Status Concerns and Occupational Choice Under Uncertainty

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Clemens
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Occupational Choice ◽  
Economic Indicator ◽  
Class Membership ◽  
Choice Under Uncertainty ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Effective Degree

This paper examines the consequences of status preferences on entrepreneurial risk-taking in a general equilibrium model of occupational choice. We distinguish between two frames of reference. In the first, status is derived from class-membership, the economic indicator of which is the expected relative income of the person's occupation. In the second, status is tied to individual income relative to the mean. We find that the effect of status needs depends on whether or not the status variable itself is subject to risk. While social status increases entrepreneurial risk-taking in the first case, the effect is ambiguous in the second and crucially depends on how status preferences alter the effective degree of risk aversion. The results carry over to the distributional consequences, where status preferences have an equalizing effect only if certain conditions are met.

scholarly journals Clinical, Laboratory and Histological Features of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Related Noninflammatory Bullous Pemphigoid

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1916
Author(s):  
Ágnes Kinyó ◽  
Anita Hanyecz ◽  
Zsuzsanna Lengyel ◽  
Dalma Várszegi ◽  
Péter Oláh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bullous Pemphigoid ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ◽  
First Case ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitor ◽  
The Mean

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disease of elderly patients that has shown increasing incidence in the last decades. Higher prevalence of BP may be due to more frequent use of provoking agents, such as antidiabetic dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i) drugs. Our aim was to assess DPP4i-induced bullous pemphigoid among our BP patients and characterize the clinical, laboratory and histological features of this drug-induced disease form. In our patient cohort, out of 127 BP patients (79 females (62.2%), 48 males (37.7%)), 14 (9 females and 5 males) were treated with DPP4i at the time of BP diagnosis. The Bullous Pemphigoid Disease Area Index (BPDAI) urticaria/erythema score was significantly lower, and the BPDAI damage score was significantly higher in DPP4i-BP patients compared to the nonDPP4i group. Both the mean absolute eosinophil number and the mean periblister eosinophil number was significantly lower in DPP4i-BP patients than in nonDPP4i cases (317.7 ± 0.204 vs. 894.0 ± 1.171 cells/μL, p < 0.0001; 6.75 ± 1.72 vs. 19.09 ± 3.1, p = 0.0012, respectively). Our results provide further evidence that DPP4i-associated BP differs significantly from classical BP, and presents with less distributed skin symptoms, mild erythema, normal or slightly elevated peripheral eosinophil count, and lower titers of BP180 autoantibodies. To our knowledge, this is the first case series of DPP4i-related BP with a non-inflammatory phenotype in European patients.

The Status of the School Shark Fishery in South-Eastern Australian Waters

1959 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Slow Growth Rate ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
The Mean

The maximum yield of the school shark fishery in south-eastern Australian waters was 4.09 million lb in 1949. The catch has fluctuated since then about a declining trend to 3.18 million lb in 1956. In 1944, 7.3 hooks were required to catch a shark of mean weight 14.7 lb. In 1956 the number of hooks required was almost doubled: 13.6 hooks were needed to catch sharks of mean weight 13.7 lb; the catch per hook dropped from 2.01 to 0.99 lb. Whereas the catch per boat-month remained relatively stable at 4765 lb for 1944 and 4643 for 1956, the number of hooks used per boat-month increased from 2366 to 4668 hooks in 12 years. Throughout this period the mean weight of sharks in eastern Bass Strait remained fairly steady (11-13 lb) whereas there was a drop of 3 lb from a mean weight of 17-20 lb in the predominantly mature portion of the stock in western Bass Strait. Fishermen in South Australia have reported a comparable drop in the mean weight of sharks in their catches. During the period 1941-46 there was unrestricted inshore fishing of juveniles and pregnant females with a consequent severe drop in the inshore population. The subsequent decline in the annual total catch is believed to be due not only to a too intensive offshore fishery but also to the resultant reduced recruitment and depressed reproductive potential caused by the earlier destruction of juveniles and pregnant females. In the data presented in this paper there is evidence that the school shark fishery, which is operating on a single stock of sharks with a slow growth rate, a late sexual maturity, and a low fecundity, shows trends which are suggestive of depletion. Because similar trends in the soupfin shark fishery of California and in the dogfish fishery of British Columbia were followed by depletion, it has been inferred that regulations to protect the vulnerable phases of the life history of the school shark of Australia may be required. Measures for conservation are discussed.

