scholarly journals Neutropenia and management of cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
O.V. Ponomariova ◽  
P.V. Petelskyi ◽  
A.S. Kasianenko ◽  
T.A. Horbatiuk ◽  
M.M. Nosko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
The One ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
Cancer Network

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the management of patients with cancer. Due to the quarantine restrictions imposed to some extent around the world, it was necessary to modify treatment regimens by reducing the number of sessions of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, as well as by postponing surgery. The volume of cancer screening has also been reduced. All this, from our point of view, in the long run may not have a very positive effect on the course of treatment and prognosis of cancer. Therefore, doctors today are constantly faced with the task of maintaining the effectiveness of treatment of malignant neoplasms, on the one hand, and reducing the risk of coronavirus — on the other, because, according to many sources, cancer patients are at risk of adverse COVID-19 course. This is especially true for patients with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. In this article we wanted to demonstrate the latest approaches to the management of cancer patients in this difficult period. We also considered the options for wider use of granulocyte colony-sti­mulating factors to prevent neutropenia in the COVID-19 era. It is still controversy about this in the medical scientific community. Unfortunately, the data available today are not enough to make unambiguous statements about a particular patient management, but by analyzing the large number of publications made during the pandemic year, as well as updated National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, we were able to answer most of the questions that interest us.

Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Patients with Cancer of the Larynx and Hypopharynx

2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (7) ◽  
pp. 502-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfio Ferlito ◽  
Alessandra Rinaldo
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Paraneoplastic Syndromes ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The World ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Paraneoplastic syndromes may be the first sign of a malignancy. They are systemic, nonmetastatic manifestations associated with a variety of malignant neoplasms and occurring in a minority of cancer patients. These associations of symptoms and signs are not directly related to the site or local manifestations of a malignant tumor or its metastases, but their recognition may facilitate the detection of malignancies or recurrences. Paraneoplastic syndromes are categorized into 6 types: Dermatologic or cutaneous, endocrine, hematologic, neurologic, osteoarticular or rheumatologic, and ocular. Different oncotypes have rarely been associated with paraneoplastic syndromes in patients with cancer of the larynx and hypopharynx. The world literature has been reviewed.

scholarly journals Analysis of the availability and direction of improvement of medical care for patients with malignant neoplasms in the Moscow region

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-117
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Ogneva ◽  
A. N. Gurov ◽  
M. V. Pirogov ◽  
E. V. Gameeva ◽  
O. Yu. Aleksandrova
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation

Purpose. Carrying out medical and statistical analysis of morbidity and mortality of the population with malignant neoplasms, development of proposals for greater accessibility and areas of improvement of specialized including high-tech medical care (HTMC) for patients with cancer in the Moscow region.Materials and methods. The analysis of morbidity and mortality of the population of the Moscow region from malignant neoplasms and the organization of specialized, including high-tech, medical care to cancer patients on the basis of forms of Federal state statistical observations in relation to the three-level system of the organization of medical care to the population of the region with identification of organizational and financial problems.Results. The incidence of malignant neoplasms in the Moscow region in 2017 amounted to 364.9 per 100 thousand population, which is 1.0% below the level of 2016-365.9 per 100 thousand population and below the average for the Central Federal district and the Russian Federation. The mortality rate from neoplasms in the Moscow region decreased in 2017 to 174.7 cases per 100 thousand population, which is less than the average for the Central Federal district — 207.1 and the Russian Federation — 196.9 per 100 thousand population. At the same time, the volume of specialized medical care (including high — tech medical care) for malignant tumors, in a 24-hour hospital is more than twice the average Russian standard — 13% for SMC and 50% for HTMC. Exceeding the standard of medical care is mainly due to the HTMC 2, which is not planned in the subject of the Russian Federation and is usually in Federal clinics. The share of oncological medical care received outside the medical organizations of the MR is 16%, which exceeds the share of medical care in all other profiles received outside the Moscow region (12%). This situation contributes to the availability of cancer care to the population of the Moscow region.Conclusion. The performed work allowed to draw conclusions that in normative legal acts of Federal level it is necessary to define separately the standard of volumes of specialized, including hi-tech medical care, on the profile of Oncology. Large volumes of HTMC cannot be an unambiguous characteristic of the availability of medical care in General, since HTMC is medical care with the use of complex methods of diagnosis and treatment in clinically complex cases. Large volumes of HTMC can be a consequence of the complexity of clinical cases, but also a consequence of neglect of the disease due to the lack of diagnosis and treatment in the provision of primary health care (PHC) at the 1st level. In the Moscow region, there is a need to redistribute the volume of this medical care not only to cancer dispensaries, but also to other medical organizations. After that, there is a need for the distribution of patients, taking into account the morbidity in the territories, the place of residence of citizens, and taking into account the capabilities of medical organizations for the treatment of cancer patients (surgical treatment, chemotherapy, radiotherapy). Medical organizations of the subject of the Federation shall be ranked taking into account the applied technologies and opportunities of drug therapy. As a result, a clear routing of patients with cancer should be developed in the subject of the Russian Federation.

