudes.</em></p>

Cognitive Factors and Their Interaction with Instructional Mode

1975 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
Robert R. Hancock
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Ninth Grade ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Aptitude Tests ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Instructional Mode ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Ninth Grade Students

Aptitude tests measuring cognitive factors from Guilford's Structure-of-Intellect model were given to 119 ninth-grade students who then studied 1 of 2 programmed units–one in a figural mode, the other verbal–for 3 class periods. Dependent variables were scores on a learning test administered the following day, as well as scores on a retention test four weeks later. Regression analysis revealed 17 instances of disordinal interaction of which 13 occurred on the test of retention and 11 were related to semantic factors. 8 of 9 sex-related interactions involved male students; however, as a group, female Ss scored higher on 5 of 6 criterion measures. Based on these findings, further study of memory factors, semantic factors, and sex difference is indicated.

scholarly journals Relationship between the Working Methods and Lower Secondary School Students’ Performance and Attitudes towards Biology

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Uitto ◽  
Pirkko Kärnä ◽  
Riikka Hakonen
Keyword(s):  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
School Subject ◽  
School Students ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Comprehensive Schools ◽  
Ninth Grade Students

The contribution of different working methods and learning environments to grade nine students’ performance in biology as well as their attitudes towards biology as school subject were studied. The research is based on the data collected for the assessment in natural sciences at comprehensive schools by the Finnish Board of Education in 2011. The survey data of the present study consisted of 2989 ninth grade students from 97 comprehensive schools. Students’ performance in biology was clearly correlated with the positive attitude towards biology as a school subject. There were strong correlations between the performance and teaching approaches, which emphasize students’ activity in experimental investigations, making observations, pondering of causes and effects as well as applying knowledge to everyday live. These inquiry-oriented approaches correlated also with the positive attitude towards biology. There were also correlations between positive attitude to biology and teacher-led conversations, pondering of different viewpoints, taking account of students’ opinions and ideas in teaching and the methods emphasizing students’ autonomy and self-evaluation. Positive attitude correlated also with the teaching approach, by which students received information about the development, structures and mechanisms of the world. Directed teaching did not correlate with the performance in biology or the positive attitude towards biology. To enhance students’ performance and positive attitudes in biology, it would be important use experimental work and inquiry-based learning in biology education.

scholarly journals Comparison of Students’ Learning and Attitudes in Physical versus Virtual Manipulatives using Inquiry-Based Instruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-42
Author(s):  
Onur Oymak ◽  
Feral Ogan-Bekiroglu
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Virtual Manipulatives ◽  
School Level ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
High School Level ◽  
Virtual Technology ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Based Instruction ◽  
Ninth Grade Students

This research aimed to determine whether implementation of virtual technology or implementation of physical materials in a learning environment is more efficient in understanding physics concepts and developing positive attitudes at the high school level. The theory that framed this study is the model of learning as dynamic transfer. Participants were 96 ninth grade students (n = 96) distributed randomly to the virtual or physical group. Inquiry-based instruction continued during teaching of kinematics and dynamics, which lasted for eight weeks for both groups. Data from the Force and Motion Achievement Instrument (FMAI), student worksheets, the Attitude Towards Physics Scale (APCS), and anecdotal observations were collected. This study concluded that the use of physical and virtual manipulatives in inquiry-based instruction had the same effect on students’ conceptual and procedural knowledge, as well as their attitudes towards physics. However, students who dealt with physical experimentation had lower learning than their peers who experienced virtual experimentation due to measurement errors made by students. Furthermore, physical investigations left students with some irrelevant knowledge. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that implementing virtual manipulatives is more advantageous for learning in some conditions. The final conclusion is that attitude and learning may be developed in a parallel manner.

scholarly journals College Student Knowledge and Perceptions of Invasive Species

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina M. Waliczek ◽  
Paula S. Williamson ◽  
Florence M. Oxley
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Average Score ◽  
College Courses ◽  
Positive Relationships ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Student Knowledge ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
College Class ◽  
Class Instruction

The purpose of this study was to determine college students’ understanding of invasive species and their support for plant and animal pest control and eradication methods. Surveys were administered at a university and community college in Texas in biology and agriculture departments. A total of 533 respondents participated in the study. Most students said they were not part of any type of environmental organization and felt they were not very informed about invasive species issues. More students reported learning about invasive species in high school than in college courses. The average score on knowledge questions related to invasive and native plants and animals was 32%. Most students underestimated the negative impact of invasive species but many were aware of costs to manage those species. Reliable reported sources of information included environmental organizations, college courses, and the Internet. Pearson product-moment correlations showed positive relationships between students who had college class instruction regarding invasive species and positive attitudes toward management of invasive species. Positive relationships were also found between instruction and an awareness of invasive plants or animals. Respondents who were knowledgeable of invasive species in the community had more positive attitudes toward the management of invasive species. In demographic comparisons, differences were found with males, upperclassmen, and those identifying as Caucasian or other having more knowledge of invasive species and more positive attitudes toward their management.