scholarly journals Self-Esteem in People with Physical Disabilities: Differences between Active and Inactive Individuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmar Nemček
Keyword(s):  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Status ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sedentary Life Style ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
People With Physical Disabilities

SummaryThe aim of the study was to determine the status of SE in people with physical disabilities (PwPD) and compare SE scores between active and inactive individuals. The sample of PwPD (n = 186) was divided into two groups of those who are regularly participating in sport (active; n = 88) and those who are not participating in any sport in their leisure (inactive; n = 98). The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) was used as a primary research method. 10-item scale measures global self-worth by measuring positive and negative feelings about the self. Higher scores (from 10 to 40 points) indicate higher SE. The Pearson chi-square test was used to determine the differences of 10 RSES items and total scores between active and inactive PwPD. We found that the mean score of RSES in PwPD was 28.83 points; active PwPD observed total score of RSES 30.01 points and group of inactive PwPD showed the lowest SE by achieving 27.76 points. Mean scores comparison of each RSES item between active and inactive PwPD revealed higher SE in the group of active PwPD. Significantly higher SE was presented by 4 from 10 RSES items and by total score in the group of active PwPD. The results of our study confirmed that actively living PwPD have significantly higher SE comparing those PwPD who are living sedentary life style.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a random access analyser: BM/Hitachi 911

1995 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
Taweesook Kanluan ◽  
Surapon Tangvarasittichai ◽  
Orathai Tangvarasittichai
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Values ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Carry Over

The performance of Boehringer Mannheim's BM/Hitachi 911 was evaluated for three months. The mean coeffcient of variation (CV) of the within-run and between-run imprecision of the 16 analytes were less than 1.16% (range 0.47-2.38%) and 1.35% (range 0.62-2.93,%), respectively. A linearity study for the various assays covered clinically important levels. No relevant drift was observed during an eight-hour assay nor was any sample-related carry-over detected. In all cases, the regression analyses (slopes) of the results obtainedfrom BM/Hitachi 911 and 717 were between the extreme values of 0.94 and 1.05. During the three months of operation, no major problem was encountered. The BM/Hitachi 911 was found to be easily operated, to require minimal attention and simple daily maintenance during operation.

scholarly journals Predictive value of resistive index in graft survival after kidney transplant

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saverio Forte ◽  
Pasquale Martino ◽  
Silvano Palazzo ◽  
Matteo Matera ◽  
Floriana Giangrande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graft Survival ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
A Value ◽  
Calculated Parameter ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: The intrarenal resistance index (RI) is a calculated parameter for the assessment of the status of the graft during the follow-up ultrasound of the transplanted kidney. Currently it is still unclear the predictive value of RI, also in function of the time. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively investigated the correlation between the RI and the graft survival (GS) and the overall survival (OS) after transplantation. We evaluated 268 patients transplanted between 2003 and 2011, the mean followup was 73 months (12-136). The RI was evaluated at 8 days, 6 months, 1 year and 3 years. The ROC analysis was used to calculate the predictive value of RI and the Kaplan Mayer curves was used to evaluated the OS and PS. Results: The ROC analysis, correlated to the GS, identified a value of RI equal to 0.75 as a cut-off. All patients was stratified according to the RI at 8 days (RI ≤ 0,75: 212 vs RI &gt; 0.75: 56), at 6 months (RI ≤ 0.75: 237 vs RI &gt; 0.75: 31), at 1 year (RI ≤ 0.75: 229 vs RI &gt; 0.75: 39) and at 3 years (RI ≤ 0.75: 224 vs RI &gt; 0.75: 44). The RI showed statistically significant differences between the two groups in favor of those who had an RI ≤ 0.75 only at 8 days and at 6 moths (p = 0.0078 and p = 0.02 to 8 days to 6 months) on the GS. On the contrary, we observed that the RI estimated at 1 year and 3 years has not correlated with the GS. The same RI cut-off was correlate with PS after transplantation. We observed that there are no correlations between the RI and OS. Conclusions: The RI proved to be a good prognostic factor on survival organ when it was evaluated in the first months of follow- up after transplantation. This parameter does not appear, however, correlate with OS of the transplanted subject.