Cancer Patients’ Perception of Being or Not Being Confirmed

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagfinn Nåden ◽  
Berit Sæteren
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Hermeneutic Approach ◽  
The Common

The aim of this study was to obtain in-depth knowledge about caring confirmation of patients with cancer, from the patients’ point of view. The research topic was: what is the significance for patients of their being confirmed by nursing personnel? Fifteen men and women between 43 and 80 years of age participated in this study. The method of data collection used was qualitative research interviewing. A hermeneutic approach was used to interpret the data, in which Kvale’s self-perception, the ‘common sense’ level, and theoretical levels were applied. The results are summarized in three areas: an outer confirmation, an inner confirmation, and a lack of the latter. Outer confirmation meant being understood and taken seriously; the maintenance of human dignity and worth indicated inner confirmation. A lack of inner confirmation is primarily manifest in terms of patients’ mental, spiritual and existential concerns. In relation to the theory of Eriksson, these patients were confirmed at the level of having and being, but seldom at the level of becoming.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF DENTAL STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH CANCER

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ольга Успенская ◽  
Ol'ga Uspenskaya ◽  
Ирина Фадеева ◽  
Irina Fadeeva
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dental Status ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Dental Diseases

Subject. In the modern world, the prevalence of cancer is growing every year, in this regard, this pathology is one of the most pressing problems in medicine. There is no doubt that malignant neoplasms have a complex interaction with the body. The General mechanisms of occurrence and progression of the tumor process are intensively studied, and to date, a huge amount of material on molecular and clinical Oncology has been accumulated, it is used in related disciplines. The most important sections of dentistry are the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the mucous membrane. Often, clinical manifestations in the oral cavity are one of the first symptoms indicating a General somatic disease. This article covers the study of the dental status of patients with different localizations of cancer. Objective ― to study the incidence of dental diseases of patients with cancer. Methodology. To conduct a study medical examination of patients with different localizations of cancer was held to determine dental: the definition of DMF-Index, PMA-index, Parodontal Index, and the condition of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and periodontal tissues. Cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and radiation therapy, patients who refused to participate in the survey were excluded from the survey. Results. The study included 526 patients. The predominance of certain types of dental diseases among patients with a particular cancer pathology was revealed. Conclusions. Our study showed that all patients had decompensated forms of caries. The most common dental diseases combined with cancer are hyperplasia filiform papillae (K14.3), the "geographic" language (K14.1). Periodontal disease occurred in 69,5 % of cases among cancer patients.

Long-run Tendencies in Foreign Trade: With a Statistical Study of French Trade Structure 1871–1939

1971 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 804-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Sylvain Weiller
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Complete Disruption ◽  
The One ◽  
Structural Point

Economists who have studied the evolution of trade transactions between the two world wars have often stressed the existence of an obvious paradox: despite the disturbances brought about by the war period, the territorial changes, the monetary difficulties and the crises, international trade as a whole and particularly from a structural point of view, had a tendency, after a few years of complete disruption, to return to a pre-war pattern of evolution. Trade flows were returning to a distribution very similar to the one prevailing in 1913, and changes were occurring in the same direction as those of the 1896–1913 period. Certain countries endured great difficulties in the readaptation process, especially the United Kingdom, whose “structural crises” have often been cited. But the very changes that were sources of anxiety for English rulers were less a result of the transformation or the acceleration of pre-war tendencies than of their continuity.

scholarly journals New approaches to determining the nutritional treatment tactics in patients with malignant neoplasms

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 434-439
Author(s):  
Liudmila N. Kostiuchenko ◽  
◽  
Galina G. Varvanina ◽  
Natalia Iu. Dobrovol’skaia ◽  
Artem D. Kruglov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Nutritional Support ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Cathepsin L ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Nutritional Treatment ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Additional Correction

Aim. To determine personalized approaches to the choice of nutritional support (NS) tactics in oncopathology, depending on the stage of carcinogenesis. Materials and methods. Nutritionists consulted 96 patients with oncopathology (colorectal cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma) over the period 2018–2019. The stage of carcinogenesis was determined mainly by the morphogenetic signs according to V.S. Turusov. Nutritional status was assessed according to the parameters of the known alimentation-volemic diagnosis and basic metabolic syndromes characteristics in cancer patients. The effectiveness of NS was assessed by the change in lysosomal metabolism. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 10 software. Results. Based on such clinical and biochemical analysis, 3 groups of patients were identified: 1) subject only to surgical treatment; 2) subject to combined treatment; 3) palliative. Corresponding to the selected groups, the concept of nutritional extinction was formulated and 3 treatment regimens were proposed, which differ in the use of additional correction of endotoxicosis, analgesic pharmaconutrients, or low-calorie diets. The effectiveness of the nutritional correction was assessed with testing lysosomal metabolism by cathepsins L using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It has been shown that cathepsin L can serve as an early marker of nutritional dysfunction and nutritional prognosis. Conclusion. When determining nutritional treatment tactics in cancer patients, it is advisable to distinguish the stages of nutritional extinction. It is advisable to carry out the assessment of NS effectiveness and nutritional prognosis according to cathepsin L levels. Nutritional counseling allows to determine the tactics of neoadjuvant NS, and in some cases to make adjustments in the choice of surgical aid.