Modification of Dominant Behavior in School Children: An Attempted Replication

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Hampe ◽  
Wallace Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Differential Effectiveness ◽  
Intrinsic Reward ◽  
Roulette Wheel ◽  
And Control ◽  
Attempted Replication ◽  
Reward And Punishment

The two purposes of this study were to determine the differential effectiveness of four combinations of reward and punishment on interpersonal dominant behavior and to see if any modification of responding would still be in evidence after an interval of 1 wk. 100 third and fourth graders, combined in dyads, were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups: reward-punishment, nonreward-punishment, reward-nonreward, intrinsic reward-nonreward, and control. There were 3 experimental phases: preconditioning, conditioning, and extinction, each phase utilizing a 7-number roulette wheel as the task. Over 50 conditioning trials there was a significant increase in dominant responding by nondominant members, but none of the treatment groups was effective in bringing about this increase. The effects of conditioning were not in evidence 1 wk. later.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Educational Program: Effects on Adolescents' Knowledge and Attitudes

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 986-994
Author(s):  
Heather C. Huszti ◽  
James R. Clopton ◽  
Patrick J. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Intensive Programs ◽  
Positive Effect

Although many schools are presenting acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) education programs for adolescents, few have evaluated the effects of the programs. The effects of two different types of program presentation, a lecture or a film, were compared to a no-program condition. Students who received the lecture demonstrated significantly greater knowledge gains than either of the other two groups. The lecture group's greater gain was maintained at the 1-month follow-up, although all three groups showed a decline in knowledge scores from posttest to follow-up. Both educational programs significantly increased students' positive attitudes toward patients with AIDS; there were no differences between the two groups. Positive attitudes decreased equally for both groups from posttest to follow-up, although these scores remained significantly more positive than the pretest scores. Students in both treatment groups showed a slight increase in positive attitudes toward practicing preventive behaviors following the programs, but those attitude scores returned to baseline levels at follow-up. Although educational programs increase knowledge and positive attitudes toward patients with AIDS, they do not appear to have a positive effect on attitudes toward practicing preventive behaviors. More intensive programs may be necessary to encourage behavioral changes.

Morphological and biochemical analyses of changes in rat hepatocytes related to wine and ethanol consumption

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 232-233
Author(s):  
S.M. Geyer ◽  
C.L. Mendenhall ◽  
J.T. Hung ◽  
E.L. Cardell ◽  
R.L. Drake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Malic Enzyme Activity ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Thirty-three mature male Holtzman rats were randomly placed in 3 treatment groups: Controls (C); Ethanolics (E); and Wine drinkers (W). The animals were fed synthetic diets (Lieber type) with ethanol or wine substituted isocalorically for carbohydrates in the diet of E and W groups, respectively. W received a volume of wine which provided the same gram quantity of alcohol consumed by E. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation after 6 weeks and the livers processed for quantitative triglycerides (T3), proteins, malic enzyme activity (MEA), light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). Morphometric analysis of randomly selected LM and EM micrographs was performed to determine organellar changes in centrilobular (CV) and periportal (PV) regions of the liver. This analysis (Table 1) showed that hepatocytes from E were larger than those in C and W groups. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum decreased in E and increased in W compared to C values.

SEM Evaluation of Fluoride Pretreatment Effects on Acid-Etching of Caries-Like Enamel Lesions In Vitro

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 474-475
Author(s):  
M. John Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Fluoride Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Pretreatment Effects ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Acid-etching of enamel surfaces has been performed routinely to bond adhesive resin materials to sound dental enamel as a caries-preventive measure. The effect of fluoride pretreatment on acid-etching of enamel has been reported to produce inconsistent and unsatisfactory etching patterns. The failure to obtain an adequate etch has been postulated to be due to fluoride precipitation products deposited on the enamel surface. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of fluoride pretreatment on acid-etching of carieslike lesions of human dental enamel.Caries-like lesions of enamel were created in vitro on human molar and premolar teeth. The teeth were divided into two fluoride treatment groups. The specimens were exposed for 4 minutes to either a 2% Sodium Fluoride (NaF) solution or a 10% Stannous Fluoride (SnF2) solution. The specimens were then washed in deionized-distilled water. Each tooth was sectioned into four test regions. This was carried out to compare the effects of various time exposures (0 to 2 minutes) and differing concentrations (10 to 60% w/w) of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) on etching of caries-like lesions. Standard preparation techniques for SEM were performed on the specimens.

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