scholarly journals Image of Motherland: Justification and Approbation of Diagnostic Tools

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-219
Author(s):  
M.V. Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
Human Mind ◽  
The State ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Status ◽  
Patriotic Education ◽  
Education Today ◽  
The Subject

The topic of patriotic consciousness and patriotic education today claims to the status of a nationwide idea, so the research interest in this issue is unusually high. The study of patriotic consciousness should begin with an analysis of the subject which the patriotic feelings of citizens are directed on. This subject is the motherland and its image in the minds of citizens. The article gives an overview of the data, which is used for the semantic deferential method «Image of Motherland» and the procedure of studying of the image of the Motherland based on this method. The sample was 165 respondents. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that the use of this methodology is a tool, which lets us to determine social ideas about the image of the Motherland. It has been proved that the image of the Motherland in consciousness reflects the ideas about the country and the state in which the respondents were born and raised, it is not associated with a so-called “Small homeland”, but with a certain commonality of territory, nature and culture. There is reason to believe that the image of the Motherland in the human mind can be viewed as an image “for oneself” and an image “for others”: in the first case, the Motherland is perceived as big and strong, interesting for life and comfortable, simple and cultural; Motherland “for others” is bold and friendly, strong and kind.

scholarly journals Estimation of Above-Ground Mangrove Biomass Using Landsat-8 Data- Derived Vegetation Indices: A Case Study in Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
pp. 506-525
Author(s):  
Hai-Hoa Nguyen ◽  
Huy Duc Vu ◽  
Achim Röder
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
The Status ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Accuracy Assessments ◽  
Quang Ninh

This study aimed to map the status of mangrove forests over the coasts of Hai Ha District and Mong Cai City in Quang Ninh Province by using 2019 Landsat-8 imagery. It then developed the AGB estimation model of mangrove forests based on the AGB estimation-derived plots inventory and vegetation indices-derived from Landsat-8 data. As results, there were five land covers identified, including mangrove forests, other vegetation, wetlands, built-up, and water, with the overall accuracy assessments of 80.0% and Kappa coefficient of 0.74. The total extent of mangrove forests was estimated at 4291.2 ha. The best AGB estimation model that was selected to estimate the AGB and AGC of mangrove forests for the whole coasts of Hai Ha District and Mong Cai City is AGB= 30.38 + 911.95*SAVI (R2=0.924, PValue <0.001). The model validation assessment has confirmed that the selected AGB model can be applied to Hai Ha and Mong Cai coasts with the mean difference between AGB observed and AGB predicted at 16.0 %. This satisfactory AGB model also suggests a good potential for AGB and AGC mapping, which offer the carbon trading market in the study site. As the AGB model selected, the total AGB and AGC of mangrove forests were estimated at about 14,600,000 tons and 6,868,076 tons with a range of from 94.0 - 432.0 tons ha-1, from 44.2 - 203.02 tons ha-1, respectively. It also suggests that the newly-developed AGB model of mangrove forests can be used to estimate AGC stocks and carbon sequestration of mangrove forests for C-PFES in over the coasts of Hai Ha District and Mong Cai City, which is a very importantly financial source for mangrove forest managers, in particular for local mangrove protectors.

scholarly journals Social characteristics associated with outcome of paediatric human immunodeficiency virus admissions

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1620
Author(s):  
Olusola Adetunji Oyedeji ◽  
Olasunkanmi Oladapo Olubanjo ◽  
Gabriel Ademola Oyedeji
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Mean