Understanding functional illiteracy from a policy, adult education, and cognition point of view: Towards a joint referent framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Bulajić ◽  
Miomir Despotović ◽  
Thomas Lachmann
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Functional Illiteracy ◽  
Scale Levels ◽  
Components Of Reading ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. The article discusses the emergence of a functional literacy construct and the rediscovery of illiteracy in industrialized countries during the second half of the 20th century. It offers a short explanation of how the construct evolved over time. In addition, it explores how functional (il)literacy is conceived differently by research discourses of cognitive and neural studies, on the one hand, and by prescriptive and normative international policy documents and adult education, on the other hand. Furthermore, it analyses how literacy skills surveys such as the Level One Study (leo.) or the PIAAC may help to bridge the gap between cognitive and more practical and educational approaches to literacy, the goal being to place the functional illiteracy (FI) construct within its existing scale levels. It also sheds more light on the way in which FI can be perceived in terms of different cognitive processes and underlying components of reading. By building on the previous work of other authors and previous definitions, the article brings together different views of FI and offers a perspective for a needed operational definition of the concept, which would be an appropriate reference point for future educational, political, and scientific utilization.

Treatment and secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
I. Pabinger ◽  
C. Ay
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
New Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Potential Use

SummaryCancer is a major and independent risk factor of venous thromboembolism (VTE). In clinical practice, a high number of VTE events occurs in patients with cancer, and treatment of cancerassociated VTE differs in several aspects from treatment of VTE in the general population. However, treatment in cancer patients remains a major challenge, as the risk of recurrence of VTE as well as the risk of major bleeding during anticoagulation is substantially higher in patients with cancer than in those without cancer. In several clinical trials, different anticoagulants and regimens have been investigated for treatment of acute VTE and secondary prophylaxis in cancer patients to prevent recurrence. Based on the results of these trials, anticoagulant therapy with low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) has become the treatment of choice in cancer patients with acute VTE in the initial period and for extended and long-term anticoagulation for 3-6 months. New oral anticoagulants directly inhibiting thrombin or factor Xa, have been developed in the past decade and studied in large phase III clinical trials. Results from currently completed trials are promising and indicate their potential use for treatment of VTE. However, the role of the new oral thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors for VTE treatment in cancer patients still has to be clarified in further studies specifically focusing on cancer-associated VTE. This brief review will summarize the current strategies of initial and long-term VTE treatment in patients with cancer and discuss the potential use of the new oral anticoagulants.

Thrombosis in Cancer Patients Treated with Hematopoietic Growth Factors - A Meta-Analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (02) ◽  
pp. 368-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Barbul ◽  
G Finazzi ◽  
A Grassi ◽  
R Marchioli
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Hematopoietic Growth Factors ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Cytotoxic Treatment ◽  
Pertinent Data ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
Vascular Occlusions

SummaryHematopoietic colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) are largely used in patients with cancer undergoing cytotoxic treatment to accelerate neutrophil recovery and decrease the incidence of febrile neutropenia. Clinical practice guidelines for their use have been recently established (1), taking into account clinical benefit, but also cost and toxicity. Vascular occlusions have been recently reported among the severe reactions associated with the use of CSFs, in anedoctal case reports (2, 3), consecutive case series (4) and randomized clinical trial (5, 6). However, the role of CSFs in the pathogenesis of thrombotic complications is difficult to ascertain, because pertinent data are scanty and widely distributed over a number of heterogenous investigations. We report here a systematic review of relevant articles, with the aims to estimate the prevalence of thrombosis associated with the use of CSFs and to assess if this rate is significantly higher than that observed in cancer patients not receiving CSFs.

Migration and US agricultural competitiveness

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Farm Workers ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Guest Workers ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Lower Wage ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

Agriculture has one of the highest shares of foreign-born and unauthorized workers among US industries; over three-fourths of hired farm workers were born abroad, usually in Mexico, and over half of all farm workers are unauthorized. Farm employers are among the few to openly acknowledge their dependence on migrant and unauthorized workers, and they oppose efforts to reduce unauthorized migration unless the government legalizes currently illegal farm workers or provides easy access to legal guest workers. The effects of migrants on agricultural competitiveness are mixed. On the one hand, wages held down by migrants keep labour-intensive commodities competitive in the short run, but the fact that most labour-intensive commodities are shipped long distances means that long-run US competitiveness may be eroded as US farmers have fewer incentives to develop labour-saving and productivity-improving methods of farming and production in lower-wage countries expands.

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