Background: Information on social characteristics in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected Nigerian children is scarce. The association between social characteristics such as single parenthood, low socio-economic status, polygamy and lack of parental education on the outcome of paediatric HIV admissions has been under studied.Methods: Information was obtained from the case notes of HIV infected children between the year 2006 and 2012 at a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Details of the information extracted include socio-demographics, diagnoses and outcome of management. Data was analysed with the SPSS 18 software.Results: Fifty (1.73%) of the total 2897 paediatric admissions were due to HIV disease. The mean age of the children studied was 3.7±2.9years and the 50 children were made up by 27 boys and 23 girls, giving a male to female ratio of 1:0.9. The mean age of the mothers and fathers were 28.7 and 36.7 years respectively. Pneumonia, septicaemia and tuberculosis accounted for more than 60% of admissions. Five (10.0%) children were from the upper, 12 (24.0%) from the middle and 33 (766.0%) from the lower socioeconomic classes. Twenty-four parents (couples) were both sero-positive for HIV and 7 discordant. Nineteen (38.0%) could not be classified because the status of the father was unknown. Of the 7 sero-discordant parents, 3 sero-negative fathers neglected their families. Thirty-nine children were from monogamous homes, nine from polygamous and two were raised by single parents. There were two discharges against medical advice and eleven deaths. The average number of siblings of the children studied was 2.57±2.1. Mortalities on admission were significantly associated with, parental financial constraints and the admitted HIV infected child having more than one sibling (p<0.05).Conclusions: It was concluded that appropriate interventions to manage these associations will most likely improve the outcome of admissions. Strategies of improving disclosure and prevention of negative outcome of disclosures, such as family neglect in sero-discordant couples also need to be identified. 

scholarly journals Variation in the official female onomasticon of Ukraine: between norm and abnormality

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-195
Author(s):  
Iuliia Makarets
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
National Language ◽  
Language System ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Status ◽  
Morphological Variants

The article deals with sociolinguistic analysis of modern official female onomasticon of Ukraine. Its dynamics reflects processes, which are taking place in language system, and changes in society, social demographic and ethnic pattern, cultural markers and values, even the extent of legal regulation of social relations. Sociologists are interested in personal names as a means of social categorization and differentiation of individuals. Legists see them as a tool for one’s legalization and as an object of legal protection. Anthropologists study them as special units of communication and interaction between generations. For linguists they are a specific typexplore them linguists – ists of means of lexical nomination. Linguistically onomasticon is a valuable source of information on the current state of language norms, level of linguistic culture of the population, and the status correlation between languages in society. According to the date of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, the repertoire of newborn girls’ names in 2015–2019 exceeded half a thousand units. It’s due to the magnitude of globalization processes in naming, restoration of national naming traditions, rising social freedom in choosing names, and, sometimes, the decay of sense of responsibility in naming and insufficient language culture. About third part of female names appears as phonetic, orthographic and morphological variants. Ukraine is a multinational state and representatives of other nationalities and national minorities maintain their own naming traditions. Ukrainian spelling of these names in documents often is inconsequent. Often variants arise due to the ambiguity of transliteration, Ukrainian-Russian language interference and violation of Ukrainian spelling standard. Much less it is a result of alive alternation in the Ukrainian language. Rows of variants of the same official female name consist from two to five or six units. Among them there are normative and anomalous variants. In first case main and optional variants can be distinguished. Optional variants are not conventional in language practice but they do not violate the essential features of national language system (over time, some of them may become more popular than the main variant). Linguistically such variants are the same unit, the natural manifestation of potentialities of language system. But legally, person’s name can’t be spelled differently in her documents.

scholarly journals Reporting time period matters: quantifying catch rates and exploring recall bias from fisher interviews in Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 2114-2122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Aylesworth ◽  
Ting-Chun Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Recall Bias ◽  
External Data ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Reported Data

Catch rates reported by fishers are commonly used to understand the status of a fishery, but the reliability of fisher-reported data is affected by how they recall such information. Recalling catch may be influenced by the choice of reporting time period. Using interview data from fishers in Thailand, we investigated (1) how the time period for which fishers report their catch rates (e.g., per day or month) correlates with annual catch estimates and (2) the potential of recall bias when fishers reported multiple catch rates. We found that the annual catch estimates of fishers who reported on a shorter time period (haul, day) were significantly higher than those reported on a longer time period (month, year). This trend held true when individual fishers reported over multiple time periods, suggesting recall bias. By comparing fisher reports with external data sets, we identified that the mean across all reports was most similar to other data sources, rather than any time period. Our research has strong implications in using fishers’ knowledge for fisheries management.

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